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LLM Self Defense: By Self Examination, LLMs Know They Are Being Tricked (2308.07308v4)

Published 14 Aug 2023 in cs.CL and cs.AI

Abstract: LLMs are popular for high-quality text generation but can produce harmful content, even when aligned with human values through reinforcement learning. Adversarial prompts can bypass their safety measures. We propose LLM Self Defense, a simple approach to defend against these attacks by having an LLM screen the induced responses. Our method does not require any fine-tuning, input preprocessing, or iterative output generation. Instead, we incorporate the generated content into a pre-defined prompt and employ another instance of an LLM to analyze the text and predict whether it is harmful. We test LLM Self Defense on GPT 3.5 and Llama 2, two of the current most prominent LLMs against various types of attacks, such as forcefully inducing affirmative responses to prompts and prompt engineering attacks. Notably, LLM Self Defense succeeds in reducing the attack success rate to virtually 0 using both GPT 3.5 and Llama 2. The code is publicly available at https://github.com/poloclub/LLM-self-defense

A Critical Assessment of "LLM Self Defense: By Self Examination, LLMs Know They Are Being Tricked"

The proliferation of LLMs such as GPT-3.5 and Llama-2 has been accompanied by challenges associated with their susceptibility to adversarial prompts. These prompts can manipulate LLMs into generating harmful outputs, despite the integration of human-aligned safety measures through Reinforcement Learning. In addressing these challenges, the paper titled "LLM Self Defense: By Self Examination, LLMs Know They Are Being Tricked," presents a novel approach aimed at fortifying LLMs against such vulnerabilities. This essay critically evaluates the methodology, results, and future implications of the research as demonstrated by the authors.

Methodological Approach

The cornerstone of this research is a technique termed LLM Self Defense. This methodology employs a zero-shot approach, facilitating one instance of an LLM to assess and validate the responses produced by another instance of an LLM. This process circumvents the need for extensive model fine-tuning or preprocessing — a significant advancement in terms of computational efficiency over existing frameworks. By configuring LLMs to recognize harmful content within their own output, the authors innovatively utilize the inherent capabilities of these models without necessitating major architectural or procedural alterations.

Experimental Evaluation

The authors subjected two major LLM architectures, GPT-3.5 and Llama-2, to a series of adversarial prompts derived from the AdvBench dataset. The analysis revealed an impressive outcome; the success rate of harmful prompt execution by LLMs was reduced to virtually zero. Accuracy ratings for detecting harmful prompts were particularly notable — with GPT-3.5 achieving 99% accuracy under optimized prompt conditions and Llama-2 achieving 94.6% accuracy. These results underscore the efficacy of the LLM Self Defense approach, evidencing its potential as a robust mechanism for adverse content identification across different LLMs.

Computational Implications and Theoretical Insight

This paper highlights crucial implications for both the practical application of LLMs and their theoretical development. Practically, the introduction of LLM Self Defense contributes to the deployment of safer AI systems that are resilient to a spectrum of adversarial stimuli, thereby reducing the risk of biased, harmful, or inappropriate outputs. Theoretically, this research fosters a new perspective on the autonomy of LLMs in monitoring and regulating their outputs through learned contextual evaluation, promoting further explorations into self-regulatory AI systems.

Potential Directions for Future Research

While the current findings present a convincing argument for the efficacy of the LLM Self Defense methodology, certain avenues remain unexplored. Future investigations could consider integrating additional contextual examples to bolster the zero-shot learning process through techniques like in-context learning. Moreover, expanding the scope to automate the response classification process with mechanisms such as logit biasing could ensure greater consistency in classification and facilitate wider applicability across diverse datasets.

In conclusion, this paper makes noteworthy strides in the domain of adversarial defenses for LLMs by leveraging their intrinsic capabilities to self-assess generated content. As AI technologies continue to evolve, ensuring robust defense mechanisms against adversarial inputs will be vital for their safe and effective utilization, and the contributions of this paper represent a pivotal step towards that goal.

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Authors (7)
  1. Mansi Phute (6 papers)
  2. Alec Helbling (14 papers)
  3. Matthew Hull (14 papers)
  4. ShengYun Peng (17 papers)
  5. Sebastian Szyller (14 papers)
  6. Cory Cornelius (12 papers)
  7. Duen Horng Chau (109 papers)
Citations (120)
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