Sharpened Uncertainty Principle (2211.11204v2)

Abstract: For any finite group $G$, any finite $G$-set $X$ and any field $F$, we consider the vector space $F^X$ of all functions from $X$ to $F$. When the group algebra $FG$ is semisimple and splitting, we find a specific basis $\widehat X$ of $F^X$, construct the Fourier transform: $F^X\to F^{\widehat X}$, $f\mapsto\widehat f$, and define the rank support $\mbox{rk-supp}(\widehat f)$; we prove that $\mbox{rk-supp}(\widehat f)=\dim FGf$, where $FGf$ is the submodule of the permutation module $FX$ generated by the element $f=\sum_{x\in X}f(x)x$. Next, we extend a sharpened uncertainty principle for abelian finite groups by Feng, HoLLMann, and Xiang [9] to the following extensive framework: for any field $F$, any transitive $G$-set $X$ and $0\neq f\in F^X$ we prove that $$ |{\rm supp}(f)|\cdot \dim FGf \geq |X|+|{\rm supp}(f)|-|X_{{\rm supp}(f)}|, $$ where ${\rm supp}(f)$ is the support of $f$, and $X_{{\rm supp}(f)}$ is a block of $X$ associated with the subset ${\rm supp}(f)$ such that ${\rm supp}(f)$ is a disjoint union of some translations of the block. Then many (sharpened or classical) versions of finite-dimensional uncertainty principle are derived as corollaries.