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The Visual Pattern in the Collatz Conjecture and Proof of No Non-Trivial Cycles (2105.07955v1)

Published 13 May 2021 in math.GM

Abstract: We present the long sought visual pattern in the Collatz problem with the aid of a logarithmic spiral. Using this newly discovered pattern, we show that the Collatz problem is linked to primes via Jacobsthal numbers. We then prove that no non-trivial cycles exist on the spiral and by extension in the Collatz problem.

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Summary

  • The paper introduces a novel visual approach using a logarithmic spiral to map Collatz trajectories and prove the absence of non-trivial cycles.
  • It transforms the Collatz conjecture into structured levels with sequences like A075677 and A016789, linking them to prime number properties.
  • The method offers new avenues for computational verification and potential applications in prime theory and Diophantine problems.

Analysis of "The Visual Pattern in the Collatz Conjecture and Proof of No Non-Trivial Cycles"

The paper "The Visual Pattern in the Collatz Conjecture and Proof of No Non-Trivial Cycles" by Fabian S. Reid introduces a novel approach to the Collatz conjecture by identifying a distinct visual pattern associated with the conjecture. The work utilizes a logarithmic spiral framework, 𝑟 = 2 ∙ 2𝜃/𝜋, which links the Collatz trajectory to prime numbers through Jacobsthal numbers. This connection is leveraged to demonstrate the absence of non-trivial cycles within the conjecture.

Core Contribution

The author delineates a transformation of the Collatz problem into a sequence that manifests a structured, repeating pattern observable on a logarithmic spiral. This pattern is further broken down into levels, each tied to specific indexed sequences, notably A075677 and A016789, taken from integer sequences literature. The construction of these sequences through the polar logarithmic function facilitates a visual representation that starkly contrasts with prior visualizations, which have been described as chaotic.

The central mathematical artifact is the mapping of numbers in the form of 6𝑥 ± 1 onto this spiral, forming trajectories that inherently lack non-trivial cycles. The paper claims this visualization enables a conceptualization of the Collatz conjecture previously unavailable through traditional numeric endeavors.

Assertions and Implications

Several claims are pivotal to this paper, chief among them is that no non-trivial cycles exist for numbers mapped onto this spiral. Reid posits that any number within the trajectories inevitably converges to known positions—no loops of differing non-trivial integers exist to disrupt this convergence process.

Introducing sequences like A329480 enriches understanding by illustrating a mechanism where forward-backward movements translate naturally within the context of the spiral. Reid proposes that these sequences are intricately linked to higher-order mathematical constructs such as Diophantine equations, heavily used to describe the interplay between prime-related properties and Collatz iterations.

The implications here are significant yet subtle. While the author stops short of proving the full scope of the Collatz conjecture (that all natural numbers eventually reach 1), the absence of non-trivial cycles laid out suggests a step forward in understanding the cyclical nature (or lack thereof) in this mathematical enigma.

Future Directions

Future work could include extending this visual approach to explore other unresolved elements of the Collatz conjecture, including potential generalizations involving more complex functions following similar visual patterns. The integration of prime number properties with the documented spiral patterns may also open paths to novel developments in prime theory and integer sequence analyses.

Moreover, exploring further computational verification methods that include the described visual pattern could substantiate the absence of non-trivial cycles on larger numerical scales. Incorporating these into distributed computational efforts might streamline the confirmation process applied to vast ranges of natural numbers.

Conclusion

Reid's work provides an innovative perspective on the Collatz conjecture by illustrating a coherent visual pattern that connects the problem mechanics to prime number theory using Jacobsthal numbers. The derivation of sequences to display the absence of non-trivial cycles, while circumstantial, prompts a new speculative discourse on potential proofs of the conjecture. The methodology presented could enrich both theoretical and computational explorations of this longstanding mathematical question.

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