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Match-SRNN: Modeling the Recursive Matching Structure with Spatial RNN (1604.04378v1)

Published 15 Apr 2016 in cs.CL, cs.AI, cs.LG, and cs.NE

Abstract: Semantic matching, which aims to determine the matching degree between two texts, is a fundamental problem for many NLP applications. Recently, deep learning approach has been applied to this problem and significant improvements have been achieved. In this paper, we propose to view the generation of the global interaction between two texts as a recursive process: i.e. the interaction of two texts at each position is a composition of the interactions between their prefixes as well as the word level interaction at the current position. Based on this idea, we propose a novel deep architecture, namely Match-SRNN, to model the recursive matching structure. Firstly, a tensor is constructed to capture the word level interactions. Then a spatial RNN is applied to integrate the local interactions recursively, with importance determined by four types of gates. Finally, the matching score is calculated based on the global interaction. We show that, after degenerated to the exact matching scenario, Match-SRNN can approximate the dynamic programming process of longest common subsequence. Thus, there exists a clear interpretation for Match-SRNN. Our experiments on two semantic matching tasks showed the effectiveness of Match-SRNN, and its ability of visualizing the learned matching structure.

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Authors (6)
  1. Shengxian Wan (5 papers)
  2. Yanyan Lan (87 papers)
  3. Jun Xu (398 papers)
  4. Jiafeng Guo (161 papers)
  5. Liang Pang (94 papers)
  6. Xueqi Cheng (274 papers)
Citations (169)

Summary

An Expert Review of "Match-SRNN: Modeling the Recursive Matching Structure with Spatial RNN"

The paper "Match-SRNN: Modeling the Recursive Matching Structure with Spatial RNN" presents a novel framework for semantic matching by introducing the Match-SRNN architecture. This framework addresses the intricate problem of quantifying the similarity between text pairs, a fundamental task across numerous applications in NLP such as information retrieval and question answering.

The authors propose a recursive approach to model semantic interactions, distinguishing their work from previous hierarchical structures. This recursive matching structure mirrors the dynamic programming approach of solving the longest common subsequence (LCS) problem. Match-SRNN combines a neural tensor network and a spatial recurrent neural network (RNN) to capture both word-level interactions and their recursive composition into a global interaction score.

Key Contributions

  1. Recursive Matching Structure: Unlike traditional models that rely on hierarchical matching, Match-SRNN leverages a recursive process to compute interactions, ensuring both short-range and long-range dependencies are considered efficiently.
  2. Novel Architecture: Match-SRNN integrates word-level interactions using a neural tensor network and employs spatial RNNs to model the recursive structure. The spatial RNN captures the interactions recursively with four types of gating mechanisms. This architecture allows Match-SRNN to approximate and interpret the LCS process by tracking and visualizing the matching paths.
  3. Evaluations and Results: The experiments conducted on tasks such as question answering and paper citation demonstrate Match-SRNN's superior performance compared to existing models like ARC-I, ARC-II, and MV-LSTM. Notably, Match-SRNN improved performance metrics by significant margins, exemplifying its robustness and efficacy in semantic matching tasks.

Methodological Insights

  • Neural Tensor Network: This component captures word-level interactions, which are crucial for resolving semantic mismatches not addressed by simpler cosine or Euclidean measures. The neural tensor network encodes complex relationships between word vectors, facilitating nuanced interaction modeling.
  • Spatial RNN: By applying a spatial (two-dimensional) RNN, Match-SRNN processes word-level interaction tensors, considering previous interactions within its gates. Each position in a text pair is processed as an overview of its word-level interactions and adjacent prefixes, optimizing for global interaction scores.
  • Interpretable Model Dynamics: Match-SRNN's alignment with the LCS dynamic programming process not only enhances interpretability but also offers a theoretical guarantee on its operational semantics. The direct correspondence between recursive modeling and dynamic programming makes it a compelling choice for tasks requiring precise matching.

Practical and Theoretical Implications

Match-SRNN's architecture offers a compelling case for recursive models in semantic matching. Its recursive nature, grounded in traditional sequence algorithms like LCS, ensures robustness in capturing complex interaction patterns. The model's ability to directly visualize learnt matching paths offers indispensable transparency and interpretability, traits that are valuable in AI's deployment in critical domains.

The theoretical basis and empirical success of Match-SRNN suggest several avenues for future research: expanding recursive models beyond bilateral interactions, incorporating contextual information from pre-trained LLMs, and exploring applications in diverse NLP tasks beyond the ones tested. Moreover, scaling the model to handle large datasets and longer text sequences efficiently could enhance its applicability further.

In conclusion, this paper provides a significant contribution to the field of semantic matching in NLP, offering both practical advancements and a novel theoretical approach with the Match-SRNN architecture. By bridging dynamic programming techniques with modern neural structures, it paves the way for enhanced semantic understanding in computational systems.