A fractional space-time optimal control problem: analysis and discretization\

Abstract: We study a linear-quadratic optimal control problem involving a parabolic equation with fractional diffusion and Caputo fractional time derivative of orders $s \in (0,1)$ and $\gamma \in (0,1]$, respectively. The spatial fractional diffusion is realized as the Dirichlet-to-Neumann map for a nonuniformly elliptic operator. Thus, we consider an equivalent formulation with a quasi-stationary elliptic problem with a dynamic boundary condition as state equation. The rapid decay of the solution to this problem suggests a truncation that is suitable for numerical approximation. We consider a fully-discrete scheme: piecewise constant functions for the control and, for the state, first-degree tensor product finite elements in space and a finite difference discretization in time. We show convergence of this scheme and, for $s \in (0,1)$ and $\gamma = 1$, we derive a priori error estimates.