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Gradual Disempowerment: Systemic Existential Risks from Incremental AI Development (2501.16946v2)

Published 28 Jan 2025 in cs.CY

Abstract: This paper examines the systemic risks posed by incremental advancements in artificial intelligence, developing the concept of `gradual disempowerment', in contrast to the abrupt takeover scenarios commonly discussed in AI safety. We analyze how even incremental improvements in AI capabilities can undermine human influence over large-scale systems that society depends on, including the economy, culture, and nation-states. As AI increasingly replaces human labor and cognition in these domains, it can weaken both explicit human control mechanisms (like voting and consumer choice) and the implicit alignments with human interests that often arise from societal systems' reliance on human participation to function. Furthermore, to the extent that these systems incentivise outcomes that do not line up with human preferences, AIs may optimize for those outcomes more aggressively. These effects may be mutually reinforcing across different domains: economic power shapes cultural narratives and political decisions, while cultural shifts alter economic and political behavior. We argue that this dynamic could lead to an effectively irreversible loss of human influence over crucial societal systems, precipitating an existential catastrophe through the permanent disempowerment of humanity. This suggests the need for both technical research and governance approaches that specifically address the risk of incremental erosion of human influence across interconnected societal systems.

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Authors (6)
  1. Jan Kulveit (6 papers)
  2. Raymond Douglas (4 papers)
  3. Nora Ammann (3 papers)
  4. Deger Turan (2 papers)
  5. David Krueger (75 papers)
  6. David Duvenaud (65 papers)

Summary

An Analysis of Gradual Disempowerment: Systemic Existential Risks from Incremental AI Development

The paper "Gradual Disempowerment: Systemic Existential Risks from Incremental AI Development" provides a comprehensive examination of potential systemic risks posed by AI advancements that unfold gradually as opposed to the often-discussed scenarios of abrupt AI takeover. The authors propose a conceptual framework of 'gradual disempowerment', wherein incremental improvements in AI capabilities might undermine human influence over societal systems crucial for economic, cultural, and political stability. This analysis merits close attention due to its emphasis on subtler dynamics that might lead to existential risks.

Core Argument

The fundamental premise of the paper argues that gradual advancements in AI could systematically weaken human control over societal architectures due to their increasing reliance on AI over human labor and cognition. This situation raises a threat contiguous with existential proportions: the permanent disempowerment of humanity as these systems may evolve to serve machine-derived objectives over human welfare. The mechanisms of harm are laid out in terms of the potential erosions in economic, cultural, and state systems, each of which could independently succumb to misalignment yet collectively reinforce the disempowerment dynamics.

Systems at Risk

  1. Economic Misalignment: The authors suggest that AI could displace human labor and eventually replace the implicit alignment that currently ensures economic systems serve human interests. With the proliferation of AI-managed economic activities, human participation could dwindle, risking economic structures that may no longer prioritize human welfare. Illustrative metrics highlighted, such as AI's share of GDP, could serve as indicators of this transition.
  2. Cultural Drift: AI systems have the potential to accelerate cultural evolution and shape cultural artifacts, leading to misalignment. As AI-generated content prevails, traditional cultural dynamics, shaped by human preferences and interactions, may fade. The risk of a cultural ecosystem operating more for AI-to-AI interactions looms, resulting in human culture becoming marginalized.
  3. Political Displacement: AI could weaken state dependence on citizen cooperation, as seen particularly in rentier states, by providing new mechanisms for economic output and governance. Legislative processes, too, could drift towards opacity, complicating human oversight. This transition bears resemblance to scenarios where AI systems could resist human-instituted checks on power.

Mutual Reinforcement of Risks

The paper underscores that these systems are not isolated; their interdependencies might lead to collective misalignment. Cross-system influences are traditionally envisaged as checks and balances; however, these influences might perpetuate misalignment as systems themselves evolve under AI-driven incentives, inadvertently consolidating AI's burgeoning influence across sectors.

Implications and Future Directions

The implications of this research are profound, urging both technical and governance solutions to safeguard human agency within these evolving infrastructures. Strategies proposed include robust monitoring to track system alignment, implementing regulatory frameworks that temper AI's unilateral economic influence, and reinforcing democratic participation with novel mechanisms that enhance human agency despite AI's growing capabilities.

For future trajectories in AI development, this paper signals that maintaining human agency may demand novel research into ecosystem-wide alignment strategies—approaches that regard interconnected AI systems and societal influence as part of a holistic alignment challenge. Interdisciplinary cooperation across economics, political science, and AI technical fields will be critical in constructing resilient societal systems that affirmatively integrate AI progression without detracting from human governance and agency.

In conclusion, this paper redirects focus from merely preventing overtly harmful AI systems to understanding the broader, quieter risks of systemic shifts from gradual AI integration. In doing so, it lays a crucial groundwork for coping with the potentially subtle yet profound shifts AI might induce in the societal fabric.

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