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Fast and Robust Hexahedral Mesh Optimization via Augmented Lagrangian, L-BFGS, and Line Search (2410.11656v3)

Published 15 Oct 2024 in cs.CG, cs.NA, and math.NA

Abstract: We present a new software package, ``HexOpt,'' for improving the quality of all-hexahedral (all-hex) meshes by maximizing the minimum mixed scaled Jacobian-Jacobian energy functional, and projecting the surface points of the all-hex meshes onto the input triangular mesh. The proposed HexOpt method takes as input a surface triangular mesh and a volumetric all-hex mesh. A constrained optimization problem is formulated to improve mesh quality using a novel function that combines Jacobian and scaled Jacobian metrics which are rectified and scaled to quadratic measures, while preserving the surface geometry. This optimization problem is solved using the augmented Lagrangian (AL) method, where the Lagrangian terms enforce the constraint that surface points must remain on the triangular mesh. Specifically, corner points stay exactly at the corner, edge points are confined to the edges, and face points are free to move across the surface. To take the advantage of the Quasi-Newton method while tackling the high-dimensional variable problem, the Limited-Broyden-Fletcher-Goldfarb-Shanno (L-BFGS) algorithm is employed. The step size for each iteration is determined by the Armijo line search. Coupled with smart Laplacian smoothing, HexOpt has demonstrated robustness and efficiency, successfully applying to 3D models and hex meshes generated by different methods without requiring any manual intervention or parameter adjustment.

Summary

  • The paper introduces HexOpt as a novel method that maximizes the minimum mixed scaled Jacobian while rigorously enforcing surface constraints.
  • It employs an augmented Lagrangian approach combined with L-BFGS and Armijo line search to iteratively refine mesh quality and geometric accuracy.
  • HexOpt outperforms previous methods by generating inversion-free meshes, enhancing worst-case metrics, and automating hexahedral mesh optimization.

The discussed paper introduces "HexOpt", a software package designed to optimize the quality of all-hexahedral meshes. It specifically aims to maximize the minimum mixed scaled Jacobian energy functional while ensuring that the surface points of these meshes accurately project onto input triangular meshes. This approach provides a systematic way of addressing both mesh quality and geometric fidelity, making it suitable for applications in fields such as computer graphics, engineering simulations, and medical modeling.

Methodology

HexOpt formulates the mesh optimization as a constrained problem where the goal is to enhance mesh quality by utilizing a newly defined function combining Jacobian and scaled Jacobian metrics. This dual metric is scaled to quadratic measures for robustness. Optimization is executed using the augmented Lagrangian (AL) method to maintain surface constraints, where different mesh points adhere to specific movement rules based on their type — corner, edge, or face.

The optimization process leverages the Limited-Broyden-Fletcher-Goldfarb-Shanno (L-BFGS) algorithm, a quasi-Newton method known for its suitability in high-dimensional spaces due to its efficiency and lower memory requirement. Combined with the Armijo line search, the method iteratively optimizes the mesh quality while maintaining the fidelity of geometric features. Additionally, Laplacian smoothing is employed to improve convergence rates, ensuring that the algorithm swiftly and effectively refines the mesh structure.

Results

The paper provides evidence of HexOpt's efficacy through its application to various 3D models and hex meshes generated by different methods. In each case, the HexOpt technique achieved inversion-free meshes, improved the worst-scaled Jacobian, and adhered precisely to the input surface geometry. It effectively managed to outperform existing methods in terms of the minimum scaled Jacobian achieved, indicating its robustness and efficiency.

Implications

Practically, HexOpt represents a significant step towards automating the production of high-quality hexahedral meshes without manual intervention or parameter adjustment. This is particularly beneficial for industrial applications requiring rapid mesh optimization and generation. Theoretically, the work highlights the effectiveness of combining traditional optimization techniques such as L-BFGS with modern computational geometry applications to solve longstanding issues in mesh generation.

Future Directions

While HexOpt showcases impressive capabilities, there remains room for further exploration. Future research could focus on establishing theoretical guarantees for mesh quality thresholds and convergence, potentially enhancing its applicability to more diverse and complex geometries. Moreover, the software could be expanded to support other types of complex meshing problems, continuing to bolster its utility within both academic research and practical engineering applications.

Overall, HexOpt lays a strong foundation for continued innovation in fast, reliable, and automatic hexahedral mesh optimization. The open-source availability of the software invites collaborative enhancements and experimentation, encouraging the broader computational geometry community to build upon this solid framework.