On orthogonality preserving and reversing operators (2409.12546v3)

Abstract: We study approximately orthogonality (in the sense of Dragomir) preserving and reversing operators. We obtain a complete characterization of approximate orthogonality preserving and reversing operators for a class of operators. Using this characterization, we show that for some orthogonality notations, an operator defined from a finite-dimensional Banach space to a normed linear space is approximately orthogonality preserving/reversing if and only if it is an injective operator. This result implies that for some orthogonality notations, any operator defined from an $n$-dimensional Banach space to another $n$-dimensional Banach space is approximately orthogonality preserving/reversing if and only if it is a scalar multiple of an $\varepsilon$-isometry. We show that any $\varepsilon$-isometry and maps close to $\varepsilon$-isometries defined from a normed linear space to another normed linear space are approximately orthogonality preserving/reversing for some orthogonality notations. We also study the locally approximate orthogonality preserving and reversing operators defined on some finite-dimensional Banach spaces.