Abundances of neutron-capture elements in selected solar-type stars (2407.14808v1)

Abstract: The primary objective of this study is to accurately determine the abundances of Cu, Sr, Y, Zr, Ba, La, and Ce in selected solar-type stars. This will allow us to establish observational abundance-metallicity and abundance-age relations and to explore the reasons for the excess of Ba compared to other s-elements in younger solar-type stars. We analysed HARPS spectra of main-sequence solar-type FGK stars with metallicities from -0.15 to +0.35 dex and ages from 2 to 14 Gyr using 1D LTE synthesis and MARCS atmospheric models. In the procedure of fitting synthetic to observed line profiles, the free parameters included abundance and microturbulent and macroturbulent velocity. The macroturbulent velocity can substantially compensate for NLTE effects in the line core. We find that the abundance [X/H] increases with metallicity and age. The ratio of the abundances of s-process elements [s/Fe] increases with decreasing metallicity and age, while the [Cu/Fe] ratio increases with both metallicity and age. These observed trends agree well with published observational data and with predictions from Galactic chemical evolution models. A small [Ba/Fe] enhancement of 0.08 +/- 0.08 dex has been detected in seven younger stars with an average age of 2.8 +/- 0.6 Gyr. Compared to the abundances of other s-process elements, [Ba/Fe] is 0.07 and 0.08 dex higher than La and Ce on average, respectively. Furthermore, we find that the [Ba/Fe] ratio increases with increasing chromospheric activity. The average [Ba/Fe] for the three most active stars is 0.15 +/- 0.10 dex higher than that of the other stars. Chromospheric activity can significantly alter the physical conditions in the formation layers of the Ba lines. Our primary conclusion is that to account for the observed excess of [Ba/Fe] abundance in younger stars, it is essential to use more complex atmospheric models that incorporate magnetic structures.