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Live2Diff: Live Stream Translation via Uni-directional Attention in Video Diffusion Models (2407.08701v1)

Published 11 Jul 2024 in cs.CV

Abstract: LLMs have shown remarkable efficacy in generating streaming data such as text and audio, thanks to their temporally uni-directional attention mechanism, which models correlations between the current token and previous tokens. However, video streaming remains much less explored, despite a growing need for live video processing. State-of-the-art video diffusion models leverage bi-directional temporal attention to model the correlations between the current frame and all the surrounding (i.e. including future) frames, which hinders them from processing streaming videos. To address this problem, we present Live2Diff, the first attempt at designing a video diffusion model with uni-directional temporal attention, specifically targeting live streaming video translation. Compared to previous works, our approach ensures temporal consistency and smoothness by correlating the current frame with its predecessors and a few initial warmup frames, without any future frames. Additionally, we use a highly efficient denoising scheme featuring a KV-cache mechanism and pipelining, to facilitate streaming video translation at interactive framerates. Extensive experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed attention mechanism and pipeline, outperforming previous methods in terms of temporal smoothness and/or efficiency.

Citations (2)

Summary

  • The paper presents a uni-directional temporal attention mechanism with a warmup phase that allows real-time video stream translation without depending on future frames.
  • Its efficient denoising scheme and depth conditioning preserve spatial consistency and reduce computational redundancy during translation.
  • Extensive evaluations on DAVIS-2017 show low latency and superior performance compared to existing bidirectional attention methods.

An Overview of Live2Diff: Live Stream Translation via Uni-directional Attention in Video Diffusion Models

The paper "Live2Diff: Live Stream Translation via Uni-directional Attention in Video Diffusion Models" presents a pioneering approach towards the application of video diffusion models for real-time video stream translation. The research addresses the limitations of current state-of-the-art bi-directional temporal attention mechanisms that hinder the ability to process streaming videos and introduces a novel uni-directional attention mechanism with a warmup phase for improved efficiency and temporal consistency.

Core Contributions

The core contributions of this paper can be summarized as follows:

  1. Uni-directional Temporal Attention: The paper replaces the conventional bidirectional temporal attention with a uni-directional approach tailored for video streaming. This design prevents dependency on future frames, which is crucial for real-time processing.
  2. Attention Warmup Mechanism: The proposed attention mechanism incorporates an initial set of warmup frames that guide future frames using bi-directional attention before transitioning to a uni-directional approach. This helps in generating contextually relevant frames from the start of the streaming process.
  3. Efficient Denoising Scheme: Leveraging an innovative denoising scheme and a caching mechanism for key (K) and value (V) maps, the method significantly reduces computational redundancy and enhances inference speed.
  4. Depth Conditioning: By integrating depth maps into the denoising pipeline, the approach preserves the spatial consistency of the input video, ensuring a coherent translation of the input content into the desired output style.

Evaluation and Results

The efficacy of Live2Diff is validated through extensive evaluations on the DAVIS-2017 dataset. Key metrics assessed include structure consistency, temporal smoothness, and latency, with experimental results demonstrating the method's superiority over contemporary techniques like StreamDiffusion, Rerender, and FreeNoise.

Quantitative Metrics:

  • The structure consistency is measured by the mean squared difference between the depth maps of input and output frames. Live2Diff achieved the highest performance with an MSE of 1.12, showcasing its ability to maintain spatial structure.
  • Temporal smoothness was evaluated using CLIP scores and warp error. While FreeNoise reported marginally better CLIP scores and warp error, it did so at the cost of impractical latency for real-time applications.

Latency:

  • Live2Diff achieves a latency of 0.06 seconds per frame, closely rivaling StreamDiffusion (0.03 seconds) but significantly outperforming FreeNoise (58.67 seconds) and Rerender (7.72 seconds).

Implications and Future Directions

The introduction of uni-directional attention with warmup in Live2Diff opens up promising avenues for real-time video processing applications. The research demonstrates that techniques successful in LLMs, such as uni-directional attention, can be adapted and effectively applied in video diffusion models.

Practically, the robust performance and low latency of Live2Diff make it suitable for various live-streaming applications, including virtual reality environments, live video editing, and interactive video-based entertainment. The method's ability to maintain both temporal smoothness and structural consistency enhances the viewer's experience by providing visually coherent and stylistically consistent video streams.

Theoretically, this work suggests further exploration into hybrid attention mechanisms that balance the context comprehensiveness of bi-directional models with the efficiency of uni-directional ones. Future research could focus on refining the warmup strategy, optimizing the depth conditioning approach, and extending these principles to other forms of generative models beyond video diffusion.

Additionally, investigating methods to further reduce artifacts and improve the handling of rapidly changing scenes could be beneficial. As the approach is limited by the accuracy of depth estimation, advancements in real-time depth sensing and estimation could directly enhance performance.

In conclusion, Live2Diff represents a significant step forward in the efficient and consistent live translation of video streams. By integrating sophisticated attention mechanisms and leveraging depth information, it sets a new benchmark in the field of video diffusion models, with strong implications for both academic research and practical applications in AI-driven video processing.

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