Joint Transmit and Reflective Beamforming for Multi-Active-IRS-Assisted Cooperative Sensing (2404.13536v1)
Abstract: This paper studies multi-active intelligent-reflecting-surface (IRS) cooperative sensing, in which multiple active IRSs are deployed in a distributed manner to help the base station (BS) provide multi-view sensing. We focus on the scenario where the sensing target is located in the non-line-of-sight (NLoS) area of the BS. Based on the received echo signal, the BS aims to estimate the target's direction-of-arrival (DoA) with respect to each IRS. In addition, we leverage active IRSs to overcome the severe path loss induced by multi-hop reflections. Under this setup, we minimize the maximum Cram\'{e}r-Rao bound (CRB) among all IRSs by jointly optimizing the transmit beamforming at the BS and the reflective beamforming at the multiple IRSs, subject to the constraints on the maximum transmit power at the BS, as well as the maximum transmit power and the maximum power amplification gain at individual IRSs. To tackle the resulting highly non-convex max-CRB minimization problem, we propose an efficient algorithm based on alternating optimization, successive convex approximation, and semi-definite relaxation, to obtain a high-quality solution. Finally, numerical results are provided to verify the effectiveness of our proposed design and the benefits of active IRS-assisted sensing compared to the counterpart with passive IRSs.
- Y. Cui, F. Liu, X. Jing, and J. Mu, “Integrating sensing and communications for ubiquitous IoT: Applications, trends, and challenges,” IEEE Netw., vol. 35, no. 5, pp. 158–167, Sep. 2021.
- F. Liu, Y. Cui, C. Masouros, J. Xu, T. X. Han, Y. C. Eldar, and S. Buzzi, “Integrated sensing and communications: Towards dual-functional wireless networks for 6G and beyond,” IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun., vol. 40, no. 6, pp. 1728–1767, Jun. 2022.
- C. Huang, A. Zappone, G. C. Alexandropoulos, M. Debbah, and C. Yuen, “Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces for energy efficiency in wireless communication,” IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun., vol. 18, no. 8, pp. 4157–4170, Aug. 2019.
- Q. Wu, S. Zhang, B. Zheng, C. You, and R. Zhang, “Intelligent reflecting surface-aided wireless communications: A tutorial,” IEEE Trans. Commun., vol. 69, no. 5, pp. 3313–3351, May 2021.
- X. Song, J. Xu, F. Liu, T. X. Han, and Y. C. Eldar, “Intelligent reflecting surface enabled sensing: Cramér-Rao bound optimization,” IEEE Trans. Signal Process., vol. 71, pp. 2011–2026, May 2023.
- Y. Fang, S. Zhang, X. Li, X. Yu, J. Xu, and S. Cui, “Multi-IRS-enabled integrated sensing and communications,” IEEE Trans. Commun., Early Access, 2024.
- X. Song, X. Qin, J. Xu, and R. Zhang, “Cramér-rao bound minimization for IRS-enabled multiuser integrated sensing and communications,” IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun., Early Access, 2024.
- S. Buzzi, E. Grossi, M. Lops, and L. Venturino, “Foundations of MIMO radar detection aided by reconfigurable intelligent surfaces,” IEEE Trans. Signal Process., vol. 70, pp. 1749–1763, Mar. 2022.
- Z. Zhang, L. Dai, X. Chen, C. Liu, F. Yang, R. Schober, and H. V. Poor, “Active RIS vs. passive RIS: Which will prevail in 6G?” IEEE Trans. Commun., vol. 71, no. 3, pp. 1707–1725, Mar. 2023.
- Z. Kang, C. You, and R. Zhang, “Active-IRS-aided wireless communication: Fundamentals, designs and open issues,” IEEE Wireless Commun., Early Access, 2024.
- A. A. Salem, M. H. Ismail, and A. S. Ibrahim, “Active reconfigurable intelligent surface-assisted MISO integrated sensing and communication systems for secure operation,” IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol., vol. 72, no. 4, pp. 4919–4931, Apr. 2023.
- Y. Zhang, J. Chen, C. Zhong, H. Peng, and W. Lu, “Active IRS-assisted integrated sensing and communication in C-RAN,” IEEE Wireless Commun. Lett., vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 411–415, Mar. 2023.
- Q. Zhu, M. Li, R. Liu, and Q. Liu, “Joint transceiver beamforming and reflecting design for active RIS-aided ISAC systems,” IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol., vol. 72, no. 7, pp. 9636–9640, Jul. 2023.
- B. Zheng, C. You, W. Mei, and R. Zhang, “A survey on channel estimation and practical passive beamforming design for intelligent reflecting surface aided wireless communications,” IEEE Commun. Surv. Tuts., vol. 24, no. 2, pp. 1035–1071, Feb. 2022.
- M. Gavish and A. J. Weiss, “Performance analysis of bearing-only target location algorithms,” IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Sys., vol. 28, no. 3, pp. 817–828, Jul. 1992.
- M. Grant and S. Boyd, “CVX: Matlab software for disciplined convex programming, version 2.1,” 2014.
- Z.-Q. Luo, W.-K. Ma, A. M.-C. So, Y. Ye, and S. Zhang, “Semidefinite relaxation of quadratic optimization problems,” IEEE Signal Process. Mag., vol. 27, no. 3, pp. 20–34, May 2010.
- X. Shao, C. You, W. Ma, X. Chen, and R. Zhang, “Target sensing with intelligent reflecting surface: Architecture and performance,” IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun., vol. 40, no. 7, pp. 2070–2084, Jul. 2022.