Ramification filtration via deformations, II (2402.04053v5)

Abstract: Let $\mathcal K$ be a field of formal Laurent series with coefficients in a finite field of characteristic $p$. For $M\ge 1$, let $\mathcal G_{<p,M}$ be the maximal quotient of the Galois group of $\mathcal K$ of period $p^M$ and nilpotent class $<p$ and ${\mathcal G_{<p,M}^{(v)}}_{v\geqslant 0}$ -- the ramification subgroups in upper numbering. Let $\mathcal G_{<p,M}=G(\mathcal L)$ be the identification of nilpotent Artin-Schreier theory: here $G(\mathcal L)$ is the group obtained from a suitable profinite Lie $\mathbb{Z}/p^M$-algebra $\mathcal L$ via the Campbell-Hausdorff composition law. We develop new techniques to obtain a ``geometrical'' construction of the ideals $\mathcal L^{(v)}$ such that $G(\mathcal L^{(v)})=\mathcal G_{<p,M}^{(v)}$. Given $v_0\geqslant 1$, we construct a decreasing central filtration $\mathcal L(w)$, $1\leqslant w\leqslant p$, on $\mathcal L$, an epimorphism of Lie $\mathbb{Z}/p^M$-algebras $\bar{\mathcal V}:\bar{\mathcal L}^{\dag }\to \bar{\mathcal L}:=\mathcal L/\mathcal L(p)$, and a unipotent action $\Omega $ of $\mathbb{Z} /p^M$ on $\bar{\mathcal L}^{\dag }$, which induces the identity action on $\bar{\mathcal L}$. Suppose $d\Omega =B^{\dag }$, where $B^{\dag }\in\operatorname{Diff}\bar{\mathcal L}^{\dag }$, and $\bar{\mathcal L}^{\dag [v_0]}$ is the ideal of $\bar{\mathcal L}^{\dag }$ generated by the elements of $B^{\dag }(\bar{\mathcal L}^{\dag })$. Our main result states that the ramification ideal $\mathcal L^{(v_0)}$ appears as the preimage of the ideal in $\bar{\mathcal L}$ generated by $\bar{\mathcal V}B^{\dag }(\bar{\mathcal L}^{\dag [v_0]})$. In the last section we apply this to the explicit construction of generators of $\bar{\mathcal L}^{(v_0)}$. The paper justifies a geometrical origin of ramification subgroups of $\Gamma _K$ and can be used for further developing of non-abelian local class field theory.