Papers
Topics
Authors
Recent
Gemini 2.5 Flash
Gemini 2.5 Flash
134 tokens/sec
GPT-4o
10 tokens/sec
Gemini 2.5 Pro Pro
47 tokens/sec
o3 Pro
4 tokens/sec
GPT-4.1 Pro
38 tokens/sec
DeepSeek R1 via Azure Pro
28 tokens/sec
2000 character limit reached

Near-Space Communications: the Last Piece of 6G Space-Air-Ground-Sea Integrated Network Puzzle (2401.00283v2)

Published 30 Dec 2023 in cs.IT, eess.SP, and math.IT

Abstract: This article presents a comprehensive study on the emerging near-space communications (NS-COM) within the context of space-air-ground-sea integrated network (SAGSIN). Specifically, we firstly explore the recent technical developments of NS-COM, followed by the discussions about motivations behind integrating NS-COM into SAGSIN. To further demonstrate the necessity of NS-COM, a comparative analysis between the NS-COM network and other counterparts in SAGSIN is conducted, covering aspects of deployment, coverage, channel characteristics and unique problems of NS-COM network. Afterwards, the technical aspects of NS-COM, including channel modeling, random access, channel estimation, array-based beam management and joint network optimization, are examined in detail. Furthermore, we explore the potential applications of NS-COM, such as structural expansion in SAGSIN communication, civil aviation communication, remote and urgent communication, weather monitoring and carbon neutrality. Finally, some promising research avenues are identified, including stratospheric satellite (StratoSat) -to-ground direct links for mobile terminals, reconfigurable multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) and holographic MIMO, federated learning in NS-COM networks, maritime communication, electromagnetic spectrum sensing and adversarial game, integrated sensing and communications, StratoSat-based radar detection and imaging, NS-COM assisted enhanced global navigation system, NS-COM assisted intelligent unmanned system and free space optical (FSO) communication. Overall, this paper highlights that the NS-COM plays an indispensable role in the SAGSIN puzzle, providing substantial performance and coverage enhancement to the traditional SAGSIN architecture.

Definition Search Book Streamline Icon: https://streamlinehq.com
References (94)
  1. “Framework and overall objectives of the future development of IMT for 2020 and beyond” In ITU-R M.2083, 2015
  2. “Beginning of the journey toward 6G: Vision and framework” In IEEE Communications Magazine 61.10, 2023, pp. 8–9 DOI: 10.1109/MCOM.2023.10298069
  3. “Compressive sensing techniques for next-generation wireless communications” In IEEE Wireless Communications 25.3, 2018, pp. 144–153 DOI: 10.1109/MWC.2017.1700147
  4. “6G enabled advanced transportation systems” In arXiv e-prints, 2023, pp. arXiv:2305.15184 DOI: 10.48550/arXiv.2305.15184
  5. “Airplane-aided integrated networking for 6G wireless: Will it work?” In IEEE Vehicular Technology Magazine 14.3, 2019, pp. 84–91 DOI: 10.1109/MVT.2019.2921244
  6. “Space-air-ground integrated network: A survey” In IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials 20.4, 2018, pp. 2714–2741 DOI: 10.1109/COMST.2018.2841996
  7. “Integrated scheduling of sensing, communication, and control for mmWave/THz communications in cellular connected UAV networks” In IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications 40.7, 2022, pp. 2103–2113 DOI: 10.1109/JSAC.2022.3157366
  8. “LEO satellite constellations for 5G and beyond: How will they reshape vertical domains?” In IEEE Communications Magazine 59.7, 2021, pp. 30–36 DOI: 10.1109/MCOM.001.2001081
  9. “Joint HAP access and LEO satellite backhaul in 6G: Matching game-based approaches” In IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications 39.4, 2021, pp. 1147–1159 DOI: 10.1109/JSAC.2020.3018824
  10. Gunes Karabulut Kurt and Halim Yanikomeroglu “Communication, computing, caching, and sensing for next-generation aerial delivery networks: Using a high-altitude platform station as an enabling technology” In IEEE Vehicular Technology Magazine 16.3, 2021, pp. 108–117 DOI: 10.1109/MVT.2021.3086081
  11. “Designing and implementing future aerial communication networks” In IEEE Communications Magazine 54.5, 2016, pp. 26–34 DOI: 10.1109/MCOM.2016.7470932
  12. “Energy-efficient multi-UAV coverage deployment in UAV networks: A game-theoretic framework” In China Communications 15.10, 2018, pp. 194–209 DOI: 10.1109/CC.2018.8485481
  13. “Near space communications: A new regime in space-air-ground integrated networks” In IEEE Wireless Communications 29.6, 2022, pp. 38–45 DOI: 10.1109/MWC.001.2200142
  14. “Terahertz-band near-space vommunications: From a physical-layer perspective” In IEEE Communications Magazine, 2022, pp. 1–7 DOI: 10.1109/MCOM.004.2200429
  15. “Stratospheric satellites for Earth science applications” In IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium 1, 2002, pp. 362–364 vol.1 DOI: 10.1109/IGARSS.2002.1025040
  16. “High-altitude platform stations as international mobile telecommunications base stations: A primer on HIBS” In IEEE Vehicular Technology Magazine 17.4, 2022, pp. 92–100 DOI: 10.1109/MVT.2022.3202004
  17. “UAV control in smart city based on space-air-ground integrated network” In 2021 International Conference on Internet, Education and Information Technology (IEIT), 2021, pp. 324–328 DOI: 10.1109/IEIT53597.2021.00077
  18. Zero2infinity “Elevate project” In www.zero2infinity.space/ elevate/, 2023
  19. Shanzhi Chen, Shaohui Sun and Shaoli Kang “System integration of terrestrial mobile communication and satellite communication —the trends, challenges and key technologies in B5G and 6G” In China Communications 17.12, 2020, pp. 156–171 DOI: 10.23919/JCC.2020.12.011
  20. “Multi-UAV cooperative localization for marine targets based on weighted subspace fitting in SAGIN environment” In IEEE Internet of Things Journal 9.8, 2022, pp. 5708–5718 DOI: 10.1109/JIOT.2021.3066504
  21. Thales “What’s up with stratobus?” In www.thalesgroup.com/ en/worldwide/space/news/whats-stratobus, 2017
  22. “Can high altitude platform stations make 6G sustainable?” In IEEE Communications Magazine 60.9, 2022, pp. 75–80 DOI: 10.1109/MCOM.002.2101048
  23. Xianbin Cao, Peng Yang and Xiaoning Su “Survey on near-space information networks: Channel modeling, networking, and transmission perspectives” DOI: https://arxiv.org/abs/2310.09025
  24. Sourjya Dutta, Frank Hsieh and Frederick W. Vook “HAPS based communication using mmWave bands” In ICC 2019 - 2019 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC), 2019, pp. 1–6 DOI: 10.1109/ICC.2019.8761640
  25. Ian F. Akyildiz, Josep Miquel Jornet and Chong Han “TeraNets: Ultra-broadband communication networks in the terahertz band” In IEEE Wireless Communications 21.4, 2014, pp. 130–135 DOI: 10.1109/MWC.2014.6882305
  26. Chong Han, A. Ozan Bicen and Ian F. Akyildiz “Multi-wideband waveform design for distance-adaptive wireless communications in the terahertz band” In IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing 64.4, 2016, pp. 910–922 DOI: 10.1109/TSP.2015.2498133
  27. Chong Han and Ian F. Akyildiz “Distance-aware bandwidth-adaptive resource allocation for wireless systems in the terahertz band” In IEEE Transactions on Terahertz Science and Technology 6.4, 2016, pp. 541–553 DOI: 10.1109/TTHZ.2016.2569460
  28. “Physics-based prediction of atmospheric transfer characteristics at terahertz frequencies” In IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 67.4, 2019, pp. 2136–2141 DOI: 10.1109/TAP.2019.2902423
  29. “Terahertz band: The last piece of RF spectrum puzzle for communication systems” In IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society 1, 2020, pp. 1–32 DOI: 10.1109/OJCOMS.2019.2953633
  30. Ian F. Akyildiz, Chong Han and Shuai Nie “Combating the distance problem in the millimeter wave and terahertz frequency bands” In IEEE Communications Magazine 56.6, 2018, pp. 102–108 DOI: 10.1109/MCOM.2018.1700928
  31. “Transformer-empowered 6G intelligent networks: From massive MIMO processing to semantic communication” In IEEE Wireless Communications 30.6, 2023, pp. 127–135 DOI: 10.1109/MWC.008.2200157
  32. “Data-driven deep learning based hybrid beamforming for aerial massive MIMO-OFDM systems with implicit CSI” In IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications 40.10, 2022, pp. 2894–2913 DOI: 10.1109/JSAC.2022.3196064
  33. “Integrated sensing and communication with mmWave massive MIMO: A compressed sampling perspective” In IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications 22.3, 2023, pp. 1745–1762 DOI: 10.1109/TWC.2022.3206614
  34. “Cooperative MIMO channel modeling and multi-link spatial correlation properties” In IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications 30.2, 2012, pp. 388–396 DOI: 10.1109/JSAC.2012.120218
  35. Emmanouel T. Michailidis and Athanasios G. Kanatas “Three-dimensional HAP-MIMO channels: Modeling and analysis of space-time correlation” In IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology 59.5, 2010, pp. 2232–2242 DOI: 10.1109/TVT.2010.2042629
  36. Alenka G. Zajić “Impact of moving scatterers on vehicle-to-vehicle narrow-band channel characteristics” In IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology 63.7, 2014, pp. 3094–3106 DOI: 10.1109/TVT.2014.2299239
  37. “A stochastic spatial channel model based on wave-propagation modeling” In IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications 18.1, 2000, pp. 6–15 DOI: 10.1109/49.821698
  38. Zhuxian Lian, Lingge Jiang and Chen He “A 3-D wideband model based on dynamic evolution of scatterers for HAP-MIMO channel” In IEEE Communications Letters 21.3, 2017, pp. 684–687 DOI: 10.1109/LCOMM.2016.2637908
  39. “A 3-D HAP-MIMO channel model based on dynamic properties of scatterers” In 2017 9th International Conference on Wireless Communications and Signal Processing (WCSP), 2017, pp. 1–5 DOI: 10.1109/WCSP.2017.8171024
  40. “Compressive sensing-based joint activity and data detection for grant-free massive IoT access” In IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications 21.3, 2022, pp. 1851–1869 DOI: 10.1109/TWC.2021.3107576
  41. “Joint activity and blind information detection for UAV-assisted massive IoT access” In IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications 40.5, 2022, pp. 1489–1508 DOI: 10.1109/JSAC.2022.3143255
  42. “Compressive sensing-based grant-free massive access for 6G massive communication” In IEEE Internet of Things Journal, 2023, pp. 1–1 DOI: 10.1109/JIOT.2023.3334878
  43. “Quasi-synchronous random access for massive MIMO-based LEO satellite constellations” In IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications 41.6, 2023, pp. 1702–1722 DOI: 10.1109/JSAC.2023.3273699
  44. “Massive access in cell-free massive MIMO-based Internet of Things: Cloud computing and edge computing paradigms” In IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications 39.3, 2021, pp. 756–772 DOI: 10.1109/JSAC.2020.3018807
  45. “Compressive sensing-based adaptive active user detection and channel estimation: Massive access meets massive MIMO” In IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing 68, 2020, pp. 764–779 DOI: 10.1109/TSP.2020.2967175
  46. “A unified design of massive access for cellular Internet of Things” In IEEE Internet of Things Journal 6.2, 2019, pp. 3934–3947 DOI: 10.1109/JIOT.2019.2893376
  47. “Cooperative activity detection: Sourced and unsourced massive random access paradigms” In IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing 68, 2020, pp. 6578–6593 DOI: 10.1109/TSP.2020.3039342
  48. “Multiuser detection via compressive sensing” In IEEE Communications Letters 16.7, 2012, pp. 972–974 DOI: 10.1109/LCOMM.2012.050112.111980
  49. Yury Polyanskiy “A perspective on massive random-access” In 2017 IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory (ISIT), 2017, pp. 2523–2527 DOI: 10.1109/ISIT.2017.8006984
  50. “Low complexity schemes for the random access Gaussian channel” In 2017 IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory (ISIT), 2017, pp. 2528–2532 DOI: 10.1109/ISIT.2017.8006985
  51. “Next-generation URLLC with massive devices: A unified semi-blind detection framework for sourced and unsourced random access” In IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications 41.7, 2023, pp. 2223–2244 DOI: 10.1109/JSAC.2023.3280981
  52. “Model-driven deep learning based channel estimation and feedback for millimeter-wave massive hybrid MIMO systems” In IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications 39.8, 2021, pp. 2388–2406 DOI: 10.1109/JSAC.2021.3087269
  53. “Efficient channel estimation for aerial wireless communications” In IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems 55.6, 2019, pp. 2774–2785 DOI: 10.1109/TAES.2019.2894892
  54. “Terahertz ultra-massive MIMO-based aeronautical communications in space-air-ground integrated networks” In IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications 39.6, 2021, pp. 1741–1767 DOI: 10.1109/JSAC.2021.3071834
  55. “Cumulant based blind channel estimation and equalization in aeronautical telemetry channel” In 2019 International Conference on Range Technology (ICORT), 2019, pp. 1–4 DOI: 10.1109/ICORT46471.2019.9069646
  56. “MIMO satellite communication systems: A survey from the PHY layer perspective” In IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials 25.3, 2023, pp. 1543–1570 DOI: 10.1109/COMST.2023.3294873
  57. “The multiple spot beam antenna project “Medusa”” In 2009 3rd European Conference on Antennas and Propagation, 2009, pp. 726–729
  58. “Multibeam antennas for very high throughput satellites in Europe: Technologies and trends” In 2017 11th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EUCAP), 2017, pp. 2413–2417 DOI: 10.23919/EuCAP.2017.7928493
  59. “A Survey on millimeter-wave beamforming enabled UAV communications and networking” In IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials 24.1, 2022, pp. 557–610 DOI: 10.1109/COMST.2021.3124512
  60. Weizheng Zhang, Wei Zhang and Jun Wu “UAV beam alignment for highly mobile millimeter wave communications” In IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology 69.8, 2020, pp. 8577–8585 DOI: 10.1109/TVT.2020.2997740
  61. “Multiple-antenna aided aeronautical communications in air-ground integrated networks: Channel estimation, reliable transmission, and multiple access” In IEEE Wireless Communications, 2023, pp. 1–8 DOI: 10.1109/MWC.014.2200414
  62. “Hybrid knowledge-data driven channel semantic acquisition and beamforming for cell-free massive MIMO” In IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Signal Processing 17.5, 2023, pp. 964–979 DOI: 10.1109/JSTSP.2023.3299175
  63. “Beamforming and band allocation for satellite and high-altitude platforms cognitive systems” In IEEE Wireless Communications Letters 11.11, 2022, pp. 2330–2334 DOI: 10.1109/LWC.2022.3202641
  64. Shasha Liu, Hayssam Dahrouj and Mohamed-Slim Alouini “Joint user association and beamforming in integrated satellite-HAPS-ground networks” In IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 2023, pp. 1–17 DOI: 10.1109/TVT.2023.3329168
  65. “Joint optimization of wireless power transfer and collaborative beamforming for relay communications” In 2018 IEEE Globecom Workshops (GC Wkshps), 2018, pp. 1–6 DOI: 10.1109/GLOCOMW.2018.8644171
  66. “User equipment beamforming for massive MIMO based stratospheric communications” In GLOBECOM 2017 - 2017 IEEE Global Communications Conference, 2017, pp. 1–6 DOI: 10.1109/GLOCOM.2017.8255106
  67. “An edge computing paradigm for massive IoT connectivity over high-altitude platform networks” In IEEE Wireless Communications 28.5, 2021, pp. 102–109 DOI: 10.1109/MWC.221.2100092
  68. “Project Loon: Innovating the connectivity worldwide” In 2017 2nd IEEE International Conference on Recent Trends in Electronics, Information & Communication Technology (RTEICT), 2017, pp. 1778–1784 DOI: 10.1109/RTEICT.2017.8256905
  69. “Taara - X, The Moonshot Factory”, https://x.company/projects/taara/
  70. “FSO-based vertical backhaul/fronthaul framework for 5G+ wireless networks” In IEEE Communications Magazine 56.1, 2018, pp. 218–224 DOI: 10.1109/MCOM.2017.1600735
  71. “Terahertz massive MIMO with holographic reconfigurable intelligent surfaces” In IEEE Transactions on Communications 69.7, 2021, pp. 4732–4750 DOI: 10.1109/TCOMM.2021.3064949
  72. “Grant-free NOMA-OTFS paradigm: Enabling efficient ubiquitous access for LEO satellite internet-of-things” In IEEE Network 37.1, 2023, pp. 18–26 DOI: 10.1109/MNET.003.2200445
  73. “Active terminal identification, channel estimation, and signal detection for grant-free NOMA-OTFS in LEO satellite Internet-of-Things” In IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications 22.4, 2023, pp. 2847–2866 DOI: 10.1109/TWC.2022.3214862
  74. “High altitude platform station based super macro base station constellations” In IEEE Communications Magazine 59.1, 2021, pp. 103–109 DOI: 10.1109/MCOM.001.2000542
  75. “A study on cell configuration for HAPS mobile communications” In 2019 IEEE 89th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2019-Spring), 2019, pp. 1–6 DOI: 10.1109/VTCSpring.2019.8746491
  76. Daniel T. Fokum and Victor S. Frost “A survey on methods for broadband internet access on trains” In IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials 12.2, 2010, pp. 171–185 DOI: 10.1109/SURV.2010.021110.00060
  77. “Statistical modeling of the high altitude platform dual-polarized MIMO propagation channel” In China Communications 14.3, 2017, pp. 43–54 DOI: 10.1109/CC.2017.7897321
  78. “Integrated services from high-altitude platforms: a flexible communication system” In IEEE Communications Magazine 44.2, 2006, pp. 85–94 DOI: 10.1109/MCOM.2006.1593555
  79. “Poster: Unsupervised learning for extreme space weather detection based on spectrograms” In 2022 IEEE/ACM 7th Symposium on Edge Computing (SEC), 2022, pp. 320–321 DOI: 10.1109/SEC54971.2022.00046
  80. Dimov Stojce Ilcev and Sihle Sicelo Sibiya “Weather observation via stratospheric platform stations” In 2015 IST-Africa Conference, 2015, pp. 1–12 DOI: 10.1109/ISTAFRICA.2015.7190585
  81. Guo-Qing Jiang, Jing Xu and Jun Wei “A deep learning algorithm of neural network for the parameterization of typhoon-ocean feedback in typhoon forecast models” In Geophysical Research Letters 45.8 Wiley Online Library, 2018, pp. 3706–3716
  82. “Technologies and perspectives for achieving carbon neutrality” In The Innovation 2.4 Elsevier, 2021
  83. Xianhua Wu, Zhiqing Tian and Ji Guo “A review of the theoretical research and practical progress of carbon neutrality” In Sustainable Operations and Computers 3 Elsevier, 2022, pp. 54–66
  84. “Low earth orbit satellite communication supporting direct connection with mobile phones: Key technologies, recent progress and future directions” In IEEE Vehicular Technology Magazine 14.3, 2019, pp. 84–91 DOI: 10.1109/MVT.2019.2921244
  85. “Enhancement of satellite-to-phone link budget: An approach using distributed beamforming” In IEEE Vehicular Technology Magazine IEEE, 2023
  86. “Enhancement of satellite-to-phone link budget by using distributed beamforming” In arXiv e-prints, 2023, pp. arXiv:2308.04818 DOI: 10.48550/arXiv.2308.04818
  87. “Reconfigurable massive MIMO: Harnessing the power of the electromagnetic domain for enhanced information transfer” In IEEE Wireless Communications 1.1, 2023, pp. 1–8 DOI: 10.1109/MWC.014.2200418
  88. “Achievable rate maximization pattern design for reconfigurable MIMO antenna array” In IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, 2023, pp. 1–1 DOI: 10.1109/TWC.2023.3238069
  89. Mehedi Hasan, İsrafil Bahçeci and Bedri A. Cetiner “Downlink multi-user MIMO transmission for radiation pattern reconfigurable antenna systems” In IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications 17.10, 2018, pp. 6448–6463 DOI: 10.1109/TWC.2018.2859972
  90. “Efficient channel estimation for reconfigurable MIMO antennas: Training techniques and performance analysis” In IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications 16.1, 2017, pp. 565–580 DOI: 10.1109/TWC.2016.2626291
  91. “Deep learning-based rate-splitting multiple access for reconfigurable intelligent surface-aided tera-hertz massive MIMO” In IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications 41.5 IEEE, 2023, pp. 1431–1451
  92. “Intelligent omni surface-assisted self-interference cancellation for full-duplex MISO system” In IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, 2023, pp. 1–1 DOI: 10.1109/TWC.2023.3297071
  93. “STAR-RIS-assisted-full-duplex jamming design for secure wireless communications system” In arXiv e-prints, 2023 DOI: 10.48550/arXiv.2309.04566
  94. “Free-space optical communication: From space to ground and ocean” In IEEE Potentials 40.6, 2021, pp. 18–23 DOI: 10.1109/MPOT.2020.2979057
Citations (4)
View on Semantic Scholar

Summary

We haven't generated a summary for this paper yet.

Ai Sparkles Streamline Icon: https://streamlinehq.com Summarize Now