Long-Term Rate-Fairness-Aware Beamforming Based Massive MIMO Systems (2312.05557v1)
Abstract: This is the first treatise on multi-user (MU) beamforming designed for achieving long-term rate-fairness in fulldimensional MU massive multi-input multi-output (m-MIMO) systems. Explicitly, based on the channel covariances, which can be assumed to be known beforehand, we address this problem by optimizing the following objective functions: the users' signal-toleakage-noise ratios (SLNRs) using SLNR max-min optimization, geometric mean of SLNRs (GM-SLNR) based optimization, and SLNR soft max-min optimization. We develop a convex-solver based algorithm, which invokes a convex subproblem of cubic time-complexity at each iteration for solving the SLNR maxmin problem. We then develop closed-form expression based algorithms of scalable complexity for the solution of the GMSLNR and of the SLNR soft max-min problem. The simulations provided confirm the users' improved-fairness ergodic rate distributions.
- L. D. Nguyen, H. D. Tuan, T. Q. Duong, and H. V. Poor, “Multi-user regularized zero-forcing beamforming,” IEEE Trans. Signal Process., vol. 67, no. 11, pp. 2839–2853, Jun. 2019.
- L. D. Nguyen, H. D. Tuan, T. Q. Duong, H. V. Poor, and L. Hanzo, “Energy-efficient multi-cell massive MIMO subject to minimum user-rate constraints,” IEEE Trans. Commun., vol. 69, no. 2, pp. 914–928, Feb. 2021.
- A. M. Sayeed, “Deconstructing multiantenna fading channels,” IEEE Trans. Signal Process., vol. 50, no. 10, pp. 2563–2579, Oct. 2002.
- A. Adhikary, J. Nam, J. Ahn, and G. Caire, “Joint spatial division and multiplexing: The large-scale array regime,” IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory, vol. 59, no. 10, pp. 6441–6463, Oct. 2013.
- E. Bjornson, R. Zakhour, D. Gesbert, and B. Ottersten, “Cooperative multicell precoding: Rate region characterization and distributed strategies with instantaneous and statistical CSI,” IEEE Trans. Signal Process., vol. 58, no. 8, pp. 4298–4310, Aug. 2010.
- C. Zhang, Y. Huang, Y. Jing, S. Jin, and L. Yang, “Sum-rate analysis for massive MIMO downlink with joint statistical beamforming and user scheduling,” IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun., vol. 16, no. 4, pp. 2181–2194, Apr. 2017.
- X. Li, C. Li, S. Jin, and X. Gao, “Interference coordination for 3-D beamforming-based hetnet exploiting statistical channel-state information,” IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun., vol. 17, no. 10, pp. 6887–6900, Oct. 2018.
- S. Qiu, D. Gesbert, D. Chen, and T. Jiang, “A covariance-based hybrid channel feedback in FDD massive MIMO systems,” IEEE Trans. Commun., vol. 67, no. 12, pp. 8365–8377, Dec. 2019.
- H. Liu, X. Yuan, and Y. J. Zhang, “Statistical beamforming for FDD downlink massive MIMO via spatial information extraction and beam selection,” IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun., vol. 18, no. 7, pp. 4617–4631, Jul. 2020.
- X. Li, Z. Liu, N. Qin, and S. Jin, “FFR based joint 3D beamforming interference coordination for multi-cell FD-MIMO downlink transmission systems,” IEEE Trans. Veh. Techn., vol. 69, no. 3, pp. 3015–3118, Mar. 2020.
- M. Sadek, A. Tarighat, and A. H. Sayed, “A leakage-based precoding scheme for downlink multi-user MIMO channels,” IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun., vol. 7, no. 5, pp. 1711–1721, May 2007.
- K. Mullen, “A note on the ratio of two independent random variables,” Amer. Stat., vol. 21, no. 3, pp. 30–31, Jun. 1967.
- R. Zhang and L. Hanzo, “Cooperative downlink multicell preprocessing relying on reduced-rate back-haul data exchange,” IEEE Trans. Veh. Techn., vol. 60, no. 2, pp. 539–545, Feb 2011.
- J. Park, G. Lee, Y. Sung, and M. Yukawa, “Coordinated beamforming with relaxed zero forcing: The sequential orthogonal projection combining method and rate control,” IEEE Trans. Signal Process, vol. 61, no. 12, pp. 3100–3112, Jun. 2013.
- D. Kim, G. Lee, and Y. Sung, “Two-stage beamformer design for massive MIMO downlink by trace quotient formulation,” IEEE Trans. Commun., vol. 63, no. 6, pp. 2200–2211, Jun. 2015.
- X. Li, S. Jin, X. Gao, and R. W. Heath, “Three-dimensional beamforming for large-scale FD-MIMO systems exploiting statistical channel state information,” IEEE Trans. Veh. Techn., vol. 65, no. 11, pp. 8992–9005, Nov. 2016.
- Y. Song, C. Liu, W. Wang, N. Cheng, M. Wang, W. Zhuang, and X. Shen, “Domain selective precoding in 3-D massive MIMO systems,” IEEE J. Select. Topics Signal Process., vol. 13, no. 5, pp. 1103–1117, May 2019.
- A. Lozano, “Long-term transmit beamforming for wireless multicasting,” in Proc. 2007 IEEE Int. Conf. Acoust. Speech Signal Process. (ICASSP 07), 2007, pp. III–417–III–420.
- Y.-P. Lin, “Hybrid MIMO-OFDM beamforming for wideband mmWave channels without instantaneous feedback,” IEEE Trans. Signal Process., vol. 66, no. 19, pp. 5142–5151, Oct. 2018.
- D. Ying, F. W. Vook, T. A. Thomas, D. J. Love, and A. Ghosh, “Kronecker product correlation model and limited feedback codebook design in a 3D channel model,” in Proc. 2014 IEEE Inter. Conf. Commun. (ICC), 2014, pp. 5865–5870.
- Q.-U.-A. Nadeem, A. Kammoun, and M.-S. Alouini, “Elevation beamforming with full dimension MIMO architectures in 5G systems: A tutorial,” IEEE Commun. Surv. Tut., vol. 21, no. 4, pp. 3238–3273, 2019.
- W. Zhu, H. D. Tuan, E. Dutkiewicz, Y. Fang, and L. Hanzo, “Low-complexity Pareto-optimal 3D beamforming for the full-dimensional multi-user massive MIMO downlink,” IEEE Trans. Veh. Tech., vol. 72, no. 7, pp. 8869–8885, Jul. 2023.
- A. Alkhateeb, G. Leus, and R. W. Heath, “Multi-layer precoding: A potential solution for full-dimensional massive MIMO systems,” IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun., vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 5810–5824, Mar. 2017.
- J. Kang, O. Simeone, J. Kang, and S. Shamai, “Layered downlink precoding for C-RAN systems with full dimensional MIMO,” IEEE Trans. Veh. Techn., vol. 66, no. 3, pp. 2170–2182, Mar. 2017.
- Z. Wang, W. Liu, C. Qian, S. Chen, and L. Hanzo, “Two-dimensional precoding for 3-D massive MIMO,” IEEE Trans. Veh. Techn., vol. 66, no. 6, pp. 5488–5493, Jun. 2017.
- H. Yu, H. D. Tuan, E. Dutkiewicz, H. V. Poor, and L. Hanzo, “Maximizing the geometric mean of user-rates to improve rate-fairness: Proper vs. improper Gaussian signaling,” IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun., vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 295–309, Jan. 2022.
- H. D. Tuan, A. A. Nasir, H. Q. Ngo, E. Dutkiewicz, and H. V. Poor, “Scalable user rate and energy-efficiency optimization in cell-free massive MIMO,” IEEE Trans. Commun., vol. 70, no. 9, pp. 6050–6065, Sept. 2022.
- W. Zhu, H. D. Tuan, E. Dutkiewicz, and L. Hanzo, “Collaborative beamforming aided fog radio access networks,” IEEE Trans. Veh. Techn., vol. 71, no. 7, pp. 7805–7820, Jul. 2022.
- 3GPP, “Study on channel model for frequencies from 0.5 to 100 GHz,” 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France, Tech. Rep. TR 38.901 (V14.2.0), Sep. 2017. [Online]. Available: http:// www.3gpp.org/.
- P. Patcharamaneepakorn, S. Armour, and A. Doufex, “On the equivalence between SLNR and MMSE precoding schemes with single-antenna receivers,” IEEE Commun. Lett., vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 1034–1037, Mar. 2012.
- E. Bjornson and E. Jorswieck, “Optimal resource allocation in coordinated multi-cell systems,” Found. Trends Commun. Inf. Theory, vol. 9, no. 23, pp. 113–381, 2013.
- R. Jain, D.-M. Chiu, and W. R. Hawe, “A quantitative measure of fairness and discrimination for resource allocation in shared computer systems,” Digital Equipment, Tech. Rep. DEC-TR-301, Sept. 1984.
- H. H. M. Tam, H. D. Tuan, and D. T. Ngo, “Successive convex quadratic programming for quality-of-service management in full-duplex MU-MIMO multicell networks,” IEEE Trans. Commun., vol. 64, no. 6, pp. 2340–2353, Jun. 2016.