Infrared single-cycle pulse induced high-energy plateaus in high-order harmonic spectroscopy

Abstract: Motivated by the emerging experiments [e.g. \textit{Z. Nie et al. Nat. Photon. \textbf{12}, 489 (2018)}] on producing infrared (IR) single cycle pulses in the spectral region 5 - 14 $\mu m$, we theoretically investigate their role for controlling high-order harmonic generation (HHG) process induced by an intense near-infrared (NIR) multi-cycle pulse ($\lambda$ = 1.27 $\mu m$). The scenario is demonstrated for a prototype of the hydrogen atom by numerical simulations of the time-dependent Schr\"odinger equation. In particular, we show that the combined pulses allow one to generate even-order harmonics and most importantly to produce high-energy plateaus and that the harmonic cutoff is extended by a factor of 3 compared to the case with the NIR pulse alone. The emerged high-energy plateaus is understood as a result of a vast momentum transfer from the single-cycle field to the ionized electrons while travelling in the NIR field, and thus leading to high-momentum electron recollisions. We also identify the role of the IR single-cycle field for controlling the directionality of the emitted electrons via the IR-field induced electron displacement effect. We further show that the emerged plateaus can be controlled by varying the relative carrier-envelope phase between the two pulses as well as their wavelengths. Thus, our findings open up new perspectives for time-resolved electron diffraction using an IR single-cycle field-assisted high-harmonic spectroscopy.