Borel Combinatorics of Locally Finite Graphs (2009.09113v3)

Abstract: We provide a gentle introduction, aimed at non-experts, to Borel combinatorics that studies definable graphs on topological spaces. This is an emerging field on the borderline between combinatorics and descriptive set theory with deep connections to many other areas. After giving some background material, we present in careful detail some basic tools and results on the existence of Borel satisfying assignments: Borel versions of greedy algorithms and augmenting procedures, local rules, Borel transversals, etc. Also, we present the construction of Andrew Marks of acyclic Borel graphs for which the greedy bound $\Delta+1$ on the Borel chromatic number is best possible. In the remainder of the paper we briefly discuss various topics such as relations to LOCAL algorithms, measurable versions of Hall's marriage theorem and of Lov\'asz Local Lemma, applications to equidecomposability, etc.