Performance Analysis of C-V2X Mode 4 Communication Introducing an Open-Source C-V2X Simulator (1907.09977v1)

Abstract: Autonomous vehicles, on the ground and in the air, are the next big evolution in human mobility. While autonomous driving in highway scenarios is already possible using only the vehicles sensors, the complex scenarios of big cities with all its different traffic participants is still a vision. Cellular Vehicle-to-Everything (C-V2X) communication is a necessary enabler of this vision and and an emerging field of interest in today's research. However, to the best of our knowledge open source simulators essential for open research do not exist yet. In this work we present our open source C-V2X mode 4 simulator based on the discrete-event network simulator ns-3. To analyze the performance of C-V2X mode 4 using our simulator, we created a worst case scenario and the 3GPP reference Manhattan grid scenario using the microscopic traffic simulator SUMO. We also added the WINNER+ B1 channel model to ns-3, as this is also used by 3GPP. Our results show, that C-V2X is scalable to 250 vehicles within a worst case scenario on a playground of 100 m x 100 m, with respect to the LTE rel. 14 V2X requirements. For the more realistic Manhattan grid scenario, the performance is better, as to be expected. We also analyzed the Packet Inter-Reception time with an outcome of max. 100 ms for more than 99 % of all transmissions. In addition, we investigated the impact of the Resource Reservation Period and the Resource Reselection Probability on the system's Packet Reception Ratio.

• The paper introduces an open-source C-V2X Mode 4 simulator integrated with ns-3 and SUMO to enable reproducible performance analysis.
• The paper evaluates both static worst-case and dynamic urban Manhattan scenarios, focusing on key metrics like Packet Reception Ratio and Inter-Reception times.
• The paper demonstrates that increased bandwidth and optimized resource management strategies lead to improved vehicular communication reliability.

Performance Analysis of C-V2X Mode 4 Communication Introducing an Open-Source C-V2X Simulator

The paper "Performance Analysis of C-V2X Mode 4 Communication Introducing an Open-Source C-V2X Simulator" presents a comprehensive paper on Cellular Vehicle-to-Everything (C-V2X) communication, particularly focusing on Mode 4's performance analysis via a newly developed open-source simulation tool. Authored by Fabian Eckermann, Moritz Kahlert, and Christian Wietfeld, the research is an important contribution to vehicular communication, leveraging both simulation and analytical performance verification.

The researchers introduce an open-source C-V2X simulator based on the ns-3, a discrete-event network simulator, to model and evaluate Mode 4, a decentralized communication mode in C-V2X. This simulator fills a notable gap since open-source tools for such applications were previously unavailable, limiting the ability of researchers to conduct studies accessible for verification and enhancement by others.

Key Contributions and Methodology

1. Open Source C-V2X Simulator: The authors have developed and shared a C-V2X Mode 4 simulator as an extension of the ns-3 framework. The simulator integrates with the SUMO traffic simulator for mobility simulation and includes an implementation of the WINNER+ B1 channel model to align with the 3GPP specifications.
2. Scenarios and Simulation Setup: Two primary scenarios are evaluated: a static worst-case scenario on a 100m x 100m grid and a more dynamic urban Manhattan grid scenario based on the 3GPP reference. These scenarios are used to evaluate scalability and performance in high-density vehicular environments.
3. Performance Metrics: The paper primarily assesses the Packet Reception Ratio (PRR) and Packet Inter-Reception (PIR) times. The PRR measures successful packet deliveries over specific distances, while PIR evaluates the time between consecutive successfully received packets.

Results Overview

• Scalability: In the static worst-case scenario, the simulator demonstrates scalability to 250 vehicles in a constrained environment. Under realistic conditions in the Manhattan grid setup, performance improves, achieving high PRR values even at maximum vehicle densities tested.
• Effects of Bandwidth and Resource Configuration: The analysis shows better packet reception rates with increased bandwidth (20 MHz) compared to the standard 10 MHz. Furthermore, the paper deals with the implications of varying the Resource Reservation Period and the Resource Reselection Probability, both crucial factors influencing network performance levels.
• Resource Management: A higher Resource Reselection Probability degrades system performance, emphasizing the need for optimized resource management strategies under high communication loads.

Implications and Future Work

The paper's findings have substantial theoretical and practical implications. The availability of this open-source tool enables further refinement and application by researchers across varied scenarios, potentially accelerating advancements in the field of V2X communications. Moreover, the insights gained regarding resource allocation and scheduling can inform strategies to enhance vehicular network reliability and latency performance.

Future work highlighted by the authors involves implementing additional modes such as Mode 3 and extending simulations to real-world scenarios. The research is foundational, providing a validated and transparent platform for studying C-V2X communications, critical as the industry continues to develop autonomous and cooperative driving technologies.

In conclusion, this paper makes significant strides in understanding and optimizing C-V2X communications, offering a valuable resource for the broader research community engaged in vehicular networks.