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Controlling magnetism in 2D CrI3 by electrostatic doping (1802.07355v1)

Published 20 Feb 2018 in cond-mat.mtrl-sci

Abstract: The atomic thickness of two-dimensional (2D) materials provides a unique opportunity to control material properties and engineer new functionalities by electrostatic doping. Electrostatic doping has been demonstrated to tune the electrical and optical properties of 2D materials in a wide range, as well as to drive the electronic phase transitions. The recent discovery of atomically thin magnetic insulators has opened up the prospect of electrical control of magnetism and new devices with unprecedented performance. Here we demonstrate control of the magnetic properties of monolayer and bilayer CrI3 by electrostatic doping using a dual-gate field-effect device structure. In monolayer CrI3, doping significantly modifies the saturation magnetization, coercive force and Curie temperature, showing strengthened (weakened) magnetic order with hole (electron) doping. Remarkably, in bilayer CrI3 doping drastically changes the interlayer magnetic order, causing a transition from an antiferromagnetic ground state in the pristine form to a ferromagnetic ground state above a critical electron density. The result reveals a strongly doping-dependent interlayer exchange coupling, which enables robust switching of magnetization in bilayer CrI3 by small gate voltages.

Citations (897)

Summary

  • The paper demonstrates that dual-gate electrostatic doping modulates key magnetism metrics in monolayer CrI3, achieving up to 75% change in coercive force, 40% in saturation magnetization, and 20% in Curie temperature.
  • It reveals that a critical electron density around 2.6×10¹² cm⁻² induces a phase shift from antiferromagnetic to ferromagnetic order in bilayer CrI3.
  • Numerical results highlight potential for low-power, high-speed spintronic devices and deepen understanding of 2D magnetic interactions at the atomic scale.

Electrostatic Doping for Manipulation of Magnetism in 2D CrI3

The advancement of two-dimensional (2D) materials has offered unprecedented opportunities in controlling material properties through electrostatic doping. This paper by Jiang et al. explores the potential to control magnetic properties by manipulating the electronic environment of 2D chromium triiodide (CrI3) using a dual-gate field-effect device.

The authors demonstrate the ability to tune the saturation magnetization, coercive force, and Curie temperature of monolayer CrI3, showing that hole doping strengthens the magnetic order while electron doping weakens it. Importantly, the achieved tuning ranges are significantly high with variations up to approximately 75%, 40%, and 20% for coercive force, saturation magnetization, and Curie temperature, respectively. This paper presents a linear dependence between doping level and the magnetic properties of monolayer CrI3, setting a foundation for leveraging electrostatic doping for further exploration into 2D magnetic systems.

Beyond the monolayer, the researchers identify a remarkable change in bilayer CrI3's interlayer magnetic order. They show that a critical electron density instigates a phase transition from an antiferromagnetic (AFM) to a ferromagnetic (FM) ground state. This transition is marked by the vanishing of the AFM phase when an electron density around 2.6×10¹² cm⁻² is reached, offering a novel mechanism to modulate interlayer magnetic interactions in bilayer structures through doping.

Numerical results exhibited significant shifts in magnetization properties with direct implications for fabricating low-power, high-speed magnetic devices compatible with traditional semiconductor technology. The possibility for switching magnetization in bilayer CrI3 between FM and AFM states using electrostatic doping significantly surpasses prior methodologies based on magneto-electric effects and demonstrates the versatility and efficiency of this new approach.

This research suggests new avenues for 2D spintronics and memory devices with controllable magnetic phases. Theoretical exploration into the microscopic mechanisms behind the observed phenomena can deepen our understanding of magnetic interactions under doping conditions. Insights into these mechanism may illuminate pathways for optimizing ferromagnetic coupling and address discrepancies seen in theoretical models of CrI3 band structure.

Overall, the exploration of electrostatic control in 2D magnetic systems like CrI3 offers a promising strategic approach not only for technical applications but also for expanding current theoretical models of electronic-magnetic interactions at the atomic scale. Future research may capitalize on these findings to broaden the scope of materials and coupling scenarios through electrostatic means, further bridging the gap between electronic manipulation and practical device engineering.