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Balancing Information Exposure in Social Networks (1709.01491v2)

Published 5 Sep 2017 in cs.SI and physics.soc-ph

Abstract: Social media has brought a revolution on how people are consuming news. Beyond the undoubtedly large number of advantages brought by social-media platforms, a point of criticism has been the creation of echo chambers and filter bubbles, caused by social homophily and algorithmic personalization. In this paper we address the problem of balancing the information exposure in a social network. We assume that two opposing campaigns (or viewpoints) are present in the network, and that network nodes have different preferences towards these campaigns. Our goal is to find two sets of nodes to employ in the respective campaigns, so that the overall information exposure for the two campaigns is balanced. We formally define the problem, characterize its hardness, develop approximation algorithms, and present experimental evaluation results. Our model is inspired by the literature on influence maximization, but we offer significant novelties. First, balance of information exposure is modeled by a symmetric difference function, which is neither monotone nor submodular, and thus, not amenable to existing approaches. Second, while previous papers consider a setting with selfish agents and provide bounds on best response strategies (i.e., move of the last player), we consider a setting with a centralized agent and provide bounds for a global objective function.

Citations (65)

Summary

  • The paper introduces a symmetric difference function to balance opposing information exposure and mitigate echo chambers in social networks.
  • It employs greedy algorithms to approximate solutions for an NP-hard problem, validated through Twitter datasets on contentious topics.
  • Experimental results show a significant reduction in unbalanced vertex exposure, enhancing balanced digital interactions.

An Analytical Examination of Balancing Information Exposure in Social Networks

The paper "Balancing Information Exposure in Social Networks" addresses the echo chambers and filter bubbles prevalent in social media networks due to algorithmic personalization and social homophily. The authors propose methods to balance information exposure between two opposing campaigns or viewpoints within a social network. This problem is encapsulated within the broader theme of influence propagation and seeks to mitigate the effects of polarization seen in social media interactions.

Formal Problem Definition and Solution Approach

The paper formulates the problem by posing the task of identifying two sets of nodes such that the overall exposure to information from two opposing campaigns in a network is balanced. Traditional models such as influence maximization provide a foundational framework, yet this paper advances a unique symmetric difference function approach to quantify balance. This objective function is neither monotone nor submodular, distinguishing it significantly from the standard practices where monotonicity and submodularity afford certain computational advantages, like approximation guarantees.

The authors develop algorithms to approximate the solution to this problem, despite its NP-hard nature. These methods incorporate greedy approaches, exploiting the decomposition of the objective function into subcomponents that capture various exposure contributions. Furthermore, the paper meticulously dissects the complexities and proposes algorithms with specific approximation guarantees for networks characterized by heterogeneous and correlated propagation probabilities.

Experimental Evaluation

The authors perform experimental evaluations using Twitter datasets across various contentious topics such as US elections, Brexit, and others. They employ simulation-based methods to ascertain the effectiveness of their proposed algorithms against multiple heuristic baselines. The results illustrate the practical feasibility and efficiency of the proposed algorithms, noting significant improvements in balanced information exposure compared to the baseline methods.

Numerical Strengths and Claims

A notable numerical result emerges as the paper demonstrates a reduction in symmetric difference (unbalanced vertex exposure) using their proposed algorithms. This improvement is quantitatively validated against heuristic benchmarks. Moreover, the deployment of approximation algorithms manages this reduction while respecting budgetary constraints within the network settings.

Implications and Future Directions

This paper contributes to both theoretical understanding and practical application in the field of AI-driven social media interactions. It underscores the necessity of a centralized approach in situations traditionally governed by competing selfish agents. The analytical models it introduces could inspire further studies on computational methods to manage social polarization.

Potential directions for future work include extending this framework to scenarios involving more than two campaigns and refining the approximation techniques for better computational performance. Such advancements are likely to bolster the capabilities of AI systems to mediate information better and foster more balanced digital interactions globally.

In conclusion, the paper offers a nuanced view into managing information exposure in networks susceptible to polarization. While engaging in the complexities of real-world social structures, it provides foundational algorithms and theoretical insights poised to influence future AI developments addressing digital echo chambers.

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