- The paper argues that quantum theory can be understood deterministically, primarily through the many-worlds interpretation, challenging the widespread view of inherent quantum randomness.
- It examines various quantum interpretations and theorems, asserting the wave function's ontic nature to support deterministic models and counter arguments for indeterminism.
- The paper implies that adopting a deterministic, many-worlds perspective could fundamentally shift how nonlocality, randomness, and quantum phenomena are understood in research and education.
An Analysis of "Quantum Theory and Determinism"
The paper authored by L. Vaidman presents a comprehensive review and argument surrounding the nature of determinism within quantum theory. It explores various interpretations of quantum mechanics and critically analyzes the common perception that quantum mechanics inherently supports an indeterministic view of nature. Vaidman's perspective advocates for a deterministic understanding through the lens of the many-worlds interpretation (MWI), suggesting it as the most coherent and attractive approach for explaining quantum phenomena.
Historical Context and Perspectives
The introduction discusses historical sentiments where quantum mechanics is often seen as introducing randomness into the fabric of physical theory. Vaidman challenges this view, referencing prominent figures such as Lord Kelvin, Leibniz, and Einstein, who grappled with deterministic principles. He traces philosophical roots and analyzes philosophical objections that arose in light of quantum mechanics and its probabilistic nature.
Deterministic Views and Models
Central to Vaidman's thesis is the assertion that quantum theory can support a deterministic framework, with the MWI being the most compelling. This interpretation dispenses with the randomness and collapse postulated by other interpretations like the Copenhagen Interpretation. In the MWI, the universe is seen to continually split into multiple parallel worlds, thus allowing deterministic evolution at the cost of introducing ontic parallel worlds to account for observed randomness.
Examination of Indeterminism Arguments
Vaidman explores arguments against determinism presented by the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle, the Kochen-Specker theorem, and the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) paradox. These are often cited as illustrations of inherent quantum randomness or non-locality, but Vaidman counters by examining deterministic theories like Bohmian mechanics, which evade these by employing hidden variables and denying wave function collapse.
Ontology of the Quantum Wave Function
A significant portion is dedicated to discussing the nature of the quantum wave function itself. Vaidman asserts that it should be considered ontic, as evidenced by PBR theorem and other developments. He critiques epistemic attempts to consider the wave function as merely a statistical tool, arguing in favor of its realist interpretation.
Collapse Models and Bohmian Mechanics
The paper evaluates various collapse models, notably GRW theory, arguing that while they offer deterministic evolution without multiple worlds, they introduce randomness externally. In contrast, Bohmian mechanics is treated as a deterministic model that retains the quantum wave, but sacrifices locality due to action at a distance through non-local pilot waves.
Illusion of Randomness
Vaidman acknowledges the appearance of randomness in quantum measurements but attributes this to the illusion arising from the observer's limited interaction with one world within the multiple worlds framework. While observers experience probabilities, these should be viewed as self-location probabilities in the MWI, not genuine indeterminacies.
Implications for Future Developments
The paper theoretically, and in certain aspects practically, endorses the many-worlds view as superior due to its deterministic nature and absence of collapse. The implication is that quantum mechanics should be reconsidered in educational and scientific discourse to align with this interpretation. Vaidman speculates on the potential developments in understanding nonlocality, coherence, and quantum computing, fundamentally altering methodologies in quantum research.
Conclusion
Vaidman's paper ultimately serves as a strong argument for the feasibility and desirability of deterministic quantum mechanics when approached through MWI. He advocates eliminating nonlocalities and randomness through understanding the wave function's complete ontology. The paper challenges entrenched views, seeking to shift philosophical and physical paradigms towards a deterministic understanding of quantum mechanics.