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Accelerated Gradient Methods for Nonconvex Nonlinear and Stochastic Programming (1310.3787v1)

Published 14 Oct 2013 in math.OC

Abstract: In this paper, we generalize the well-known Nesterov's accelerated gradient (AG) method, originally designed for convex smooth optimization, to solve nonconvex and possibly stochastic optimization problems. We demonstrate that by properly specifying the stepsize policy, the AG method exhibits the best known rate of convergence for solving general nonconvex smooth optimization problems by using first-order information, similarly to the gradient descent method. We then consider an important class of composite optimization problems and show that the AG method can solve them uniformly, i.e., by using the same aggressive stepsize policy as in the convex case, even if the problem turns out to be nonconvex. We demonstrate that the AG method exhibits an optimal rate of convergence if the composite problem is convex, and improves the best known rate of convergence if the problem is nonconvex. Based on the AG method, we also present new nonconvex stochastic approximation methods and show that they can improve a few existing rates of convergence for nonconvex stochastic optimization. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that the convergence of the AG method has been established for solving nonconvex nonlinear programming in the literature.

Citations (560)

Summary

  • The paper extends Nesterov’s accelerated gradient method to nonconvex and stochastic settings, achieving optimal convergence rates with aggressive stepsize policies.
  • It generalizes the AG framework for composite optimization by preserving robust convergence even when nonsmooth components are present.
  • Novel stochastic approximation techniques are introduced, offering superior performance for nonconvex optimization and guiding future empirical studies.

Overview of Accelerated Gradient Methods for Nonconvex Nonlinear and Stochastic Programming

The paper in discussion extends the well-established Nesterov's Accelerated Gradient (AG) method, traditionally applied to convex and smooth optimization problems, to address nonconvex and potentially stochastic optimization problems. This generalization seeks to enhance the utility of AG methods in solving a broader class of problems, including those that arise in nonlinear and stochastic programming, a significant departure from the method's initial convex-only assumption.

The authors demonstrate that by determining an appropriate stepsize policy, the AG method can achieve the best-known convergence rates for general nonconvex smooth optimization tasks using first-order information. This aligns the AG method's performance with that of the standard gradient descent method for nonconvex problems, thereby offering a more accelerated alternative.

Contributions and Methodology

  • Generalization of AG Method: The paper's fundamental contribution is generalizing the AG method to nonconvex and stochastic contexts. The authors achieve this by introducing an appropriate framework where an aggressive stepsize policy can be uniformly applied, even if the problem is nonconvex.
  • Composite Optimization: The research considers composite optimization problems, which include both smooth and nonsmooth components. The authors assert that the AG method maintains its robust convergence rates by employing similar stepsize policies as it does in convex scenarios, particularly emphasizing its potential improvement in nonconvex settings.
  • Stochastic Approximation Methods: Developing new stochastic approximation methods based on the AG method, the authors show enhanced convergence properties for nonconvex stochastic optimization, which are superior to some existing methods.
  • Numerical Results and Assumptions: The paper includes rigorous mathematical proofs and assumptions that support the claims, such as boundedness assumptions and complexity bounds, thereby contributing significantly to the theoretical foundations of optimization in computer science.

Implications and Future Work

This research has profound implications both in practical and theoretical aspects of optimization. Practically, it opens new possibilities for applying fast first-order methods to a broader range of large-scale optimization problems encountered in machine learning, particularly in areas involving sparse optimization and other nonconvex issues.

Theoretically, the paper provides a considerable improvement in our understanding of complexity bounds for nonconvex optimization and helps confirm that the AG method retains its accelerated pace even when expanded beyond convex settings. Future work may explore empirical evaluations of this modified AG method across various real-world applications, potentially leading to more refined strategies in stepsize determination and further enhancements to handle diverse problem classes in nonlinear programming.

By bridging the gap between the theoretically robust AG method and the nuances of nonconvex and stochastic programming, this paper paves the way for more efficient solution strategies in multi-faceted optimization landscapes.