Non-constant bounded holomorphic functions of hyperbolic numbers - Candidates for hyperbolic activation functions

Abstract: The Liouville theorem states that bounded holomorphic complex functions are necessarily constant. Holomorphic functions fulfill the socalled Cauchy-Riemann (CR) conditions. The CR conditions mean that a complex $z$-derivative is independent of the direction. Holomorphic functions are ideal for activation functions of complex neural networks, but the Liouville theorem makes them useless. Yet recently the use of hyperbolic numbers, lead to the construction of hyperbolic number neural networks. We will describe the Cauchy-Riemann conditions for hyperbolic numbers and show that there exists a new interesting type of bounded holomorphic functions of hyperbolic numbers, which are not constant. We give examples of such functions. They therefore substantially expand the available candidates for holomorphic activation functions for hyperbolic number neural networks. Keywords: Hyperbolic numbers, Liouville theorem, Cauchy-Riemann conditions, bounded holomorphic functions