Geometry of Almost-Conserved Quantities in Symplectic Maps. Part II: Recovery of approximate invariant (2505.07224v1)

Abstract: Noether's theorem, which connects continuous symmetries to exact conservation laws, remains one of the most fundamental principles in physics and dynamical systems. In this work, we draw a conceptual parallel between two paradigms: the emergence of exact invariants from continuous symmetries, and the appearance of approximate invariants from discrete symmetries associated with reversibility in symplectic maps. We demonstrate that by constructing approximating functions that preserve these discrete symmetries order by order, one can systematically uncover hidden structures, closely echoing Noether's framework. The resulting functions serve not only as diagnostic tools but also as compact representations of near-integrable behavior. The second article applies the method to global dynamics, with a focus on large-amplitude motion and chaotic systems. We demonstrate that the approximate invariants, once averaged, accurately capture the structure of resonances and the boundaries of stability regions. We also explore the recovery of exact invariants in integrable cases, showing that the method reproduces the correct behavior when such structure is present. A single unified function, derived from the map coefficients, yields phase portraits, rotation numbers, and tune footprints that closely match numerical tracking across wide parameter ranges. Comparisons with the Square Matrix method reveal that while both approaches satisfy local constraints, our technique provides greater accuracy and robustness in resonant and strongly nonlinear regimes. These results highlight the method's practical power and broad relevance, offering a compact, analytic framework for organizing nonlinear dynamics in symplectic maps with direct applications to beam physics and beyond.