Papers
Topics
Authors
Recent
Gemini 2.5 Flash
Gemini 2.5 Flash
133 tokens/sec
GPT-4o
7 tokens/sec
Gemini 2.5 Pro Pro
46 tokens/sec
o3 Pro
4 tokens/sec
GPT-4.1 Pro
38 tokens/sec
DeepSeek R1 via Azure Pro
28 tokens/sec
2000 character limit reached

FAIRGAME: a Framework for AI Agents Bias Recognition using Game Theory (2504.14325v2)

Published 19 Apr 2025 in cs.AI

Abstract: Letting AI agents interact in multi-agent applications adds a layer of complexity to the interpretability and prediction of AI outcomes, with profound implications for their trustworthy adoption in research and society. Game theory offers powerful models to capture and interpret strategic interaction among agents, but requires the support of reproducible, standardized and user-friendly IT frameworks to enable comparison and interpretation of results. To this end, we present FAIRGAME, a Framework for AI Agents Bias Recognition using Game Theory. We describe its implementation and usage, and we employ it to uncover biased outcomes in popular games among AI agents, depending on the employed LLM and used language, as well as on the personality trait or strategic knowledge of the agents. Overall, FAIRGAME allows users to reliably and easily simulate their desired games and scenarios and compare the results across simulation campaigns and with game-theoretic predictions, enabling the systematic discovery of biases, the anticipation of emerging behavior out of strategic interplays, and empowering further research into strategic decision-making using LLM agents.

Summary

  • The paper introduces FAIRGAME, a framework leveraging game theory, particularly the Prisoner's Dilemma, to systematically recognize bias in AI agents through simulations and tailored experimental configurations.
  • FAIRGAME employs a flexible methodology utilizing JSON configuration files for game setup, multilingual prompt templates, and an LLM-based automated translation mechanism to ensure experimental consistency and fidelity.
  • Experimental variants of the Prisoner's Dilemma are analyzed to assess AI behavior across diverse settings, providing valuable insights for AI governance, ethical bias detection, and future developments in cooperative AI systems.

A Framework for AI Agents Bias Recognition using Game Theory

The supplementary material "FAIRGAME: a Framework for AI Agents Bias Recognition using Game Theory" provides a comprehensive exploration of a framework designed to recognize bias in AI agents through application of game-theoretic principles. This document presents supplementary insights, tools, and configurations pivotal for the understanding of experiments conducted in the central paper, which utilizes the Prisoner's Dilemma as a primary model.

Methodological Framework

FAIRGAME is grounded in the conceptualization of agent-based game theoretical models to simulate and analyze interactions between artificial intelligence systems. The framework employs the well-known Prisoner's Dilemma as a scenario to assess bias, leveraging a configuration structure that allows the tuning of various parameters necessary for tailored experimental setups. Key components include:

  • Configuration File Structure: The framework uses JSON configuration files to set up games, specifying aspects like number of rounds, language preferences, and agent personalities. These files facilitate extensive modeling flexibility, enabling different permutations of agent characteristics and probabilities of agent personality knowledge.
  • Prompt Templates: The framework utilizes specific prompt templates tailored to guide agent decision-making within the defined scenarios. These templates are translated into multiple languages to ensure consistency in communication across varied linguistic contexts.
  • Automated Translation Mechanism: Central to maintaining the integrity of experiments across languages, FAIRGAME integrates an LLM-based translation component that ensures semantic fidelity while preserving structural format, mitigating biases introduced by language variation.

Experimental Variants and Analysis

The paper implements different versions of the Prisoner's Dilemma—conventional, harsh, and mild—to assess the variability of outcomes across game types. Insightful graphical representations such as box plots present penalty distributions, allowing researchers to interpret AI behavior across diverse settings and model configurations.

Implications and Future Directions

The implications of FAIRGAME extend to practical applications in AI governance and bias detection. By furnishing a systematic method to analyze AI agent interactions, the framework contributes to understanding the inherent biases embedded within AI systems, offering a pathway towards more ethical AI deployment. The approach invites further speculation on AI's ability to navigate complex social scenarios, enhancing collaborative decision-making processes.

Theoretically, FAIRGAME prompts considerations around the evolution of cooperative strategies and the role of personality modeling in AI agent design. The flexibility and adaptability of agents as analyzed through FAIRGAME can serve as a basis for future developments in autonomous systems and the exploration of fairness dynamics in AI ecosystems.

In conclusion, the supplementary material for FAIRGAME provides valuable resources for expanding the comprehension of AI-agent bias through structured game simulations. It offers a robust platform for researchers to engage with the intricacies of bias recognition and strategic modeling, paving the way for advanced exploration in cooperative AI systems.