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MoM: Linear Sequence Modeling with Mixture-of-Memories (2502.13685v2)

Published 19 Feb 2025 in cs.CL, cs.AI, and cs.LG

Abstract: Linear sequence modeling methods, such as linear attention, state space modeling, and linear RNNs, offer significant efficiency improvements by reducing the complexity of training and inference. However, these methods typically compress the entire input sequence into a single fixed-size memory state, which leads to suboptimal performance on recall-intensive downstream tasks. Drawing inspiration from neuroscience, particularly the brain's ability to maintain robust long-term memory while mitigating "memory interference", we introduce a novel architecture called Mixture-of-Memories (MoM). MoM utilizes multiple independent memory states, with a router network directing input tokens to specific memory states. This approach greatly enhances the overall memory capacity while minimizing memory interference. As a result, MoM performs exceptionally well on recall-intensive tasks, surpassing existing linear sequence modeling techniques. Despite incorporating multiple memory states, the computation of each memory state remains linear in complexity, allowing MoM to retain the linear-complexity advantage during training, while constant-complexity during inference. Our experimental results show that MoM significantly outperforms current linear sequence models on downstream language tasks, particularly recall-intensive tasks, and even achieves performance comparable to Transformer models. The code is released at https://github.com/OpenSparseLLMs/MoM and is also released as a part of https://github.com/OpenSparseLLMs/Linear-MoE.

Summary

  • The paper introduces the MoM architecture that mitigates memory interference in linear sequence models by using multiple, independent memory states with a router network.
  • Empirical results demonstrate that MoM surpasses traditional linear models on recall-based tasks while preserving linear training time and constant inference complexity.
  • The study paves the way for future research on scalable, efficient architectures and hybrid approaches that integrate Transformer elements with the MoM design.

Examination of "MoM: Linear Sequence Modeling with Mixture-of-Memories"

This paper introduces a noteworthy advancement in the field of efficient sequence modeling by proposing the Mixture-of-Memories (MoM) architecture. The new approach addresses key limitations of existing linear models, particularly their reduced memory capacity and vulnerability to memory interference due to extreme compression of sequence information.

Overview of MoM Architecture

MoM improves upon existing linear sequence modeling methods such as linear attention, state space modeling, and linear RNNs, which typically compress input sequences into a single fixed-size memory state. Such compression limits the potential for recall-intensive tasks, which rely heavily on the capacity to retain new information while not overwriting existing data. MoM allows for the use of multiple independent memory states, directed by a router network guiding inputs to specific memory states. This design parallels biological mechanisms observed in the brain, evidenced by the functionality of theta-gamma oscillations in the hippocampus, enabling separate storage and retrieval processes to reduce memory interference.

Strong Computational and Empirical Results

The paper discusses how MoM retains linear time complexity advantages during training and constant complexity during inference, thanks to its architectural innovations. Despite involving multiple memory states, the MoM architecture does not incur additional computational complexity compared to existing linear models. Empirical results reveal that MoM significantly outperforms conventional linear models in various language tasks, particularly those requiring strong recall, like FDA, SWDE, SQuAD, and others, where it occasionally rivals traditional Transformer models' performance. These results are supported by detailed benchmarking across different model scales, showing MoM's enhanced memory management and retrieval capabilities.

Implications and Future Directions

The implications of MoM extend broadly within the field of AI, enhancing applications that demand efficient, scalable models capable of handling long context sequences and intensive recall-based tasks. With the ability to mitigate memory interference while maintaining computational efficiency, MoM could influence the development of applications in natural language processing, automated reasoning, and potentially other modalities, including vision and audio, where sequence modeling is critical.

Future developments could explore further refinements in the memory routing and updating mechanisms of MoM, including integrating more sophisticated memory management strategies or learning-to-rank methods to optimize memory utilization. Additionally, investigating hybrid approaches that combine Transformer and MoM paradigms could yield architectures inheriting the benefits of both models, further balancing complexity and capacity.

In conclusion, the Mixture-of-Memories offers a compelling advancement in the ongoing effort to design efficient and effective sequence models. By enhancing memory capacity without sacrificing computational efficiency, MoM sets the stage for further explorations into more adaptive and scalable sequence modeling architectures in the rapidly evolving field of AI.

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