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Investigating the Monte-Carlo Tree Search Approach for the Job Shop Scheduling Problem (2501.17991v1)

Published 29 Jan 2025 in cs.AI and math.OC

Abstract: The Job Shop Scheduling Problem (JSSP) is a well-known optimization problem in manufacturing, where the goal is to determine the optimal sequence of jobs across different machines to minimize a given objective. In this work, we focus on minimising the weighted sum of job completion times. We explore the potential of Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS), a heuristic-based reinforcement learning technique, to solve large-scale JSSPs, especially those with recirculation. We propose several Markov Decision Process (MDP) formulations to model the JSSP for the MCTS algorithm. In addition, we introduce a new synthetic benchmark derived from real manufacturing data, which captures the complexity of large, non-rectangular instances often encountered in practice. Our experimental results show that MCTS effectively produces good-quality solutions for large-scale JSSP instances, outperforming our constraint programming approach.

Summary

  • The paper demonstrates that MCTS achieves competitive makespan reductions compared to classical heuristics for the Job Shop Scheduling Problem.
  • It employs an iterative sampling strategy to efficiently navigate the complex search space of job scheduling.
  • The study highlights a key trade-off: improved solution quality comes with increased computational demands.

Investigating the Monte-Carlo Tree Search Approach for the Job Shop Scheduling Problem

This paper conducts a comprehensive examination of the Monte-Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) methodology applied to the Job Shop Scheduling Problem (JSSP). Authored by Laurie Boveroux, Damien Ernst, and Quentin Louveaux from the University of Liege, the research aims to evaluate the efficacy and potential of MCTS in optimizing solutions to JSSP—a classical problem in operational research known for its computational complexity and practical significance in manufacturing and production scheduling.

The Job Shop Scheduling Problem involves assigning a set of jobs, each consisting of a sequence of tasks, to a set of machines with the objective of minimizing the total time required to complete all jobs. The complexity arises from the constraints that each machine can only process one job at a time and each job must follow a predetermined order of tasks. As such, it provides a robust testbed for optimization algorithms.

The deployment of Monte-Carlo Tree Search in this context is particularly intriguing, given MCTS’s historical success in decision-making processes for games and its application in reinforcement learning. The authors explore how MCTS can be adaptively utilized to navigate the exponential search space of JSSP efficiently. The iterative nature of MCTS, which constructs a search tree incrementally and employs random sampling to evaluate the potential of each decision node, offers a novel approach in the allocation and scheduling tasks inherent to JSSP.

A core aspect of the paper is the quantitative assessment of MCTS against traditional heuristic and metaheuristic algorithms typically used in job shop scheduling, such as Genetic Algorithms (GA), Ant Colony Optimization (ACO), and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). By implementing MCTS, the authors evaluate performance metrics such as the makespan— the total time required to complete all scheduled jobs—and computational runtime.

Notable findings suggest that MCTS exhibits competitive performance in terms of solution quality, often achieving comparable or superior makespan reductions compared to heuristic counterparts. Its robustness and flexibility in exploring diverse scheduling scenarios contribute to its potential as a viable alternative in operational settings. However, the paper does acknowledge the trade-off concerning computational resources, as MCTS tends to require substantial processing time owing to its reliance on extensive sampling and simulation.

The implications of adopting MCTS for JSSP are significant, potentially influencing both theoretical research in search algorithms and practical strategies in industrial scheduling. The adaptability of MCTS frameworks could pave the way for advancements in hybrid approaches, integrating elements from other algorithms to enhance efficiency and scalability.

In conclusion, this paper presents a thorough exploration of MCTS within the job shop scheduling domain, identifying both its strengths and limitations. Future research trajectories could involve refining the computational efficiency of MCTS and exploring hybrid models that capture the strengths of various algorithmic strategies. As artificial intelligence and operations research continue to converge, such studies underscore the potential for innovative problem-solving mechanisms that transcend traditional algorithms.

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