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Establishing a New Benchmark in Quantum Computational Advantage with 105-qubit Zuchongzhi 3.0 Processor (2412.11924v1)

Published 16 Dec 2024 in quant-ph

Abstract: In the relentless pursuit of quantum computational advantage, we present a significant advancement with the development of Zuchongzhi 3.0. This superconducting quantum computer prototype, comprising 105 qubits, achieves high operational fidelities, with single-qubit gates, two-qubit gates, and readout fidelity at 99.90%, 99.62% and 99.18%, respectively. Our experiments with an 83-qubit, 32-cycle random circuit sampling on Zuchongzhi 3.0 highlight its superior performance, achieving one million samples in just a few hundred seconds. This task is estimated to be infeasible on the most powerful classical supercomputers, Frontier, which would require approximately $6.4\times 109$ years to replicate the task. This leap in processing power places the classical simulation cost six orders of magnitude beyond Google's SYC-67 and SYC-70 experiments [Nature 634, 328(2024)], firmly establishing a new benchmark in quantum computational advantage. Our work not only advances the frontiers of quantum computing but also lays the groundwork for a new era where quantum processors play an essential role in tackling sophisticated real-world challenges.

Summary

  • The paper establishes a new quantum computational benchmark by demonstrating 105 qubits with high operational fidelities.
  • The paper employs innovative methodologies, including optimized qubit parameters and a flip-chip fabrication process, to enhance coherence and reduce dielectric loss.
  • The paper highlights significant practical implications as its performance makes complex quantum circuit simulations vastly more efficient than classical supercomputers.

An Analysis of the 105-qubit Zuchongzhi 3.0 Quantum Processor

The paper introduces the Zuchongzhi 3.0, a superconducting quantum computer prototype that stands out due to its superior advancement in both the number of qubits and high operational fidelities. This paper signifies a pivotal stride toward achieving quantum computational advantage, as the Zuchongzhi 3.0 hosts 105 qubits, marking a significant leap from previous quantum processors.

Performance Metrics and Achievements

In terms of performance, the Zuchongzhi 3.0 operates with impressive fidelities: single-qubit gates at 99.90%, two-qubit gates at 99.62%, and readout fidelity at 99.18%. The experimental setup involved an 83-qubit, 32-cycle random circuit sampling, where one million samples were obtained in a few hundred seconds. Contrastively, simulating the same task on Frontier, the world's most powerful supercomputer, would require an estimated 6.4×1096.4 \times 10^9 years. This positions the Zuchongzhi 3.0 well beyond Google's Sycamore (SYC-67 and SYC-70) in terms of classical simulation cost.

Methodological Advances

Several innovative methodologies underpinned the advancements observed in Zuchongzhi 3.0. Enhanced coherence time was achieved through optimized qubit circuit parameters, augmented electric field distribution to reduce dielectric loss, and attenuator configuration to improve qubit dephasing. The device fabrication process combined tantalum and aluminum on sapphire substrates using a flip-chip technique, drastically purging interface contamination and improving qubit performance metrics. These technical refinements collectively contribute to the quantum processor's improvement, offering a promising platform for complex quantum calculations.

Implications and Future Directions

The research embodies a notable milestone in quantum computational advantage by establishing a new benchmark that outpaces classical computing simulations. With the Zuchongzhi 3.0, quantum computing inches closer to addressing real-world problems such as optimization and machine learning more efficiently than classical computers.

The Zuchongzhi 3.0 opens up possibilities for tackling sophisticated computational challenges in diverse fields. Practically, it supports the premise that quantum computers could, in the foreseeable future, take on tasks that are currently deemed impractical for classical computers. Theoretically, it emphasizes the potential of superconducting qubit platforms in scaling quantum systems and highlights the necessity for continuous improvement in quantum processor design and operational fidelity.

In conclusion, the Zuchongzhi 3.0 exemplifies a balance of increased qubit count and high fidelities, propelling the frontier of quantum computing. This processor not only supports larger scale quantum circuit execution but also provides a foundation from which to explore further enhancements in qubit coherence and gate operations. As quantum technology evolves, such advancements pave the way for real-world impacts, underscoring the imperative for continued research and development in quantum computational platforms.

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