An elementary proof of Hilbert's theorem on ternary quartics: Some complements (2411.08479v2)

Abstract: In 1888, Hilbert proved that every nonnegative quartic form $f=f(x,y,z)$ with real coefficients is a sum of three squares of quadratic forms. His proof was ahead of its time and used advanced methods from topology and algebraic geometry. In a 2012 paper we presented a new approach that used only elementary techniques. In this note we add some further simplifications to this proof.