2000 character limit reached
Angular Spread Statistics for 6.75 GHz FR1(C) and 16.95 GHz FR3 Mid-Band Frequencies in an Indoor Hotspot Environment (2409.03013v2)
Published 4 Sep 2024 in eess.SP, cs.SY, and eess.SY
Abstract: We present detailed multipath propagation spatial statistics for next-generation wireless systems operating at lower and upper mid-band frequencies spanning 6--24 GHz. The large-scale spatial characteristics of the wireless channel include Azimuth angular Spread of Departure (ASD) and Zenith angular Spread of Departure (ZSD) of multipath components (MPC) from a transmitter and the Azimuth angular Spread of Arrival (ASA) and Zenith angular Spread of Arrival (ZSA) at a receiver. The angular statistics calculated from measurements were compared with industry-standard 3GPP models, and ASD and ASA values were found to be in close agreement at both 6.75 GHz and 16.95 GHz. Measured LOS ASD was found larger than 3GPP ASD indicating more diverse MPC departure directions in the azimuth. ZSA and ZSD were observed smaller than the 3GPP modeling results as most multipath arrivals and departures during measurements were recorded at the boresight antenna elevation. The wide angular spreads indicate a multipath-rich spatial propagation at 6.75 GHz and 16.95 GHz, showing greater promise for the implementation of MIMO beamforming systems in the mid-band spectrum.
- A. Davidson, “National spectrum strategy implementation plan,” National Telecommunications and Information Administration, Tech. Rep., Mar. 2024.
- FCC, “Spectrum horizons,” First Report and Order—ET Docket 18-21,Washington, DC, USA, Mar. 2019.
- N. Rupasinghe, Y. Yapici, and I. Guevenc, “Impact of angular spread on moderately large MIMO systems,” in 2018 IEEE ICC Workshops, 2018, pp. 1–6.
- A. O. Kaya, D. Calin, and H. Viswanathan, “28 GHz and 3.5 GHz wireless channels: Fading, delay and angular dispersion,” in 2016 IEEE GLOBECOM, 2016, pp. 1–7.
- N. Rupasinghe, Y. Yapıcı, J. Iscar, and I. Güvenç, “Impact of angular spread in moderately large mimo systems under pilot contamination,” IEEE Trans. Vehi. Tech., vol. 67, no. 11, pp. 10 631–10 644, 2018.
- A. Alshammari, S. Albdran, M. A. R. Ahad, and M. Matin, “Impact of angular spread on massive MIMO channel estimation,” in 2016 19th International Conference on Computer and Information Technology (ICCIT). IEEE, 2016, pp. 84–87.
- J. M. Kelner and C. Ziółkowski, “Evaluation of angle spread and power balance for design of radio links with directional antennas in multipath environment,” Physical Communication, vol. 32, pp. 242–251, 2019.
- S. Kutty and D. Sen, “Impact of intra-cluster angular spread on the performance of NLOS millimeter wave links with imperfect beam alignment,” IEEE Trans. on Vehi. Tech., vol. 69, no. 2, pp. 1813–1827, 2019.
- M. A. Saeed, B. M. Ali, S. Khatun, and M. Ismail, “Impact of the angular spread and antenna spacing on the capacity of correlated MIMO fading channels.” International Arab Journal of Information Technology (IAJIT), vol. 6, no. 1, 2009.
- J. M. Kelner, C. Ziółkowski, and B. Uljasz, “Comparison of angular spread for 6 and 60 GHz based on 3GPP standard,” in 2018 22nd International Microwave and Radar Conference (MIKON). IEEE, 2018, pp. 286–290.
- Y. You and L. Zhang, “Exploiting angular spread in channel estimation of millimeter wave MIMO system,” IET Communications, vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 195–205, 2022.
- P. Wang, M. Pajovic, P. V. Orlik, T. Koike-Akino, K. J. Kim, and J. Fang, “Sparse channel estimation in millimeter wave communications: Exploiting joint AoD-AoA angular spread,” in 2017 IEEE ICC. IEEE, 2017, pp. 1–6.
- Y. Wang, R. Zhang, B. Li, X. Tang, and D. Wang, “Angular spread analysis and modeling of UAV air-to-ground channels at 3.5 GHz,” in 2019 11th International Conference on Wireless Communications and Signal Processing (WCSP). IEEE, 2019, pp. 1–5.
- D. Shakya, M. Ying, T. S. Rappaport, H. Poddar, P. Ma, Y. Wang, and I. Al-Wazani, “Comprehensive FR1(C) and FR3 Lower and Upper Mid-Band Propagation and Material Penetration Loss Measurements and Channel Models in Indoor Environment for 5G and 6G,” IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society, vol. 5, pp. 1–28, 2024.
- M. Steinbauer, A. Molisch, and E. Bonek, “The double-directional radio channel,” IEEE Ant & Propgn Mgzn, vol. 43, no. 4, pp. 51–63, 2001.
- M. K. Samimi and T. S. Rappaport, “3-D millimeter-wave statistical channel model for 5G wireless system design,” IEEE Trans on Microwv Thry and Tchnqs, vol. 64, no. 7, pp. 2207–2225, 2016.
- S. Sun, G. R. MacCartney, M. K. Samimi, and T. S. Rappaport, “Synthesizing omnidirectional antenna patterns, received power and path loss from directional antennas for 5G millimeter-wave communications,” in IEEE GLOBECOM, 2015, pp. 1–7.
- 3GPP, “Study on channel model for frequencies from 0.5 to 100 GHz (Release 16),” TR 38.901 V16.1.0 (2019-12), pp. 1 –101, Dec 2019.
- T. S. Rappaport, Y. Xing, G. R. MacCartney, A. F. Molisch, E. Mellios, and J. Zhang, “Overview of millimeter wave communications for fifth-generation (5G) wireless networks—with a focus on propagation models,” IEEE Transactions on antennas and propagation, vol. 65, no. 12, pp. 6213–6230, 2017.
- S. Ju and T. S. Rappaport, “Statistical Channel Model of Wideband Sub-THz Radio Propagation in Indoor Factories at 142 GHz: Towards 6G Industrial Wireless Networks,” IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, pp. 1–15, 2024.
- Z. Cheng, J. Gomez-Ponce, N. A. Abbasi, and A. F. Molisch, “A high-resolution parameter extraction algorithm for multiple clusters channels,” in 2022 IEEE 23rd International Workshop on Signal Processing Advances in Wireless Communication (SPAWC), 2022, pp. 1–5.
- B. Fleury, M. Tschudin, R. Heddergott, D. Dahlhaus, and K. Ingeman Pedersen, “Channel parameter estimation in mobile radio environments using the SAGE algorithm,” IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, vol. 17, no. 3, pp. 434–450, 1999.