Online regularization of Poincaré map of storage rings with Shannon entropy

Abstract: Shannon entropy, as a chaos indicator, is used for online Poincar\'e map regularization and dynamic aperture optimization in the National Synchrotron Light Source-II (NSLS-II) ring. Although various chaos indicators are widely used in studying nonlinear dynamical systems, including modern particle accelerators, it is the first time to use a measurable one in a real-world machine for online nonlinear optimization. Poincar\'e maps, constructed with the turn-by-turn beam trajectory readings from beam position monitors, are commonly used to observe the nonlinearity in ring-based accelerators. However, such observations typically only provide a qualitative interpretation. We analyze their entropy to quantify the chaos in measured Poincar\'e maps. After some canonical transformations on the Poincar\'e maps, not only can the commonly used nonlinear characterizations be extracted, but more importantly, the chaos can be quantitatively calibrated with Shannon entropy, and then used as the online optimization objectives.