Doubly alternating words in the positive part of $U_q(\widehat{\mathfrak{sl}}_2)$

Abstract: This paper is about the positive part $U_q^+$ of the $q$-deformed enveloping algebra $U_q(\widehat{\mathfrak{sl}}_2)$. The algebra $U_q^+$ admits an embedding, due to Rosso, into a $q$-shuffle algebra $\mathbb{V}$. The underlying vector space of $\mathbb{V}$ is the free algebra on two generators $x,y$. Therefore, the algebra $\mathbb{V}$ has a basis consisting of the words in $x,y$. Let $U$ denote the image of $U_q^+$ under the Rosso embedding. In our first main result, we find all the words in $x,y$ that are contained in $U$. One type of solution is called alternating. The alternating words have been studied by Terwilliger. There is another type of solution, which we call doubly alternating. In our second main result, we display many commutator relations involving the doubly alternating words. In our third main result, we describe how the doubly alternating words are related to the alternating words.