Papers
Topics
Authors
Recent
Gemini 2.5 Flash
Gemini 2.5 Flash
125 tokens/sec
GPT-4o
53 tokens/sec
Gemini 2.5 Pro Pro
42 tokens/sec
o3 Pro
4 tokens/sec
GPT-4.1 Pro
47 tokens/sec
DeepSeek R1 via Azure Pro
28 tokens/sec
2000 character limit reached

Active RIS-Aided Massive MIMO With Imperfect CSI and Phase Noise (2405.03300v1)

Published 6 May 2024 in cs.IT, eess.SP, and math.IT

Abstract: Active reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) has attracted significant attention as a recently proposed RIS architecture. Owing to its capability to amplify the incident signals, active RIS can mitigate the multiplicative fading effect inherent in the passive RIS-aided system. In this paper, we consider an active RIS-aided uplink multi-user massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system in the presence of phase noise at the active RIS. Specifically, we employ a two-timescale scheme, where the beamforming at the base station (BS) is adjusted based on the instantaneous aggregated channel state information (CSI) and the statistical CSI serves as the basis for designing the phase shifts at the active RIS, so that the feedback overhead and computational complexity can be significantly reduced. The aggregated channel composed of the cascaded and direct channels is estimated by utilizing the linear minimum mean square error (LMMSE) technique. Based on the estimated channel, we derive the analytical closed-form expression of a lower bound of the achievable rate. The power scaling laws in the active RIS-aided system are investigated based on the theoretical expressions. When the transmit power of each user is scaled down by the number of BS antennas M or reflecting elements N, we find that the thermal noise will cause the lower bound of the achievable rate to approach zero, as the number of M or N increases to infinity. Moreover, an optimization approach based on genetic algorithms (GA) is introduced to tackle the phase shift optimization problem. Numerical results reveal that the active RIS can greatly enhance the performance of the considered system under various settings.

Definition Search Book Streamline Icon: https://streamlinehq.com
References (32)
  1. Q. Wu and R. Zhang, “Intelligent reflecting surface enhanced wireless network via joint active and passive beamforming,” IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun., vol. 18, no. 11, pp. 5394–5409, Nov. 2019.
  2. Q. Tao, J. Wang, and C. Zhong, “Performance analysis of intelligent reflecting surface aided communication systems,” IEEE Commun. Lett., vol. 24, no. 11, pp. 2464–2468, Nov. 2020.
  3. C. Pan et al., “Multicell MIMO communications relying on intelligent reflecting surfaces,” IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun., vol. 19, no. 8, pp. 5218–5233, Aug. 2020.
  4. C. Huang et al., “Holographic MIMO surfaces for 6G wireless networks: Opportunities, challenges, and trends,” IEEE Wireless Commun., vol. 27, no. 5, pp. 118–125, Oct. 2020.
  5. L. Sanguinetti, E. Björnson, and J. Hoydis, “Toward massive MIMO 2.0: Understanding spatial correlation, interference suppression, and pilot contamination,” IEEE Trans. Commun., vol. 68, no. 1, pp. 232–257, Jan. 2020.
  6. Z. Peng, X. Chen, W. Xu, C. Pan, L.-C. Wang, and L. Hanzo, “Analysis and optimization of massive access to the IoT relying on multi-pair two-way massive MIMO relay systems,” IEEE Trans. Commun., vol. 69, no. 7, pp. 4585–4598, Jul. 2021.
  7. M.-H. T. Nguyen, E. Garcia-Palacios, T. Do-Duy, O. A. Dobre, and T. Q. Duong, “UAV-aided aerial reconfigurable intelligent surface communications with massive MIMO system,” IEEE Trans. Cogn. Commun. Netw., vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 1828–1838, Dec. 2022.
  8. P. Wang, J. Fang, L. Dai, and H. Li, “Joint transceiver and large intelligent surface design for massive MIMO mmWave systems,” IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun., vol. 20, no. 2, pp. 1052–1064, Feb. 2021.
  9. J. He, K. Yu, Y. Shi, Y. Zhou, W. Chen, and K. B. Letaief, “Reconfigurable intelligent surface assisted massive MIMO with antenna selection,” IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun., vol. 21, no. 7, pp. 4769–4783, Jul. 2022.
  10. E. Björnson, Ö. Özdogan, and E. G. Larsson, “Intelligent reflecting surface versus decode-and-forward: How large surfaces are needed to beat relaying?” IEEE Wireless Commun. Lett., vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 244–248, Feb. 2020.
  11. Y. Han, W. Tang, S. Jin, C.-K. Wen, and X. Ma, “Large intelligent surface-assisted wireless communication exploiting statistical CSI,” IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol., vol. 68, no. 8, pp. 8238–8242, Aug. 2019.
  12. M.-M. Zhao, Q. Wu, M.-J. Zhao, and R. Zhang, “Intelligent reflecting surface enhanced wireless networks: Two-timescale beamforming optimization,” IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun., vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 2–17, Jan. 2021.
  13. A. Abrardo, D. Dardari, and M. Di Renzo, “Intelligent reflecting surfaces: Sum-rate optimization based on statistical position information,” IEEE Trans. Commun., vol. 69, no. 10, pp. 7121–7136, Oct. 2021.
  14. C. Hu, L. Dai, S. Han, and X. Wang, “Two-timescale channel estimation for reconfigurable intelligent surface aided wireless communications,” IEEE Trans. Commun., vol. 69, no. 11, pp. 7736–7747, Nov. 2021.
  15. K. Zhi, C. Pan, H. Ren, and K. Wang, “Power scaling law analysis and phase shift optimization of RIS-aided massive MIMO systems with statistical CSI,” IEEE Trans. Commun., vol. 70, no. 5, pp. 3558–3574, May. 2022.
  16. K. Zhi et al., “Two-timescale design for reconfigurable intelligent surface-aided massive MIMO systems with imperfect CSI,” IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory, vol. 69, no. 5, pp. 3001–3033, May. 2023.
  17. M. Najafi, V. Jamali, R. Schober, and H. V. Poor, “Physics-based modeling and scalable optimization of large intelligent reflecting surfaces,” IEEE Trans. Commun., vol. 69, no. 4, pp. 2673–2691, Apr. 2021.
  18. Z. Zhang et al., “Active RIS vs. passive RIS: Which will prevail in 6G?” IEEE Trans. Commun., vol. 71, no. 3, pp. 1707–1725, Mar. 2023.
  19. L. Dong, H.-M. Wang, and J. Bai, “Active reconfigurable intelligent surface aided secure transmission,” IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol., vol. 71, no. 2, pp. 2181–2186, Feb. 2022.
  20. K. Zhi, C. Pan, H. Ren, K. K. Chai, and M. Elkashlan, “Active RIS versus passive RIS: Which is superior with the same power budget?” IEEE Commun. Lett., vol. 26, no. 5, pp. 1150–1154, May. 2022.
  21. Y. Ma, M. Li, Y. Liu, Q. Wu, and Q. Liu, “Active reconfigurable intelligent surface for energy efficiency in MU-MISO systems,” IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol., vol. 72, no. 3, pp. 4103–4107, Mar. 2023.
  22. Q. Li, M. El-Hajjar, I. Hemadeh, D. Jagyasi, A. Shojaeifard, and L. Hanzo, “Performance analysis of active RIS-aided systems in the face of imperfect CSI and phase shift noise,” IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol., vol. 72, no. 6, pp. 8140 – 8145, Jun. 2023.
  23. Z. Peng, X. Liu, C. Pan, L. Li, and J. Wang, “Multi-pair D2D communications aided by an active RIS over spatially correlated channels with phase noise,” IEEE Wireless Commun. Lett., vol. 11, no. 10, pp. 2090–2094, Oct. 2022.
  24. M.-A. Badiu and J. P. Coon, “Communication through a large reflecting surface with phase errors,” IEEE Wireless Commun. Lett., vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 184–188, Feb. 2020.
  25. A. Papazafeiropoulos, C. Pan, P. Kourtessis, S. Chatzinotas, and J. M. Senior, “Intelligent reflecting surface-assisted MU-MISO systems with imperfect hardware: Channel estimation and beamforming design,” IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun., vol. 21, no. 3, pp. 2077–2092, Mar. 2022.
  26. J.-F. Bousquet, S. Magierowski, and G. G. Messier, “A 4-GHz active scatterer in 130-nm CMOS for phase sweep amplify-and-forward,” IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. I, Reg. Papers, vol. 59, no. 3, pp. 529–540, Mar. 2012.
  27. E. Björnson, J. Hoydis, and L. Sanguinetti, “Massive MIMO networks: Spectral, energy, and hardware efficiency,” Found. Trends Signal Process., vol. 11, no. 3-4, pp. 154–655, Nov. 2017.
  28. B. Hassibi and B. M. Hochwald, “How much training is needed in multiple-antenna wireless links?” IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory, vol. 49, no. 4, pp. 951–963, Apr. 2003.
  29. Z. Peng, X. Chen, C. Pan, M. Elkashlan, and J. Wang, “Performance analysis and optimization for RIS-assisted multi-user massive MIMO systems with imperfect hardware,” IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol., vol. 71, no. 11, pp. 11 786–11 802, Nov. 2022.
  30. R. Long, Y.-C. Liang, Y. Pei, and E. G. Larsson, “Active reconfigurable intelligent surface-aided wireless communications,” IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun., vol. 20, no. 8, pp. 4962–4975, Aug. 2021.
  31. Q. Wu, S. Zhang, B. Zheng, C. You, and R. Zhang, “Intelligent reflecting surface-aided wireless communications: A tutorial,” IEEE Trans. Commun., vol. 69, no. 5, pp. 3313–3351, May. 2021.
  32. B. Zheng, C. You, and R. Zhang, “Double-IRS assisted multi-user MIMO: Cooperative passive beamforming design,” IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun., vol. 20, no. 7, pp. 4513–4526, Jul. 2021.

Summary

We haven't generated a summary for this paper yet.

Ai Sparkles Streamline Icon: https://streamlinehq.com Summarize Now
X Twitter Logo Streamline Icon: https://streamlinehq.com

Tweets