Papers
Topics
Authors
Recent
Gemini 2.5 Flash
Gemini 2.5 Flash
120 tokens/sec
GPT-4o
10 tokens/sec
Gemini 2.5 Pro Pro
42 tokens/sec
o3 Pro
5 tokens/sec
GPT-4.1 Pro
3 tokens/sec
DeepSeek R1 via Azure Pro
51 tokens/sec
2000 character limit reached

"Actually I Can Count My Blessings": User-Centered Design of an Application to Promote Gratitude Among Young Adults (2404.17698v1)

Published 26 Apr 2024 in cs.HC

Abstract: Regular practice of gratitude has the potential to enhance psychological wellbeing and foster stronger social connections among young adults. However, there is a lack of research investigating user needs and expectations regarding gratitude-promoting applications. To address this gap, we employed a user-centered design approach to develop a mobile application that facilitates gratitude practice. Our formative study involved 20 participants who utilized an existing application, providing insights into their preferences for organizing expressions of gratitude and the significance of prompts for reflection and mood labeling after working hours. Building on these findings, we conducted a deployment study with 26 participants using our custom-designed application, which confirmed the positive impact of structured options to guide gratitude practice and highlighted the advantages of passive engagement with the application during busy periods. Our study contributes to the field by identifying key design considerations for promoting gratitude among young adults.

Definition Search Book Streamline Icon: https://streamlinehq.com
References (121)
  1. User-centered design. Bainbridge, W. Encyclopedia of Human-Computer Interaction. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications 37, 4 (2004), 445–456.
  2. A Longitudinal Goal Setting Model for Addressing Complex Personal Problems in Mental Health. Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction 6, CSCW2 (2022), 1–28.
  3. Bill Albert and Tom Tullis. 2022. Measuring the User Experience: Collecting, Analyzing, and Presenting UX Metrics. Morgan Kaufmann.
  4. Alhanouf Aldayel and Khalid Alnafjan. 2017. Challenges and best practices for mobile application development. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Compute and Data Analysis. 41–48.
  5. Beyond reciprocity: gratitude and relationships in everyday life. Emotion 8, 3 (2008), 425.
  6. Usability Testing of a Gratitude Application for Promoting Mental Well-Being. In Human-Computer Interaction. User Experience and Behavior: Thematic Area, HCI 2022, Held as Part of the 24th HCI International Conference, HCII 2022, Virtual Event, June 26–July 1, 2022, Proceedings, Part III. Springer, 296–312.
  7. Co-designing a mobile app to improve mental health and well-being: focus group study. JMIR formative research 5, 2 (2021), e18172.
  8. American Psychological Association (APA). 2017. Mental health issues increased significantly in young adults over last decade. https://www.apa.org/news/press/releases/2019/03/mental-health-adults.
  9. An Exploratory Evaluation of the Impact and Acceptability of a Structured Reflective Practice Program Piloted with Staff in a Forensic Mental Health Setting. International Journal of Forensic Mental Health (2023), 1–12.
  10. Paul Bate and Glenn Robert. 2023. Bringing user experience to healthcare improvement: the concepts, methods and practices of experience-based design. CRC Press.
  11. Eric PS Baumer. 2015. Reflective informatics: conceptual dimensions for designing technologies of reflection. 585–594.
  12. All that glitters is not gold: An investigation into the undesired effects of gamification and how to mitigate them through gamification design. International Journal of Research in Marketing 39, 4 (2022), 1059–1081.
  13. Connecting Mental Health with Sustainable Development Goals: Insights from Call Data of a Telephone Crisis Helpline in Bangladesh. , Article 16 (2023), 5 pages. https://doi.org/10.1145/3572334.3572384
  14. Exploring User Perspectives on Brief Reflective Questioning Activities for Stress Management. (In Press) JMIR Formative Research (2023).
  15. Design Implications for One-Way Text Messaging Services that Support Psychological Wellbeing. ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (2022).
  16. ”I Kind of Bounce off It”: Translating Mental Health Principles into Real Life Through Story-Based Text Messages. Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction 6, CSCW2 (2022), 1–31.
  17. Investigating the Role of Context in the Delivery of Text Messages for Supporting Psychological Wellbeing. In Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. 1–19.
  18. Development of a Peer Support Mobile App and Web-Based Lesson for Adolescent Mental Health (Mind Your Mate): User-Centered Design Approach. JMIR Formative Research 6, 5 (2022), e36068.
  19. A systematic review of gratitude interventions: Effects on physical health and health behaviors. Journal of Psychosomatic Research 135 (2020), 110165.
  20. Gratitude and forgiveness: Convergence and divergence on self-report and informant ratings. Personality and individual differences 49, 8 (2010), 932–937.
  21. Columbia-suicide severity rating scale (C-SSRS). (2008).
  22. Ryan P Brown. 2003. Measuring individual differences in the tendency to forgive: Construct validity and links with depression. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 29, 6 (2003), 759–771.
  23. GoGratitude: Using Augmented Reality to Inspire Gratitude. In CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts. 1–6.
  24. ” I think people are powerful” The Sociality of Individuals Managing Depression. Proceedings of the ACM on Human-computer Interaction 3, CSCW (2019), 1–29.
  25. Social network activity and social well-being. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on human factors in computing systems. 1909–1912.
  26. Pew Research Center. 2022. Mobile Fact Sheet. Retrieved 2023-06-06 from https://www.pewresearch.org/internet/fact-sheet/mobile/
  27. Yixin Chen and Yang Xu. 2021. Exploring the effect of social support and empathy on user engagement in online mental health communities. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, 13 (2021), 6855.
  28. Listen, Nudge, Empower: A Mobile Gratitude Journal Application. In 2019 IEEE International Conference on Big Data (Big Data). IEEE, 6027–6029.
  29. Everyday creative activity as a path to flourishing. The Journal of Positive Psychology 13, 2 (2018), 181–189.
  30. APA handbook of research methods in psychology, Vol 2: Research designs: Quantitative, qualitative, neuropsychological, and biological. American Psychological Association.
  31. David R Cregg and Jennifer S Cheavens. 2021. Gratitude interventions: Effective self-help? A meta-analysis of the impact on symptoms of depression and anxiety. Journal of Happiness Studies 22 (2021), 413–445.
  32. SleepBandits: Guided flexible self-experiments for sleep. In Proceedings of the 2020 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. 1–13.
  33. Gender and cross-cultural differences in social media disclosures of mental illness. In Proceedings of the 2017 ACM conference on computer supported cooperative work and social computing. 353–369.
  34. B Eamons and Michael E Mc Cullough. 2003. Counting blessings versus burdens: An experimental investigation of gratitude and subjective well-being in daily life. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 84, 2 (2003), 377–389.
  35. The psychology of gratitude. Oxford University Press.
  36. Robert A Emmons and Anjali Mishra. 2011. Why gratitude enhances well-being: What we know, what we need to know. Designing positive psychology: Taking stock and moving forward 248 (2011), 262.
  37. Shared calendars for home health management. In Proceedings of the 18th acm conference on computer supported cooperative work & social computing. 1277–1288.
  38. Jordan Etkin. 2016. The hidden cost of personal quantification. Journal of consumer research 42, 6 (2016), 967–984.
  39. Nir Eyal. 2014. Hooked: How to build habit-forming products. Penguin.
  40. Predicting a community’s flu dynamics with mobile phone data. In Proceedings of the 18th ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work & Social Computing. 1214–1221.
  41. Doing the right thing: Measuring wellbeing for public policy. International journal of wellbeing 1, 1 (2011).
  42. What good are positive emotions in crisis? A prospective study of resilience and emotions following the terrorist attacks on the United States on September 11th, 2001. Journal of personality and social psychology 84, 2 (2003), 365.
  43. Gratitude facilitates healthy eating behavior in adolescents and young adults. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 81 (2019), 4–14.
  44. Being grateful is beyond good manners: Gratitude and motivation to contribute to society among early adolescents. Motivation and Emotion 34 (2010), 144–157.
  45. Adrian Furnham and Hua Chu Boo. 2011. A literature review of the anchoring effect. The journal of socio-economics 40, 1 (2011), 35–42.
  46. “Kind and Grateful”: A context-sensitive smartphone app utilizing inspirational content to promote gratitude. Psychology of well-being 6, 1 (2016), 1–21.
  47. User-Centred design in practice-problems and possibilities. In Workshop held at the PDC’98 and CSCW’98 conferences in Seattle. 14th of November, 1998.
  48. Does gamification work?–a literature review of empirical studies on gamification. In 2014 47th Hawaii international conference on system sciences. Ieee, 3025–3034.
  49. André Helgert and Carolin Straßmann. 2022. What are you Grateful for?-Enhancing Gratitude Routines by Using Speech Assistants. In CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts. 1–7.
  50. Mobile technology use and mHealth text message preferences: an examination of gender, racial, and ethnic differences among emerging adult college students. Mhealth 5 (2019).
  51. Design of digital workplace stress-reduction intervention systems: Effects of intervention type and timing. In Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. 1–16.
  52. Emotion map: A location-based mobile social system for improving emotion awareness and regulation. In Proceedings of the 18th ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work & Social Computing. 130–142.
  53. The impact of a brief gratitude intervention on subjective well-being, biology and sleep. Journal of health psychology 21, 10 (2016), 2207–2217.
  54. Between Rhetoric and Reality: Real-world Barriers to Uptake and Early Engagement in Digital Mental Health Interventions. ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (2023).
  55. Ask the Users: A Case Study of Leveraging User-Centered Design for Designing Just-in-Time Adaptive Interventions (JITAIs). Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 6, 2 (2022), 1–21.
  56. Optimizing for happiness and productivity: Modeling opportune moments for transitions and breaks at work. In Proceedings of the 2020 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. 1–15.
  57. Developing mental health mobile apps: Exploring adolescents’ perspectives. Health informatics journal 22, 2 (2016), 265–275.
  58. Assessing employee wellbeing in schools using a multifaceted approach: Associations with physical health, life satisfaction, and professional thriving. (2014).
  59. Can gratitude and kindness interventions enhance well-being in a clinical sample? Journal of Happiness Studies 16 (2015), 17–36.
  60. Shahedul Huq Khandkar. 2009. Open coding. University of Calgary 23 (2009), 2009.
  61. Appreciating the Good Things in Life During the Covid-19 Pandemic: A Randomized Controlled Trial and Evaluation of a Gratitude App. Journal of happiness studies 23, 8 (2022), 4001–4025.
  62. Gratitude intervention on Instagram: An experimental study. Psychological Studies 65 (2020), 168–173.
  63. Acute relationships between mental health and cognitive function during the COVID-19 pandemic: Longitudinal evidence from middle-aged and older US adults. SSM-Mental Health 2 (2022), 100097.
  64. Reflection companion: a conversational system for engaging users in reflection on physical activity. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 2, 2 (2018), 1–26.
  65. Meeting Users Where They Are: User-centered Design of an Automated Text Messaging Tool to Support the Mental Health of Young Adults. In Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. 1–16.
  66. ” Energy is a Finite Resource”: Designing Technology to Support Individuals across Fluctuating Symptoms of Depression. In Proceedings of the 2020 CHI Conference on Human factors in Computing systems. 1–17.
  67. Yubo Kou and Xinning Gui. 2020. Emotion regulation in esports gaming: A qualitative study of league of legends. Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction 4, CSCW2 (2020), 1–25.
  68. Does Gratitude Promote Resilience During a Pandemic? An Examination of Mental Health and Positivity at the Onset of COVID-19. Journal of happiness studies 23, 7 (2022), 3463–3483.
  69. How are habits formed: Modelling habit formation in the real world. European journal of social psychology 40, 6 (2010), 998–1009.
  70. Indebtedness and reciprocity in local online exchange. In Proceedings of the 2013 conference on Computer supported cooperative work. 661–672.
  71. How to become more grateful? The mediating role of resilience between empathy and gratitude. Current Psychology (2020), 1–10.
  72. The benefits of receiving gratitude for helpers: A daily investigation of proactive and reactive helping at work. Journal of Applied Psychology 104, 2 (2019), 197.
  73. User Perception of Wysa as a Mental Well-being Support Tool during the COVID-19 Pandemic. In Asian HCI Symposium’22. 52–57.
  74. Connecting algorithmic research and usage contexts: a perspective of contextualized evaluation for explainable AI. In Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Human Computation and Crowdsourcing, Vol. 10. 147–159.
  75. Engaging children and young people in digital mental health interventions: systematic review of modes of delivery, facilitators, and barriers. Journal of medical Internet research 22, 6 (2020), e16317.
  76. Sonja Lyubomirsky. 2008. The how of happiness: A scientific approach to getting the life you want. penguin.
  77. The benefits of frequent positive affect: Does happiness lead to success? Psychological bulletin 131, 6 (2005), 803.
  78. The state of user-centered design practice. Commun. ACM 48, 3 (2005), 105–109.
  79. System design of a text messaging program to support the mental health needs of non-treatment seeking young adults. Procedia Computer Science 206 (2022), 68–80.
  80. Melissa MF Li and Bronwen Lathrop. 2022. TY: Facilitating social engagement to mitigate loneliness during transitory periods. In CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts. 1–5.
  81. The conceptualization of a Just-In-Time Adaptive Intervention (JITAI) for the reduction of sedentary behavior in older adults. Mhealth 3 (2017).
  82. Just-in-time adaptive interventions (JITAIs) in mobile health: key components and design principles for ongoing health behavior support. Annals of Behavioral Medicine (2018), 1–17.
  83. National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH). 2020. Mental Illness. https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/statistics/mental-illness.
  84. Remington L Nevin. 2009. Low validity of self-report in identifying recent mental health diagnosis among US service members completing Pre-Deployment Health Assessment (PreDHA) and deployed to Afghanistan, 2007: a retrospective cohort study. BMC Public Health 9, 1 (2009), 1–11.
  85. Comparing daily physiological and psychological benefits of gratitude and optimism using a digital platform. Emotion 21, 7 (2021), 1357.
  86. Within-person relationships among daily gratitude, well-being, stress, and positive experiences. Journal of Happiness Studies 20 (2019), 883–898.
  87. Design opportunities for mental health peer support technologies. In Proceedings of the 2017 ACM conference on computer supported cooperative work and social computing. 1470–1484.
  88. “Suddenly, we got to become therapists for each other” Designing Peer Support Chats for Mental Health. In Proceedings of the 2018 CHI conference on human factors in computing systems. 1–14.
  89. Amy Orben and Sarah-Jayne Blakemore. 2023. How social media affects teen mental health: a missing link. Nature 614, 7948 (2023), 410–412.
  90. Manifestation of depression and loneliness on social networks: a case study of young adults on Facebook. In Proceedings of the 18th ACM conference on computer supported cooperative work & social computing. 557–570.
  91. A systematic review and meta-analysis of discrepancies between logged and self-reported digital media use. Nature Human Behaviour 5, 11 (2021), 1535–1547.
  92. Erika S Poole. 2013. HCI and mobile health interventions: how human–computer interaction can contribute to successful mobile health interventions. Translational behavioral medicine 3, 4 (2013), 402–405.
  93. Positive psychology interventions in people aged 50–79 years: Long-term effects of placebo-controlled online interventions on well-being and depression. Aging & mental health 18, 8 (2014), 997–1005.
  94. Gratitude and well-being: Who benefits the most from a gratitude intervention? Applied Psychology: Health and Well-Being 3, 3 (2011), 350–369.
  95. Health Technologies’ In the Wild’ Experiences of Engagement with Computerised CBT. In Proceedings of the 2016 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. 2124–2135.
  96. Ryan E Rhodes and Gert-Jan de Bruijn. 2013. How big is the physical activity intention–behaviour gap? A meta-analysis using the action control framework. British journal of health psychology 18, 2 (2013), 296–309.
  97. Robert C Roberts. 2004. The blessings of gratitude: A conceptual analysis. The psychology of gratitude (2004), 58–78.
  98. Student perspectives on digital phenotyping: The acceptability of using smartphone data to assess mental health. In Proceedings of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. 1–14.
  99. Gratitude and social media: a pilot experiment on the benefits of exposure to others’ grateful interactions on facebook. Frontiers in Psychology 12 (2021), 667052.
  100. Martin EP Seligman. 2011. Flourish: A visionary new understanding of happiness and well-being. Simon and Schuster.
  101. Gratitude and resilience among adolescents who have experienced parental divorce. Psychological Research on Urban Society 3, 1 (2020), 11.
  102. Paschal Sheeran and Thomas L Webb. 2016. The intention–behavior gap. Social and personality psychology compass 10, 9 (2016), 503–518.
  103. Toward collaborative ideation at scale: Leveraging ideas from others to generate more creative and diverse ideas. In Proceedings of the 18th ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work & Social Computing. 937–945.
  104. Scaffolding the scaffolding: supporting children’s social-emotional learning at home. In Proceedings of the 19th ACM conference on computer-supported cooperative work & social computing. 1751–1765.
  105. Edufeed: A social feed to engage preliterate children in educational activities. In Proceedings of the 2017 ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing. 491–504.
  106. Don’t forget your pill! Designing effective medication reminder apps that support users’ daily routines. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. 2269–2278.
  107. Supporting the Supporters of Unaccompanied Migrant Youth: Designing for Social-ecological Resilience. In Proceedings of the 2020 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. 1–14.
  108. Co-Orb: Fostering Remote Workplace Gratitude with IoT Technology. In CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts. 1–6.
  109. Jared B Torre and Matthew D Lieberman. 2018. Putting feelings into words: Affect labeling as implicit emotion regulation. Emotion Review 10, 2 (2018), 116–124.
  110. UC San Francisco. 2021. 48% of Young Adults Struggled with Mental Health in Mid-2021. https://www.ucsf.edu/news/2022/04/422611/48-young-adults-struggled-mental-health-mid-2021.
  111. The impact of social network sites on mental health: distinguishing active from passive use. World Psychiatry 20, 1 (2021), 133.
  112. Metrics for Peer Counseling: Triangulating Success Outcomes for Online Therapy Platforms. In Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. 1–17.
  113. Modeling self-disclosure in social networking sites. In Proceedings of the 19th ACM conference on computer-supported cooperative work & social computing. 74–85.
  114. Gratitude and subjective well-being. (2004).
  115. Grateful recounting enhances subjective well-being: The importance of grateful processing. The Journal of Positive Psychology 10, 2 (2015), 91–98.
  116. Bernard Weiner. 1985. An attributional theory of achievement motivation and emotion. Psychological review 92, 4 (1985), 548.
  117. Design for sustained wellbeing through positive activities—a multi-stage framework. Multimodal Technologies and Interaction 4, 4 (2020), 71.
  118. Axis: Generating explanations at scale with learnersourcing and machine learning. In Proceedings of the Third (2016) ACM Conference on Learning@ Scale. 379–388.
  119. Giving thanks together: A preliminary evaluation of the Gratitude Group Program. Practice Innovations 2, 4 (2017), 243.
  120. Digitalizing Gratitude and Building Trust through Technology in a Post-COVID-19 World—Report of a Case from Japan. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity 8, 1 (2022), 22.
  121. Designing for emotional well-being: integrating persuasion and customization into mental health technologies. In Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. 1–13.

Summary

We haven't generated a summary for this paper yet.

Ai Sparkles Streamline Icon: https://streamlinehq.com Summarize Now
Dice Question Streamline Icon: https://streamlinehq.com

Follow-up Questions

We haven't generated follow-up questions for this paper yet.

Ai Sparkles Streamline Icon: https://streamlinehq.com Generate Now
X Twitter Logo Streamline Icon: https://streamlinehq.com

Tweets