Implications of computer science theory for the simulation hypothesis (2404.16050v2)

Abstract: The simulation hypothesis has recently excited renewed interest, especially in the physics and philosophy communities. However, the hypothesis specifically concerns \textit{computers} that simulate physical universes, which means that to formally investigate it we need to couple computer science theory with physics. Here I couple those fields with the physical Church-Turing thesis. I then exploit that coupling to investigate of some of the computer science theory aspects of the simulation hypothesis. In particular, I use Kleene's second recursion theorem to prove that it is mathematically possible for us to be a simulation that is being run on a computer - by us. In such a self-simulation, there would be two identical instances of us; the question of which of those is ``really us'' is meaningless. I also show how Rice's theorem provides some interesting impossibility results concerning simulation and self-simulation; briefly describe the philosophical implications of fully homomorphic encryption for (self-)simulation; and briefly investigate the graphical structure of universes simulating universes simulating universes ..., among other issues. I end by describing some of the possible avenues for future research.