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From Parts to Whole: A Unified Reference Framework for Controllable Human Image Generation (2404.15267v1)

Published 23 Apr 2024 in cs.CV

Abstract: Recent advancements in controllable human image generation have led to zero-shot generation using structural signals (e.g., pose, depth) or facial appearance. Yet, generating human images conditioned on multiple parts of human appearance remains challenging. Addressing this, we introduce Parts2Whole, a novel framework designed for generating customized portraits from multiple reference images, including pose images and various aspects of human appearance. To achieve this, we first develop a semantic-aware appearance encoder to retain details of different human parts, which processes each image based on its textual label to a series of multi-scale feature maps rather than one image token, preserving the image dimension. Second, our framework supports multi-image conditioned generation through a shared self-attention mechanism that operates across reference and target features during the diffusion process. We enhance the vanilla attention mechanism by incorporating mask information from the reference human images, allowing for the precise selection of any part. Extensive experiments demonstrate the superiority of our approach over existing alternatives, offering advanced capabilities for multi-part controllable human image customization. See our project page at https://huanngzh.github.io/Parts2Whole/.

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Authors (4)
  1. Zehuan Huang (9 papers)
  2. Hongxing Fan (6 papers)
  3. Lipeng Wang (3 papers)
  4. Lu Sheng (63 papers)
Citations (3)

Summary

Multi-part Human Image Generation: Exploring the "Parts2Whole" Approach

Introduction

Recent research introduced the "Parts2Whole" method, which is a novel approach designed for the controllable generation of human images. This method stands out because it effectively synthesizes portraits using multiple reference images that condition various facets of human appearance, such as pose, facial attributes, and clothing details. Unlike existing techniques which may struggle with detailed control and precision in generating human images from composite references, Parts2Whole effectively manages these conditions to create consistent and finely detailed human portraits.

Framework Overview

Parts2Whole is engineered around a set of sophisticated components that leverage and enhance current deep learning models for image generation:

  1. Semantic-Aware Appearance Encoder:
    • This component processes each part image (e.g., hair, face, clothes) equipped with its textual label through a multi-scale feature mapping process. These maps are not simply compressed into tokens but are maintained through image dimensions, preserving spatial relationships and detail crucial for high fidelity in final image synthesis.
  2. Multi-Image Conditioned Generation via Shared Self-Attention:
    • The framework integrates features from reference images directly in the self-attention layers of a U-Net architecture used in the diffusion process. This allows for dynamic feature interaction and integration across multi-modal inputs, enhancing detail retention and alignment accuracy in the generation process.
  3. Mask-Enhanced Selection Mechanism:
    • By incorporating masks from the reference images, Parts2Whole pinpoints and selects specific parts onto the generated image with greater precision. This methodology reduces feature contamination from unrelated image regions, thus maintaining the integrity and relevance of features being transferred.

Key Contributions

The Parts2Whole framework introduces several key innovations to the field of human image generation:

  • It enables detailed and controllable human portrait generation using a flexible assembly of multiple image and pose references, along with optional text descriptions.
  • It utilizes a novel semantic-aware appearance encoder combined with a shared self-attention mechanism that significantly improves spatial detail retention and positional accuracy during feature integration.
  • The novel mask-guided approach in feature selection further refines the model's ability to focus and precisely incorporate desired aspects from reference images into the final portrait generation, effectively handling complex multi-part image conditions.

Research Implications

The paper presents extensive experiments to validate the superiority of Parts2Whole over current methods. These experiments demonstrate not only improved qualitative results but also quantitatively higher metrics in image quality and condition consistency comparisons. This progress can potentially transform applications in digital fashion, online avatar generation, and personalized content creation, providing a more robust tool for designers and content creators to generate customized human images with composite attributes dynamically.

Future Horizons

The development of Parts2Whole opens up several areas for future exploration. One potential avenue is the expansion of this framework to include motion and animation, allowing for the generation of animated sequences from static multi-part references. Another area could be enhancing the model's efficiency and scalability to handle even larger sets of conditions or higher resolution images without compromising generation speed or quality.

Moreover, the integration of emerging techniques in unsupervised learning could further refine the model's capability to understand and manipulate complex human appearances in more intuitive ways, potentially reducing the reliance on labeled data or detailed annotations.

In summary, the Parts2Whole framework marks a significant advance in the technology of image generation, particularly in handling detailed, multi-part human appearance conditions. Its development not only showcases the current capabilities of generative AI models but also sets the stage for more personalized and detailed digital content creation in the future.