Magnetic Configuration of Active Regions Associated with GLE Events (2404.06877v1)

Abstract: Charged particles, generated in solar flares, sometimes can get extremely high energy, above the 500 MeV level, and produce abrupt ground level enhancements (GLEs) on the ground-based detectors of cosmic rays. The initial flares are strong eruptions and they should be originated from active regions (ARs). A list of GLE events and associated flares was initially available, and our aim here was to find the hosting AR for each GLE event. Moreover, we aimed to classify the revealed ARs using the magneto-morphological classification (MMC: \citealp{2021MNRAS.507.3698A}). We have shown that in 94\% of cases such ARs belong to the most complex morphological classes, namely, $\beta \gamma$, $\beta \delta$, $\gamma \delta$, $\beta \gamma \delta$ classes by the Hale classification and B2, B3 classes by the MMC. We also found that the GLE-associated ARs are the ARs with the total unsigned magnetic flux much stronger than the common ARs of the same complexity. The set of GLE-related ARs only partially overlaps with the set of SARs (super-active regions). These ARs seem to be a manifestation of nonlinearities in the regular process of the global mean-field dynamo, the key ingredient to keep fluctuations and to create critical conditions in different aspects of the solar activity.