A hollow-core fiber based stand-alone multimodal (2-photon, 3-photon, SHG, THG) nonlinear flexible imaging endoscope (2403.09391v1)

Abstract: Multimodal nonlinear endoscopes have been a topic of intense research over the past two decades, enabling sub-cellular and label-free imaging in areas not reachable with table-top microscopes. They are sophisticated systems that can be implemented on an optical table in a lab environment, but they cannot be easily moved within or out of the lab. We present here a multimodal and flexible nonlinear endoscope system able to perform two photon excited fluorescence and second harmonic generation imaging with a stand-alone and moveable kart integrating a compact ultrashort laser source. In addition, the system can perform three photon excited fluorescence and third harmonic generation thanks to a delivery optical fiber used to deliver ultrashort pulses from massive and not movable laser systems into the stand-alone kart. The endoscopic fiber probes and delivery optical fibers are based on functionalized negative curvature hollow core fibers. The endoscope distal head has a diameter <2.2mm and can perform nonlinear imaging at max 10 frames/s over a field of view up to 600 $\mu$m with a ~1 $\mu$m spatial resolution.