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MAIDR: Making Statistical Visualizations Accessible with Multimodal Data Representation (2403.00717v1)

Published 1 Mar 2024 in cs.HC and cs.GR

Abstract: This paper investigates new data exploration experiences that enable blind users to interact with statistical data visualizations$-$bar plots, heat maps, box plots, and scatter plots$-$leveraging multimodal data representations. In addition to sonification and textual descriptions that are commonly employed by existing accessible visualizations, our MAIDR (multimodal access and interactive data representation) system incorporates two additional modalities (braille and review) that offer complementary benefits. It also provides blind users with the autonomy and control to interactively access and understand data visualizations. In a user study involving 11 blind participants, we found the MAIDR system facilitated the accurate interpretation of statistical visualizations. Participants exhibited a range of strategies in combining multiple modalities, influenced by their past interactions and experiences with data visualizations. This work accentuates the overlooked potential of combining refreshable tactile representation with other modalities and elevates the discussion on the importance of user autonomy when designing accessible data visualizations.

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Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering 7, 4 (2012), 416–425. https://doi.org/10.1299/jbse.7.416 Zong et al. (2022) Jonathan Zong, Crystal Lee, Alan Lundgard, JiWoong Jang, Daniel Hajas, and Arvind Satyanarayan. 2022. Rich Screen Reader Experiences for Accessible Data Visualization. Computer Graphics Forum (Proc. EuroVis) 41, 3 (2022), 15–27. Orbit Research. 2023. Graphiti® - a Breakthrough in Non-Visual Access to All Forms of Graphical Information. https://www.orbitresearch.com/product/graphiti/. SAS (2023) SAS. 2023. SAS Graphics Accelerator. https://support.sas.com/software/products- /graphics-accelerator/. Satyanarayan et al. (2016) Arvind Satyanarayan, Dominik Moritz, Kanit Wongsuphasawat, and Jeffrey Heer. 2016. Vega-lite: A grammar of interactive graphics. IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics 23, 1 (2016), 341–350. Sawada et al. (2012) Yasuhiro Sawada et al. 2012. Displaying Braille for Mobile Use with the Micro-vibration of SMA Wires. (2012), 26–31. https://doi.org/10.1109/hsi.2012.26 Schepers and White (2023) Doug Schepers and Jason White. 2023. SparkBraille: Braille Line Charts. https://fizzstudio.github.io/sparkbraille/. Sharif et al. (2022) Ather Sharif, Olivia H. Wang, Alida T. Muongchan, Katharina Reinecke, and Jacob O. Wobbrock. 2022. VoxLens: Making Online Data Visualizations Accessible with an Interactive JavaScript Plug-In. In CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. ACM, New Orleans LA USA, 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1145/3491102.3517431 Siu et al. (2022) Alexa Siu, Gene S-H Kim, Sile O’Modhrain, and Sean Follmer. 2022. Supporting Accessible Data Visualization Through Audio Data Narratives. In CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. ACM, New Orleans LA USA, 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1145/3491102.3517678 Srinivasan et al. (2023) Arjun Srinivasan, Tim Harshbarger, Darrell Hilliker, and Jennifer Mankoff. 2023. Azimuth: Designing Accessible Dashboards for Screen Reader Users. In Proceedings of the 25th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS ’23). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1145/3597638.3608405 Summers et al. (2014) II Claude Edward Summers, Robert E. Allison JR, Julianna Elizabeth Langston, and Jennifer Antonia Cowley. 2014. Accessible Data Visualizations for Visually Impaired Users. Summers et al. (2019) II Claude Edward Summers, Julianna Elizabeth Langston, Jesse Daniel Sookne, Jesse Benjamin Olley, Kerry Leanne Smith Trout, Cleester Daniel Heath IV, Samuel Edward Kalat, and Paul William Layne. 2019. Converting Graphical Data-Visualizations into Sonified Output. Summers et al. (2022) II Claude Edward Summers, Sean Patrick Mealin, Julianna Elizabeth Langston, Gregory David Kraus, Jonathan Tyler Williamson, Lisa Beth Morton Robinson, Jesse Daniel Sookne, and Brice Joseph Smith. 2022. User Interfaces for Converting Geospatial Data into Audio Outputs. Sweller (1988) John Sweller. 1988. Cognitive Load during Problem Solving: Effects on Learning. Cognitive Science 12, 2 (April 1988), 257–285. https://doi.org/10.1016/0364-0213(88)90023-7 Sweller (2010) John Sweller. 2010. Element Interactivity and Intrinsic, Extraneous, and Germane Cognitive Load. Educational Psychology Review 22, 2 (June 2010), 123–138. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-010-9128-5 Thomas (2006) David R Thomas. 2006. A general inductive approach for analyzing qualitative evaluation data. American journal of evaluation 27, 2 (2006), 237–246. Thompson et al. (2023) John R Thompson, Jesse J Martinez, Alper Sarikaya, Edward Cutrell, and Bongshin Lee. 2023. Chart Reader: Accessible Visualization Experiences Designed with Screen Reader Users. In Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI ’23). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1145/3544548.3581186 Unicode ([n. d.]) Unicode. [n. d.]. Braille Patterns. https://unicode.org/charts/nameslist/c_2800.html Wasserman (1985) Anthony I. Wasserman. 1985. Extending state transition diagrams for the specification of human–computer interaction. IEEE transactions on Software Engineering 8 (1985), 699–713. White (2020) Jason J. G. White. 2020. The Accessibility of Mathematical Notation on the Web and Beyond. Journal of Science Education for Students with Disabilities 23, 1 (2020). Wickham (2010) Hadley Wickham. 2010. A Layered Grammar of Graphics. Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics 19, 1 (Jan. 2010), 3–28. https://doi.org/10.1198/jcgs.2009.07098 Wilkinson (2012) Leland Wilkinson. 2012. The Grammar of Graphics. In Handbook of Computational Statistics: Concepts and Methods, James E. Gentle, Wolfgang Karl Härdle, and Yuichi Mori (Eds.). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 375–414. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21551-3_13 Zhao et al. (2012) Kai Zhao et al. 2012. A Novel Braille Display Using the Vibration of SMA Wires and the Evaluation of Braille Presentations. Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering 7, 4 (2012), 416–425. https://doi.org/10.1299/jbse.7.416 Zong et al. (2022) Jonathan Zong, Crystal Lee, Alan Lundgard, JiWoong Jang, Daniel Hajas, and Arvind Satyanarayan. 2022. Rich Screen Reader Experiences for Accessible Data Visualization. Computer Graphics Forum (Proc. EuroVis) 41, 3 (2022), 15–27. SAS. 2023. SAS Graphics Accelerator. https://support.sas.com/software/products- /graphics-accelerator/. Satyanarayan et al. (2016) Arvind Satyanarayan, Dominik Moritz, Kanit Wongsuphasawat, and Jeffrey Heer. 2016. Vega-lite: A grammar of interactive graphics. IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics 23, 1 (2016), 341–350. Sawada et al. (2012) Yasuhiro Sawada et al. 2012. Displaying Braille for Mobile Use with the Micro-vibration of SMA Wires. (2012), 26–31. https://doi.org/10.1109/hsi.2012.26 Schepers and White (2023) Doug Schepers and Jason White. 2023. SparkBraille: Braille Line Charts. https://fizzstudio.github.io/sparkbraille/. Sharif et al. (2022) Ather Sharif, Olivia H. Wang, Alida T. Muongchan, Katharina Reinecke, and Jacob O. Wobbrock. 2022. VoxLens: Making Online Data Visualizations Accessible with an Interactive JavaScript Plug-In. In CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. ACM, New Orleans LA USA, 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1145/3491102.3517431 Siu et al. (2022) Alexa Siu, Gene S-H Kim, Sile O’Modhrain, and Sean Follmer. 2022. Supporting Accessible Data Visualization Through Audio Data Narratives. In CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. ACM, New Orleans LA USA, 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1145/3491102.3517678 Srinivasan et al. (2023) Arjun Srinivasan, Tim Harshbarger, Darrell Hilliker, and Jennifer Mankoff. 2023. Azimuth: Designing Accessible Dashboards for Screen Reader Users. In Proceedings of the 25th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS ’23). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1145/3597638.3608405 Summers et al. (2014) II Claude Edward Summers, Robert E. Allison JR, Julianna Elizabeth Langston, and Jennifer Antonia Cowley. 2014. Accessible Data Visualizations for Visually Impaired Users. Summers et al. (2019) II Claude Edward Summers, Julianna Elizabeth Langston, Jesse Daniel Sookne, Jesse Benjamin Olley, Kerry Leanne Smith Trout, Cleester Daniel Heath IV, Samuel Edward Kalat, and Paul William Layne. 2019. Converting Graphical Data-Visualizations into Sonified Output. Summers et al. (2022) II Claude Edward Summers, Sean Patrick Mealin, Julianna Elizabeth Langston, Gregory David Kraus, Jonathan Tyler Williamson, Lisa Beth Morton Robinson, Jesse Daniel Sookne, and Brice Joseph Smith. 2022. User Interfaces for Converting Geospatial Data into Audio Outputs. Sweller (1988) John Sweller. 1988. Cognitive Load during Problem Solving: Effects on Learning. Cognitive Science 12, 2 (April 1988), 257–285. https://doi.org/10.1016/0364-0213(88)90023-7 Sweller (2010) John Sweller. 2010. Element Interactivity and Intrinsic, Extraneous, and Germane Cognitive Load. Educational Psychology Review 22, 2 (June 2010), 123–138. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-010-9128-5 Thomas (2006) David R Thomas. 2006. A general inductive approach for analyzing qualitative evaluation data. American journal of evaluation 27, 2 (2006), 237–246. Thompson et al. (2023) John R Thompson, Jesse J Martinez, Alper Sarikaya, Edward Cutrell, and Bongshin Lee. 2023. Chart Reader: Accessible Visualization Experiences Designed with Screen Reader Users. In Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI ’23). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1145/3544548.3581186 Unicode ([n. d.]) Unicode. [n. d.]. Braille Patterns. https://unicode.org/charts/nameslist/c_2800.html Wasserman (1985) Anthony I. Wasserman. 1985. Extending state transition diagrams for the specification of human–computer interaction. IEEE transactions on Software Engineering 8 (1985), 699–713. White (2020) Jason J. G. White. 2020. The Accessibility of Mathematical Notation on the Web and Beyond. Journal of Science Education for Students with Disabilities 23, 1 (2020). Wickham (2010) Hadley Wickham. 2010. A Layered Grammar of Graphics. Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics 19, 1 (Jan. 2010), 3–28. https://doi.org/10.1198/jcgs.2009.07098 Wilkinson (2012) Leland Wilkinson. 2012. The Grammar of Graphics. In Handbook of Computational Statistics: Concepts and Methods, James E. Gentle, Wolfgang Karl Härdle, and Yuichi Mori (Eds.). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 375–414. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21551-3_13 Zhao et al. (2012) Kai Zhao et al. 2012. A Novel Braille Display Using the Vibration of SMA Wires and the Evaluation of Braille Presentations. Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering 7, 4 (2012), 416–425. https://doi.org/10.1299/jbse.7.416 Zong et al. (2022) Jonathan Zong, Crystal Lee, Alan Lundgard, JiWoong Jang, Daniel Hajas, and Arvind Satyanarayan. 2022. Rich Screen Reader Experiences for Accessible Data Visualization. Computer Graphics Forum (Proc. EuroVis) 41, 3 (2022), 15–27. Arvind Satyanarayan, Dominik Moritz, Kanit Wongsuphasawat, and Jeffrey Heer. 2016. Vega-lite: A grammar of interactive graphics. IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics 23, 1 (2016), 341–350. Sawada et al. (2012) Yasuhiro Sawada et al. 2012. Displaying Braille for Mobile Use with the Micro-vibration of SMA Wires. (2012), 26–31. https://doi.org/10.1109/hsi.2012.26 Schepers and White (2023) Doug Schepers and Jason White. 2023. SparkBraille: Braille Line Charts. https://fizzstudio.github.io/sparkbraille/. Sharif et al. (2022) Ather Sharif, Olivia H. Wang, Alida T. Muongchan, Katharina Reinecke, and Jacob O. Wobbrock. 2022. VoxLens: Making Online Data Visualizations Accessible with an Interactive JavaScript Plug-In. In CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. ACM, New Orleans LA USA, 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1145/3491102.3517431 Siu et al. (2022) Alexa Siu, Gene S-H Kim, Sile O’Modhrain, and Sean Follmer. 2022. Supporting Accessible Data Visualization Through Audio Data Narratives. In CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. ACM, New Orleans LA USA, 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1145/3491102.3517678 Srinivasan et al. (2023) Arjun Srinivasan, Tim Harshbarger, Darrell Hilliker, and Jennifer Mankoff. 2023. Azimuth: Designing Accessible Dashboards for Screen Reader Users. In Proceedings of the 25th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS ’23). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1145/3597638.3608405 Summers et al. (2014) II Claude Edward Summers, Robert E. Allison JR, Julianna Elizabeth Langston, and Jennifer Antonia Cowley. 2014. Accessible Data Visualizations for Visually Impaired Users. Summers et al. (2019) II Claude Edward Summers, Julianna Elizabeth Langston, Jesse Daniel Sookne, Jesse Benjamin Olley, Kerry Leanne Smith Trout, Cleester Daniel Heath IV, Samuel Edward Kalat, and Paul William Layne. 2019. Converting Graphical Data-Visualizations into Sonified Output. Summers et al. (2022) II Claude Edward Summers, Sean Patrick Mealin, Julianna Elizabeth Langston, Gregory David Kraus, Jonathan Tyler Williamson, Lisa Beth Morton Robinson, Jesse Daniel Sookne, and Brice Joseph Smith. 2022. User Interfaces for Converting Geospatial Data into Audio Outputs. Sweller (1988) John Sweller. 1988. Cognitive Load during Problem Solving: Effects on Learning. Cognitive Science 12, 2 (April 1988), 257–285. https://doi.org/10.1016/0364-0213(88)90023-7 Sweller (2010) John Sweller. 2010. Element Interactivity and Intrinsic, Extraneous, and Germane Cognitive Load. Educational Psychology Review 22, 2 (June 2010), 123–138. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-010-9128-5 Thomas (2006) David R Thomas. 2006. A general inductive approach for analyzing qualitative evaluation data. American journal of evaluation 27, 2 (2006), 237–246. Thompson et al. (2023) John R Thompson, Jesse J Martinez, Alper Sarikaya, Edward Cutrell, and Bongshin Lee. 2023. Chart Reader: Accessible Visualization Experiences Designed with Screen Reader Users. In Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI ’23). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1145/3544548.3581186 Unicode ([n. d.]) Unicode. [n. d.]. Braille Patterns. https://unicode.org/charts/nameslist/c_2800.html Wasserman (1985) Anthony I. Wasserman. 1985. Extending state transition diagrams for the specification of human–computer interaction. IEEE transactions on Software Engineering 8 (1985), 699–713. White (2020) Jason J. G. White. 2020. The Accessibility of Mathematical Notation on the Web and Beyond. Journal of Science Education for Students with Disabilities 23, 1 (2020). Wickham (2010) Hadley Wickham. 2010. A Layered Grammar of Graphics. Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics 19, 1 (Jan. 2010), 3–28. https://doi.org/10.1198/jcgs.2009.07098 Wilkinson (2012) Leland Wilkinson. 2012. The Grammar of Graphics. In Handbook of Computational Statistics: Concepts and Methods, James E. Gentle, Wolfgang Karl Härdle, and Yuichi Mori (Eds.). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 375–414. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21551-3_13 Zhao et al. (2012) Kai Zhao et al. 2012. A Novel Braille Display Using the Vibration of SMA Wires and the Evaluation of Braille Presentations. Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering 7, 4 (2012), 416–425. https://doi.org/10.1299/jbse.7.416 Zong et al. (2022) Jonathan Zong, Crystal Lee, Alan Lundgard, JiWoong Jang, Daniel Hajas, and Arvind Satyanarayan. 2022. Rich Screen Reader Experiences for Accessible Data Visualization. Computer Graphics Forum (Proc. EuroVis) 41, 3 (2022), 15–27. Yasuhiro Sawada et al. 2012. Displaying Braille for Mobile Use with the Micro-vibration of SMA Wires. (2012), 26–31. https://doi.org/10.1109/hsi.2012.26 Schepers and White (2023) Doug Schepers and Jason White. 2023. SparkBraille: Braille Line Charts. https://fizzstudio.github.io/sparkbraille/. Sharif et al. (2022) Ather Sharif, Olivia H. Wang, Alida T. Muongchan, Katharina Reinecke, and Jacob O. Wobbrock. 2022. VoxLens: Making Online Data Visualizations Accessible with an Interactive JavaScript Plug-In. In CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. ACM, New Orleans LA USA, 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1145/3491102.3517431 Siu et al. (2022) Alexa Siu, Gene S-H Kim, Sile O’Modhrain, and Sean Follmer. 2022. Supporting Accessible Data Visualization Through Audio Data Narratives. In CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. ACM, New Orleans LA USA, 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1145/3491102.3517678 Srinivasan et al. (2023) Arjun Srinivasan, Tim Harshbarger, Darrell Hilliker, and Jennifer Mankoff. 2023. Azimuth: Designing Accessible Dashboards for Screen Reader Users. In Proceedings of the 25th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS ’23). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1145/3597638.3608405 Summers et al. (2014) II Claude Edward Summers, Robert E. Allison JR, Julianna Elizabeth Langston, and Jennifer Antonia Cowley. 2014. Accessible Data Visualizations for Visually Impaired Users. Summers et al. (2019) II Claude Edward Summers, Julianna Elizabeth Langston, Jesse Daniel Sookne, Jesse Benjamin Olley, Kerry Leanne Smith Trout, Cleester Daniel Heath IV, Samuel Edward Kalat, and Paul William Layne. 2019. Converting Graphical Data-Visualizations into Sonified Output. Summers et al. (2022) II Claude Edward Summers, Sean Patrick Mealin, Julianna Elizabeth Langston, Gregory David Kraus, Jonathan Tyler Williamson, Lisa Beth Morton Robinson, Jesse Daniel Sookne, and Brice Joseph Smith. 2022. User Interfaces for Converting Geospatial Data into Audio Outputs. Sweller (1988) John Sweller. 1988. Cognitive Load during Problem Solving: Effects on Learning. Cognitive Science 12, 2 (April 1988), 257–285. https://doi.org/10.1016/0364-0213(88)90023-7 Sweller (2010) John Sweller. 2010. Element Interactivity and Intrinsic, Extraneous, and Germane Cognitive Load. Educational Psychology Review 22, 2 (June 2010), 123–138. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-010-9128-5 Thomas (2006) David R Thomas. 2006. A general inductive approach for analyzing qualitative evaluation data. American journal of evaluation 27, 2 (2006), 237–246. Thompson et al. (2023) John R Thompson, Jesse J Martinez, Alper Sarikaya, Edward Cutrell, and Bongshin Lee. 2023. Chart Reader: Accessible Visualization Experiences Designed with Screen Reader Users. In Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI ’23). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1145/3544548.3581186 Unicode ([n. d.]) Unicode. [n. d.]. Braille Patterns. https://unicode.org/charts/nameslist/c_2800.html Wasserman (1985) Anthony I. Wasserman. 1985. Extending state transition diagrams for the specification of human–computer interaction. IEEE transactions on Software Engineering 8 (1985), 699–713. White (2020) Jason J. G. White. 2020. The Accessibility of Mathematical Notation on the Web and Beyond. Journal of Science Education for Students with Disabilities 23, 1 (2020). Wickham (2010) Hadley Wickham. 2010. A Layered Grammar of Graphics. Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics 19, 1 (Jan. 2010), 3–28. https://doi.org/10.1198/jcgs.2009.07098 Wilkinson (2012) Leland Wilkinson. 2012. The Grammar of Graphics. In Handbook of Computational Statistics: Concepts and Methods, James E. Gentle, Wolfgang Karl Härdle, and Yuichi Mori (Eds.). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 375–414. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21551-3_13 Zhao et al. (2012) Kai Zhao et al. 2012. A Novel Braille Display Using the Vibration of SMA Wires and the Evaluation of Braille Presentations. Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering 7, 4 (2012), 416–425. https://doi.org/10.1299/jbse.7.416 Zong et al. (2022) Jonathan Zong, Crystal Lee, Alan Lundgard, JiWoong Jang, Daniel Hajas, and Arvind Satyanarayan. 2022. Rich Screen Reader Experiences for Accessible Data Visualization. Computer Graphics Forum (Proc. EuroVis) 41, 3 (2022), 15–27. Doug Schepers and Jason White. 2023. SparkBraille: Braille Line Charts. https://fizzstudio.github.io/sparkbraille/. Sharif et al. (2022) Ather Sharif, Olivia H. Wang, Alida T. Muongchan, Katharina Reinecke, and Jacob O. Wobbrock. 2022. VoxLens: Making Online Data Visualizations Accessible with an Interactive JavaScript Plug-In. In CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. ACM, New Orleans LA USA, 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1145/3491102.3517431 Siu et al. (2022) Alexa Siu, Gene S-H Kim, Sile O’Modhrain, and Sean Follmer. 2022. Supporting Accessible Data Visualization Through Audio Data Narratives. In CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. ACM, New Orleans LA USA, 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1145/3491102.3517678 Srinivasan et al. (2023) Arjun Srinivasan, Tim Harshbarger, Darrell Hilliker, and Jennifer Mankoff. 2023. Azimuth: Designing Accessible Dashboards for Screen Reader Users. In Proceedings of the 25th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS ’23). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1145/3597638.3608405 Summers et al. (2014) II Claude Edward Summers, Robert E. Allison JR, Julianna Elizabeth Langston, and Jennifer Antonia Cowley. 2014. Accessible Data Visualizations for Visually Impaired Users. Summers et al. (2019) II Claude Edward Summers, Julianna Elizabeth Langston, Jesse Daniel Sookne, Jesse Benjamin Olley, Kerry Leanne Smith Trout, Cleester Daniel Heath IV, Samuel Edward Kalat, and Paul William Layne. 2019. Converting Graphical Data-Visualizations into Sonified Output. Summers et al. (2022) II Claude Edward Summers, Sean Patrick Mealin, Julianna Elizabeth Langston, Gregory David Kraus, Jonathan Tyler Williamson, Lisa Beth Morton Robinson, Jesse Daniel Sookne, and Brice Joseph Smith. 2022. User Interfaces for Converting Geospatial Data into Audio Outputs. Sweller (1988) John Sweller. 1988. Cognitive Load during Problem Solving: Effects on Learning. Cognitive Science 12, 2 (April 1988), 257–285. https://doi.org/10.1016/0364-0213(88)90023-7 Sweller (2010) John Sweller. 2010. Element Interactivity and Intrinsic, Extraneous, and Germane Cognitive Load. Educational Psychology Review 22, 2 (June 2010), 123–138. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-010-9128-5 Thomas (2006) David R Thomas. 2006. A general inductive approach for analyzing qualitative evaluation data. American journal of evaluation 27, 2 (2006), 237–246. Thompson et al. (2023) John R Thompson, Jesse J Martinez, Alper Sarikaya, Edward Cutrell, and Bongshin Lee. 2023. Chart Reader: Accessible Visualization Experiences Designed with Screen Reader Users. In Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI ’23). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1145/3544548.3581186 Unicode ([n. d.]) Unicode. [n. d.]. Braille Patterns. https://unicode.org/charts/nameslist/c_2800.html Wasserman (1985) Anthony I. Wasserman. 1985. Extending state transition diagrams for the specification of human–computer interaction. IEEE transactions on Software Engineering 8 (1985), 699–713. White (2020) Jason J. G. White. 2020. The Accessibility of Mathematical Notation on the Web and Beyond. Journal of Science Education for Students with Disabilities 23, 1 (2020). Wickham (2010) Hadley Wickham. 2010. A Layered Grammar of Graphics. Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics 19, 1 (Jan. 2010), 3–28. https://doi.org/10.1198/jcgs.2009.07098 Wilkinson (2012) Leland Wilkinson. 2012. The Grammar of Graphics. In Handbook of Computational Statistics: Concepts and Methods, James E. Gentle, Wolfgang Karl Härdle, and Yuichi Mori (Eds.). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 375–414. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21551-3_13 Zhao et al. (2012) Kai Zhao et al. 2012. A Novel Braille Display Using the Vibration of SMA Wires and the Evaluation of Braille Presentations. Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering 7, 4 (2012), 416–425. https://doi.org/10.1299/jbse.7.416 Zong et al. (2022) Jonathan Zong, Crystal Lee, Alan Lundgard, JiWoong Jang, Daniel Hajas, and Arvind Satyanarayan. 2022. Rich Screen Reader Experiences for Accessible Data Visualization. Computer Graphics Forum (Proc. EuroVis) 41, 3 (2022), 15–27. Ather Sharif, Olivia H. Wang, Alida T. Muongchan, Katharina Reinecke, and Jacob O. Wobbrock. 2022. VoxLens: Making Online Data Visualizations Accessible with an Interactive JavaScript Plug-In. In CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. ACM, New Orleans LA USA, 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1145/3491102.3517431 Siu et al. (2022) Alexa Siu, Gene S-H Kim, Sile O’Modhrain, and Sean Follmer. 2022. Supporting Accessible Data Visualization Through Audio Data Narratives. In CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. ACM, New Orleans LA USA, 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1145/3491102.3517678 Srinivasan et al. (2023) Arjun Srinivasan, Tim Harshbarger, Darrell Hilliker, and Jennifer Mankoff. 2023. Azimuth: Designing Accessible Dashboards for Screen Reader Users. In Proceedings of the 25th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS ’23). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1145/3597638.3608405 Summers et al. (2014) II Claude Edward Summers, Robert E. Allison JR, Julianna Elizabeth Langston, and Jennifer Antonia Cowley. 2014. Accessible Data Visualizations for Visually Impaired Users. Summers et al. (2019) II Claude Edward Summers, Julianna Elizabeth Langston, Jesse Daniel Sookne, Jesse Benjamin Olley, Kerry Leanne Smith Trout, Cleester Daniel Heath IV, Samuel Edward Kalat, and Paul William Layne. 2019. Converting Graphical Data-Visualizations into Sonified Output. Summers et al. (2022) II Claude Edward Summers, Sean Patrick Mealin, Julianna Elizabeth Langston, Gregory David Kraus, Jonathan Tyler Williamson, Lisa Beth Morton Robinson, Jesse Daniel Sookne, and Brice Joseph Smith. 2022. User Interfaces for Converting Geospatial Data into Audio Outputs. Sweller (1988) John Sweller. 1988. Cognitive Load during Problem Solving: Effects on Learning. Cognitive Science 12, 2 (April 1988), 257–285. https://doi.org/10.1016/0364-0213(88)90023-7 Sweller (2010) John Sweller. 2010. Element Interactivity and Intrinsic, Extraneous, and Germane Cognitive Load. Educational Psychology Review 22, 2 (June 2010), 123–138. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-010-9128-5 Thomas (2006) David R Thomas. 2006. A general inductive approach for analyzing qualitative evaluation data. American journal of evaluation 27, 2 (2006), 237–246. Thompson et al. (2023) John R Thompson, Jesse J Martinez, Alper Sarikaya, Edward Cutrell, and Bongshin Lee. 2023. Chart Reader: Accessible Visualization Experiences Designed with Screen Reader Users. In Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI ’23). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1145/3544548.3581186 Unicode ([n. d.]) Unicode. [n. d.]. Braille Patterns. https://unicode.org/charts/nameslist/c_2800.html Wasserman (1985) Anthony I. Wasserman. 1985. Extending state transition diagrams for the specification of human–computer interaction. IEEE transactions on Software Engineering 8 (1985), 699–713. White (2020) Jason J. G. White. 2020. The Accessibility of Mathematical Notation on the Web and Beyond. Journal of Science Education for Students with Disabilities 23, 1 (2020). Wickham (2010) Hadley Wickham. 2010. A Layered Grammar of Graphics. Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics 19, 1 (Jan. 2010), 3–28. https://doi.org/10.1198/jcgs.2009.07098 Wilkinson (2012) Leland Wilkinson. 2012. The Grammar of Graphics. In Handbook of Computational Statistics: Concepts and Methods, James E. Gentle, Wolfgang Karl Härdle, and Yuichi Mori (Eds.). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 375–414. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21551-3_13 Zhao et al. (2012) Kai Zhao et al. 2012. A Novel Braille Display Using the Vibration of SMA Wires and the Evaluation of Braille Presentations. Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering 7, 4 (2012), 416–425. https://doi.org/10.1299/jbse.7.416 Zong et al. (2022) Jonathan Zong, Crystal Lee, Alan Lundgard, JiWoong Jang, Daniel Hajas, and Arvind Satyanarayan. 2022. Rich Screen Reader Experiences for Accessible Data Visualization. Computer Graphics Forum (Proc. EuroVis) 41, 3 (2022), 15–27. Alexa Siu, Gene S-H Kim, Sile O’Modhrain, and Sean Follmer. 2022. Supporting Accessible Data Visualization Through Audio Data Narratives. In CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. ACM, New Orleans LA USA, 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1145/3491102.3517678 Srinivasan et al. (2023) Arjun Srinivasan, Tim Harshbarger, Darrell Hilliker, and Jennifer Mankoff. 2023. Azimuth: Designing Accessible Dashboards for Screen Reader Users. In Proceedings of the 25th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS ’23). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1145/3597638.3608405 Summers et al. (2014) II Claude Edward Summers, Robert E. Allison JR, Julianna Elizabeth Langston, and Jennifer Antonia Cowley. 2014. Accessible Data Visualizations for Visually Impaired Users. Summers et al. (2019) II Claude Edward Summers, Julianna Elizabeth Langston, Jesse Daniel Sookne, Jesse Benjamin Olley, Kerry Leanne Smith Trout, Cleester Daniel Heath IV, Samuel Edward Kalat, and Paul William Layne. 2019. Converting Graphical Data-Visualizations into Sonified Output. Summers et al. (2022) II Claude Edward Summers, Sean Patrick Mealin, Julianna Elizabeth Langston, Gregory David Kraus, Jonathan Tyler Williamson, Lisa Beth Morton Robinson, Jesse Daniel Sookne, and Brice Joseph Smith. 2022. User Interfaces for Converting Geospatial Data into Audio Outputs. Sweller (1988) John Sweller. 1988. Cognitive Load during Problem Solving: Effects on Learning. Cognitive Science 12, 2 (April 1988), 257–285. https://doi.org/10.1016/0364-0213(88)90023-7 Sweller (2010) John Sweller. 2010. Element Interactivity and Intrinsic, Extraneous, and Germane Cognitive Load. Educational Psychology Review 22, 2 (June 2010), 123–138. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-010-9128-5 Thomas (2006) David R Thomas. 2006. A general inductive approach for analyzing qualitative evaluation data. American journal of evaluation 27, 2 (2006), 237–246. Thompson et al. (2023) John R Thompson, Jesse J Martinez, Alper Sarikaya, Edward Cutrell, and Bongshin Lee. 2023. Chart Reader: Accessible Visualization Experiences Designed with Screen Reader Users. In Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI ’23). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1145/3544548.3581186 Unicode ([n. d.]) Unicode. [n. d.]. Braille Patterns. https://unicode.org/charts/nameslist/c_2800.html Wasserman (1985) Anthony I. Wasserman. 1985. Extending state transition diagrams for the specification of human–computer interaction. IEEE transactions on Software Engineering 8 (1985), 699–713. White (2020) Jason J. G. White. 2020. The Accessibility of Mathematical Notation on the Web and Beyond. Journal of Science Education for Students with Disabilities 23, 1 (2020). Wickham (2010) Hadley Wickham. 2010. A Layered Grammar of Graphics. Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics 19, 1 (Jan. 2010), 3–28. https://doi.org/10.1198/jcgs.2009.07098 Wilkinson (2012) Leland Wilkinson. 2012. The Grammar of Graphics. In Handbook of Computational Statistics: Concepts and Methods, James E. Gentle, Wolfgang Karl Härdle, and Yuichi Mori (Eds.). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 375–414. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21551-3_13 Zhao et al. (2012) Kai Zhao et al. 2012. A Novel Braille Display Using the Vibration of SMA Wires and the Evaluation of Braille Presentations. Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering 7, 4 (2012), 416–425. https://doi.org/10.1299/jbse.7.416 Zong et al. (2022) Jonathan Zong, Crystal Lee, Alan Lundgard, JiWoong Jang, Daniel Hajas, and Arvind Satyanarayan. 2022. Rich Screen Reader Experiences for Accessible Data Visualization. Computer Graphics Forum (Proc. EuroVis) 41, 3 (2022), 15–27. Arjun Srinivasan, Tim Harshbarger, Darrell Hilliker, and Jennifer Mankoff. 2023. Azimuth: Designing Accessible Dashboards for Screen Reader Users. In Proceedings of the 25th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS ’23). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1145/3597638.3608405 Summers et al. (2014) II Claude Edward Summers, Robert E. Allison JR, Julianna Elizabeth Langston, and Jennifer Antonia Cowley. 2014. Accessible Data Visualizations for Visually Impaired Users. Summers et al. (2019) II Claude Edward Summers, Julianna Elizabeth Langston, Jesse Daniel Sookne, Jesse Benjamin Olley, Kerry Leanne Smith Trout, Cleester Daniel Heath IV, Samuel Edward Kalat, and Paul William Layne. 2019. Converting Graphical Data-Visualizations into Sonified Output. Summers et al. (2022) II Claude Edward Summers, Sean Patrick Mealin, Julianna Elizabeth Langston, Gregory David Kraus, Jonathan Tyler Williamson, Lisa Beth Morton Robinson, Jesse Daniel Sookne, and Brice Joseph Smith. 2022. User Interfaces for Converting Geospatial Data into Audio Outputs. Sweller (1988) John Sweller. 1988. Cognitive Load during Problem Solving: Effects on Learning. Cognitive Science 12, 2 (April 1988), 257–285. https://doi.org/10.1016/0364-0213(88)90023-7 Sweller (2010) John Sweller. 2010. Element Interactivity and Intrinsic, Extraneous, and Germane Cognitive Load. Educational Psychology Review 22, 2 (June 2010), 123–138. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-010-9128-5 Thomas (2006) David R Thomas. 2006. A general inductive approach for analyzing qualitative evaluation data. American journal of evaluation 27, 2 (2006), 237–246. Thompson et al. (2023) John R Thompson, Jesse J Martinez, Alper Sarikaya, Edward Cutrell, and Bongshin Lee. 2023. Chart Reader: Accessible Visualization Experiences Designed with Screen Reader Users. In Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI ’23). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1145/3544548.3581186 Unicode ([n. d.]) Unicode. [n. d.]. Braille Patterns. https://unicode.org/charts/nameslist/c_2800.html Wasserman (1985) Anthony I. Wasserman. 1985. Extending state transition diagrams for the specification of human–computer interaction. IEEE transactions on Software Engineering 8 (1985), 699–713. White (2020) Jason J. G. White. 2020. The Accessibility of Mathematical Notation on the Web and Beyond. Journal of Science Education for Students with Disabilities 23, 1 (2020). Wickham (2010) Hadley Wickham. 2010. A Layered Grammar of Graphics. Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics 19, 1 (Jan. 2010), 3–28. https://doi.org/10.1198/jcgs.2009.07098 Wilkinson (2012) Leland Wilkinson. 2012. The Grammar of Graphics. In Handbook of Computational Statistics: Concepts and Methods, James E. Gentle, Wolfgang Karl Härdle, and Yuichi Mori (Eds.). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 375–414. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21551-3_13 Zhao et al. (2012) Kai Zhao et al. 2012. A Novel Braille Display Using the Vibration of SMA Wires and the Evaluation of Braille Presentations. Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering 7, 4 (2012), 416–425. https://doi.org/10.1299/jbse.7.416 Zong et al. (2022) Jonathan Zong, Crystal Lee, Alan Lundgard, JiWoong Jang, Daniel Hajas, and Arvind Satyanarayan. 2022. Rich Screen Reader Experiences for Accessible Data Visualization. Computer Graphics Forum (Proc. EuroVis) 41, 3 (2022), 15–27. II Claude Edward Summers, Robert E. Allison JR, Julianna Elizabeth Langston, and Jennifer Antonia Cowley. 2014. Accessible Data Visualizations for Visually Impaired Users. Summers et al. (2019) II Claude Edward Summers, Julianna Elizabeth Langston, Jesse Daniel Sookne, Jesse Benjamin Olley, Kerry Leanne Smith Trout, Cleester Daniel Heath IV, Samuel Edward Kalat, and Paul William Layne. 2019. Converting Graphical Data-Visualizations into Sonified Output. Summers et al. (2022) II Claude Edward Summers, Sean Patrick Mealin, Julianna Elizabeth Langston, Gregory David Kraus, Jonathan Tyler Williamson, Lisa Beth Morton Robinson, Jesse Daniel Sookne, and Brice Joseph Smith. 2022. User Interfaces for Converting Geospatial Data into Audio Outputs. Sweller (1988) John Sweller. 1988. Cognitive Load during Problem Solving: Effects on Learning. Cognitive Science 12, 2 (April 1988), 257–285. https://doi.org/10.1016/0364-0213(88)90023-7 Sweller (2010) John Sweller. 2010. Element Interactivity and Intrinsic, Extraneous, and Germane Cognitive Load. Educational Psychology Review 22, 2 (June 2010), 123–138. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-010-9128-5 Thomas (2006) David R Thomas. 2006. A general inductive approach for analyzing qualitative evaluation data. American journal of evaluation 27, 2 (2006), 237–246. Thompson et al. (2023) John R Thompson, Jesse J Martinez, Alper Sarikaya, Edward Cutrell, and Bongshin Lee. 2023. Chart Reader: Accessible Visualization Experiences Designed with Screen Reader Users. In Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI ’23). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1145/3544548.3581186 Unicode ([n. d.]) Unicode. [n. d.]. Braille Patterns. https://unicode.org/charts/nameslist/c_2800.html Wasserman (1985) Anthony I. Wasserman. 1985. Extending state transition diagrams for the specification of human–computer interaction. IEEE transactions on Software Engineering 8 (1985), 699–713. White (2020) Jason J. G. White. 2020. The Accessibility of Mathematical Notation on the Web and Beyond. Journal of Science Education for Students with Disabilities 23, 1 (2020). Wickham (2010) Hadley Wickham. 2010. A Layered Grammar of Graphics. Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics 19, 1 (Jan. 2010), 3–28. https://doi.org/10.1198/jcgs.2009.07098 Wilkinson (2012) Leland Wilkinson. 2012. The Grammar of Graphics. In Handbook of Computational Statistics: Concepts and Methods, James E. Gentle, Wolfgang Karl Härdle, and Yuichi Mori (Eds.). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 375–414. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21551-3_13 Zhao et al. (2012) Kai Zhao et al. 2012. A Novel Braille Display Using the Vibration of SMA Wires and the Evaluation of Braille Presentations. Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering 7, 4 (2012), 416–425. https://doi.org/10.1299/jbse.7.416 Zong et al. (2022) Jonathan Zong, Crystal Lee, Alan Lundgard, JiWoong Jang, Daniel Hajas, and Arvind Satyanarayan. 2022. Rich Screen Reader Experiences for Accessible Data Visualization. Computer Graphics Forum (Proc. EuroVis) 41, 3 (2022), 15–27. II Claude Edward Summers, Julianna Elizabeth Langston, Jesse Daniel Sookne, Jesse Benjamin Olley, Kerry Leanne Smith Trout, Cleester Daniel Heath IV, Samuel Edward Kalat, and Paul William Layne. 2019. Converting Graphical Data-Visualizations into Sonified Output. Summers et al. (2022) II Claude Edward Summers, Sean Patrick Mealin, Julianna Elizabeth Langston, Gregory David Kraus, Jonathan Tyler Williamson, Lisa Beth Morton Robinson, Jesse Daniel Sookne, and Brice Joseph Smith. 2022. User Interfaces for Converting Geospatial Data into Audio Outputs. Sweller (1988) John Sweller. 1988. Cognitive Load during Problem Solving: Effects on Learning. Cognitive Science 12, 2 (April 1988), 257–285. https://doi.org/10.1016/0364-0213(88)90023-7 Sweller (2010) John Sweller. 2010. Element Interactivity and Intrinsic, Extraneous, and Germane Cognitive Load. Educational Psychology Review 22, 2 (June 2010), 123–138. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-010-9128-5 Thomas (2006) David R Thomas. 2006. A general inductive approach for analyzing qualitative evaluation data. American journal of evaluation 27, 2 (2006), 237–246. Thompson et al. (2023) John R Thompson, Jesse J Martinez, Alper Sarikaya, Edward Cutrell, and Bongshin Lee. 2023. 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(2014) II Claude Edward Summers, Robert E. Allison JR, Julianna Elizabeth Langston, and Jennifer Antonia Cowley. 2014. Accessible Data Visualizations for Visually Impaired Users. Summers et al. (2019) II Claude Edward Summers, Julianna Elizabeth Langston, Jesse Daniel Sookne, Jesse Benjamin Olley, Kerry Leanne Smith Trout, Cleester Daniel Heath IV, Samuel Edward Kalat, and Paul William Layne. 2019. Converting Graphical Data-Visualizations into Sonified Output. Summers et al. (2022) II Claude Edward Summers, Sean Patrick Mealin, Julianna Elizabeth Langston, Gregory David Kraus, Jonathan Tyler Williamson, Lisa Beth Morton Robinson, Jesse Daniel Sookne, and Brice Joseph Smith. 2022. User Interfaces for Converting Geospatial Data into Audio Outputs. Sweller (1988) John Sweller. 1988. Cognitive Load during Problem Solving: Effects on Learning. Cognitive Science 12, 2 (April 1988), 257–285. https://doi.org/10.1016/0364-0213(88)90023-7 Sweller (2010) John Sweller. 2010. Element Interactivity and Intrinsic, Extraneous, and Germane Cognitive Load. Educational Psychology Review 22, 2 (June 2010), 123–138. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-010-9128-5 Thomas (2006) David R Thomas. 2006. A general inductive approach for analyzing qualitative evaluation data. American journal of evaluation 27, 2 (2006), 237–246. Thompson et al. (2023) John R Thompson, Jesse J Martinez, Alper Sarikaya, Edward Cutrell, and Bongshin Lee. 2023. Chart Reader: Accessible Visualization Experiences Designed with Screen Reader Users. In Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI ’23). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1145/3544548.3581186 Unicode ([n. d.]) Unicode. [n. d.]. Braille Patterns. https://unicode.org/charts/nameslist/c_2800.html Wasserman (1985) Anthony I. Wasserman. 1985. Extending state transition diagrams for the specification of human–computer interaction. IEEE transactions on Software Engineering 8 (1985), 699–713. White (2020) Jason J. G. White. 2020. The Accessibility of Mathematical Notation on the Web and Beyond. Journal of Science Education for Students with Disabilities 23, 1 (2020). Wickham (2010) Hadley Wickham. 2010. A Layered Grammar of Graphics. Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics 19, 1 (Jan. 2010), 3–28. https://doi.org/10.1198/jcgs.2009.07098 Wilkinson (2012) Leland Wilkinson. 2012. The Grammar of Graphics. In Handbook of Computational Statistics: Concepts and Methods, James E. Gentle, Wolfgang Karl Härdle, and Yuichi Mori (Eds.). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 375–414. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21551-3_13 Zhao et al. (2012) Kai Zhao et al. 2012. A Novel Braille Display Using the Vibration of SMA Wires and the Evaluation of Braille Presentations. Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering 7, 4 (2012), 416–425. https://doi.org/10.1299/jbse.7.416 Zong et al. (2022) Jonathan Zong, Crystal Lee, Alan Lundgard, JiWoong Jang, Daniel Hajas, and Arvind Satyanarayan. 2022. Rich Screen Reader Experiences for Accessible Data Visualization. Computer Graphics Forum (Proc. EuroVis) 41, 3 (2022), 15–27. Arvind Satyanarayan, Dominik Moritz, Kanit Wongsuphasawat, and Jeffrey Heer. 2016. Vega-lite: A grammar of interactive graphics. IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics 23, 1 (2016), 341–350. Sawada et al. (2012) Yasuhiro Sawada et al. 2012. Displaying Braille for Mobile Use with the Micro-vibration of SMA Wires. (2012), 26–31. https://doi.org/10.1109/hsi.2012.26 Schepers and White (2023) Doug Schepers and Jason White. 2023. SparkBraille: Braille Line Charts. https://fizzstudio.github.io/sparkbraille/. Sharif et al. (2022) Ather Sharif, Olivia H. Wang, Alida T. Muongchan, Katharina Reinecke, and Jacob O. Wobbrock. 2022. VoxLens: Making Online Data Visualizations Accessible with an Interactive JavaScript Plug-In. In CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. ACM, New Orleans LA USA, 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1145/3491102.3517431 Siu et al. (2022) Alexa Siu, Gene S-H Kim, Sile O’Modhrain, and Sean Follmer. 2022. Supporting Accessible Data Visualization Through Audio Data Narratives. In CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. ACM, New Orleans LA USA, 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1145/3491102.3517678 Srinivasan et al. (2023) Arjun Srinivasan, Tim Harshbarger, Darrell Hilliker, and Jennifer Mankoff. 2023. Azimuth: Designing Accessible Dashboards for Screen Reader Users. In Proceedings of the 25th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS ’23). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1145/3597638.3608405 Summers et al. (2014) II Claude Edward Summers, Robert E. Allison JR, Julianna Elizabeth Langston, and Jennifer Antonia Cowley. 2014. Accessible Data Visualizations for Visually Impaired Users. Summers et al. (2019) II Claude Edward Summers, Julianna Elizabeth Langston, Jesse Daniel Sookne, Jesse Benjamin Olley, Kerry Leanne Smith Trout, Cleester Daniel Heath IV, Samuel Edward Kalat, and Paul William Layne. 2019. Converting Graphical Data-Visualizations into Sonified Output. Summers et al. (2022) II Claude Edward Summers, Sean Patrick Mealin, Julianna Elizabeth Langston, Gregory David Kraus, Jonathan Tyler Williamson, Lisa Beth Morton Robinson, Jesse Daniel Sookne, and Brice Joseph Smith. 2022. User Interfaces for Converting Geospatial Data into Audio Outputs. Sweller (1988) John Sweller. 1988. Cognitive Load during Problem Solving: Effects on Learning. Cognitive Science 12, 2 (April 1988), 257–285. https://doi.org/10.1016/0364-0213(88)90023-7 Sweller (2010) John Sweller. 2010. Element Interactivity and Intrinsic, Extraneous, and Germane Cognitive Load. Educational Psychology Review 22, 2 (June 2010), 123–138. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-010-9128-5 Thomas (2006) David R Thomas. 2006. A general inductive approach for analyzing qualitative evaluation data. American journal of evaluation 27, 2 (2006), 237–246. Thompson et al. (2023) John R Thompson, Jesse J Martinez, Alper Sarikaya, Edward Cutrell, and Bongshin Lee. 2023. Chart Reader: Accessible Visualization Experiences Designed with Screen Reader Users. In Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI ’23). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1145/3544548.3581186 Unicode ([n. d.]) Unicode. [n. d.]. Braille Patterns. https://unicode.org/charts/nameslist/c_2800.html Wasserman (1985) Anthony I. Wasserman. 1985. Extending state transition diagrams for the specification of human–computer interaction. IEEE transactions on Software Engineering 8 (1985), 699–713. White (2020) Jason J. G. White. 2020. The Accessibility of Mathematical Notation on the Web and Beyond. Journal of Science Education for Students with Disabilities 23, 1 (2020). Wickham (2010) Hadley Wickham. 2010. A Layered Grammar of Graphics. Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics 19, 1 (Jan. 2010), 3–28. https://doi.org/10.1198/jcgs.2009.07098 Wilkinson (2012) Leland Wilkinson. 2012. The Grammar of Graphics. In Handbook of Computational Statistics: Concepts and Methods, James E. Gentle, Wolfgang Karl Härdle, and Yuichi Mori (Eds.). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 375–414. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21551-3_13 Zhao et al. (2012) Kai Zhao et al. 2012. A Novel Braille Display Using the Vibration of SMA Wires and the Evaluation of Braille Presentations. Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering 7, 4 (2012), 416–425. https://doi.org/10.1299/jbse.7.416 Zong et al. (2022) Jonathan Zong, Crystal Lee, Alan Lundgard, JiWoong Jang, Daniel Hajas, and Arvind Satyanarayan. 2022. Rich Screen Reader Experiences for Accessible Data Visualization. Computer Graphics Forum (Proc. EuroVis) 41, 3 (2022), 15–27. Yasuhiro Sawada et al. 2012. Displaying Braille for Mobile Use with the Micro-vibration of SMA Wires. (2012), 26–31. https://doi.org/10.1109/hsi.2012.26 Schepers and White (2023) Doug Schepers and Jason White. 2023. SparkBraille: Braille Line Charts. https://fizzstudio.github.io/sparkbraille/. Sharif et al. (2022) Ather Sharif, Olivia H. Wang, Alida T. Muongchan, Katharina Reinecke, and Jacob O. Wobbrock. 2022. VoxLens: Making Online Data Visualizations Accessible with an Interactive JavaScript Plug-In. In CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. ACM, New Orleans LA USA, 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1145/3491102.3517431 Siu et al. (2022) Alexa Siu, Gene S-H Kim, Sile O’Modhrain, and Sean Follmer. 2022. Supporting Accessible Data Visualization Through Audio Data Narratives. In CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. ACM, New Orleans LA USA, 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1145/3491102.3517678 Srinivasan et al. (2023) Arjun Srinivasan, Tim Harshbarger, Darrell Hilliker, and Jennifer Mankoff. 2023. Azimuth: Designing Accessible Dashboards for Screen Reader Users. In Proceedings of the 25th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS ’23). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1145/3597638.3608405 Summers et al. (2014) II Claude Edward Summers, Robert E. Allison JR, Julianna Elizabeth Langston, and Jennifer Antonia Cowley. 2014. Accessible Data Visualizations for Visually Impaired Users. Summers et al. (2019) II Claude Edward Summers, Julianna Elizabeth Langston, Jesse Daniel Sookne, Jesse Benjamin Olley, Kerry Leanne Smith Trout, Cleester Daniel Heath IV, Samuel Edward Kalat, and Paul William Layne. 2019. Converting Graphical Data-Visualizations into Sonified Output. Summers et al. (2022) II Claude Edward Summers, Sean Patrick Mealin, Julianna Elizabeth Langston, Gregory David Kraus, Jonathan Tyler Williamson, Lisa Beth Morton Robinson, Jesse Daniel Sookne, and Brice Joseph Smith. 2022. User Interfaces for Converting Geospatial Data into Audio Outputs. Sweller (1988) John Sweller. 1988. Cognitive Load during Problem Solving: Effects on Learning. Cognitive Science 12, 2 (April 1988), 257–285. https://doi.org/10.1016/0364-0213(88)90023-7 Sweller (2010) John Sweller. 2010. Element Interactivity and Intrinsic, Extraneous, and Germane Cognitive Load. Educational Psychology Review 22, 2 (June 2010), 123–138. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-010-9128-5 Thomas (2006) David R Thomas. 2006. A general inductive approach for analyzing qualitative evaluation data. American journal of evaluation 27, 2 (2006), 237–246. Thompson et al. (2023) John R Thompson, Jesse J Martinez, Alper Sarikaya, Edward Cutrell, and Bongshin Lee. 2023. Chart Reader: Accessible Visualization Experiences Designed with Screen Reader Users. In Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI ’23). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1145/3544548.3581186 Unicode ([n. d.]) Unicode. [n. d.]. Braille Patterns. https://unicode.org/charts/nameslist/c_2800.html Wasserman (1985) Anthony I. Wasserman. 1985. Extending state transition diagrams for the specification of human–computer interaction. IEEE transactions on Software Engineering 8 (1985), 699–713. White (2020) Jason J. G. White. 2020. The Accessibility of Mathematical Notation on the Web and Beyond. Journal of Science Education for Students with Disabilities 23, 1 (2020). Wickham (2010) Hadley Wickham. 2010. A Layered Grammar of Graphics. Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics 19, 1 (Jan. 2010), 3–28. https://doi.org/10.1198/jcgs.2009.07098 Wilkinson (2012) Leland Wilkinson. 2012. The Grammar of Graphics. In Handbook of Computational Statistics: Concepts and Methods, James E. Gentle, Wolfgang Karl Härdle, and Yuichi Mori (Eds.). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 375–414. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21551-3_13 Zhao et al. (2012) Kai Zhao et al. 2012. A Novel Braille Display Using the Vibration of SMA Wires and the Evaluation of Braille Presentations. Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering 7, 4 (2012), 416–425. https://doi.org/10.1299/jbse.7.416 Zong et al. (2022) Jonathan Zong, Crystal Lee, Alan Lundgard, JiWoong Jang, Daniel Hajas, and Arvind Satyanarayan. 2022. Rich Screen Reader Experiences for Accessible Data Visualization. Computer Graphics Forum (Proc. EuroVis) 41, 3 (2022), 15–27. Doug Schepers and Jason White. 2023. SparkBraille: Braille Line Charts. https://fizzstudio.github.io/sparkbraille/. Sharif et al. (2022) Ather Sharif, Olivia H. Wang, Alida T. Muongchan, Katharina Reinecke, and Jacob O. Wobbrock. 2022. VoxLens: Making Online Data Visualizations Accessible with an Interactive JavaScript Plug-In. In CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. ACM, New Orleans LA USA, 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1145/3491102.3517431 Siu et al. (2022) Alexa Siu, Gene S-H Kim, Sile O’Modhrain, and Sean Follmer. 2022. Supporting Accessible Data Visualization Through Audio Data Narratives. In CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. ACM, New Orleans LA USA, 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1145/3491102.3517678 Srinivasan et al. (2023) Arjun Srinivasan, Tim Harshbarger, Darrell Hilliker, and Jennifer Mankoff. 2023. Azimuth: Designing Accessible Dashboards for Screen Reader Users. In Proceedings of the 25th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS ’23). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1145/3597638.3608405 Summers et al. (2014) II Claude Edward Summers, Robert E. Allison JR, Julianna Elizabeth Langston, and Jennifer Antonia Cowley. 2014. Accessible Data Visualizations for Visually Impaired Users. Summers et al. (2019) II Claude Edward Summers, Julianna Elizabeth Langston, Jesse Daniel Sookne, Jesse Benjamin Olley, Kerry Leanne Smith Trout, Cleester Daniel Heath IV, Samuel Edward Kalat, and Paul William Layne. 2019. Converting Graphical Data-Visualizations into Sonified Output. Summers et al. (2022) II Claude Edward Summers, Sean Patrick Mealin, Julianna Elizabeth Langston, Gregory David Kraus, Jonathan Tyler Williamson, Lisa Beth Morton Robinson, Jesse Daniel Sookne, and Brice Joseph Smith. 2022. User Interfaces for Converting Geospatial Data into Audio Outputs. Sweller (1988) John Sweller. 1988. Cognitive Load during Problem Solving: Effects on Learning. Cognitive Science 12, 2 (April 1988), 257–285. https://doi.org/10.1016/0364-0213(88)90023-7 Sweller (2010) John Sweller. 2010. Element Interactivity and Intrinsic, Extraneous, and Germane Cognitive Load. Educational Psychology Review 22, 2 (June 2010), 123–138. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-010-9128-5 Thomas (2006) David R Thomas. 2006. A general inductive approach for analyzing qualitative evaluation data. American journal of evaluation 27, 2 (2006), 237–246. Thompson et al. (2023) John R Thompson, Jesse J Martinez, Alper Sarikaya, Edward Cutrell, and Bongshin Lee. 2023. Chart Reader: Accessible Visualization Experiences Designed with Screen Reader Users. In Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI ’23). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1145/3544548.3581186 Unicode ([n. d.]) Unicode. [n. d.]. Braille Patterns. https://unicode.org/charts/nameslist/c_2800.html Wasserman (1985) Anthony I. Wasserman. 1985. Extending state transition diagrams for the specification of human–computer interaction. IEEE transactions on Software Engineering 8 (1985), 699–713. White (2020) Jason J. G. White. 2020. The Accessibility of Mathematical Notation on the Web and Beyond. Journal of Science Education for Students with Disabilities 23, 1 (2020). Wickham (2010) Hadley Wickham. 2010. A Layered Grammar of Graphics. Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics 19, 1 (Jan. 2010), 3–28. https://doi.org/10.1198/jcgs.2009.07098 Wilkinson (2012) Leland Wilkinson. 2012. The Grammar of Graphics. In Handbook of Computational Statistics: Concepts and Methods, James E. Gentle, Wolfgang Karl Härdle, and Yuichi Mori (Eds.). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 375–414. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21551-3_13 Zhao et al. (2012) Kai Zhao et al. 2012. A Novel Braille Display Using the Vibration of SMA Wires and the Evaluation of Braille Presentations. Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering 7, 4 (2012), 416–425. https://doi.org/10.1299/jbse.7.416 Zong et al. (2022) Jonathan Zong, Crystal Lee, Alan Lundgard, JiWoong Jang, Daniel Hajas, and Arvind Satyanarayan. 2022. Rich Screen Reader Experiences for Accessible Data Visualization. Computer Graphics Forum (Proc. EuroVis) 41, 3 (2022), 15–27. Ather Sharif, Olivia H. Wang, Alida T. Muongchan, Katharina Reinecke, and Jacob O. Wobbrock. 2022. VoxLens: Making Online Data Visualizations Accessible with an Interactive JavaScript Plug-In. In CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. ACM, New Orleans LA USA, 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1145/3491102.3517431 Siu et al. (2022) Alexa Siu, Gene S-H Kim, Sile O’Modhrain, and Sean Follmer. 2022. Supporting Accessible Data Visualization Through Audio Data Narratives. In CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. ACM, New Orleans LA USA, 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1145/3491102.3517678 Srinivasan et al. (2023) Arjun Srinivasan, Tim Harshbarger, Darrell Hilliker, and Jennifer Mankoff. 2023. Azimuth: Designing Accessible Dashboards for Screen Reader Users. In Proceedings of the 25th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS ’23). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1145/3597638.3608405 Summers et al. (2014) II Claude Edward Summers, Robert E. Allison JR, Julianna Elizabeth Langston, and Jennifer Antonia Cowley. 2014. Accessible Data Visualizations for Visually Impaired Users. Summers et al. (2019) II Claude Edward Summers, Julianna Elizabeth Langston, Jesse Daniel Sookne, Jesse Benjamin Olley, Kerry Leanne Smith Trout, Cleester Daniel Heath IV, Samuel Edward Kalat, and Paul William Layne. 2019. Converting Graphical Data-Visualizations into Sonified Output. Summers et al. (2022) II Claude Edward Summers, Sean Patrick Mealin, Julianna Elizabeth Langston, Gregory David Kraus, Jonathan Tyler Williamson, Lisa Beth Morton Robinson, Jesse Daniel Sookne, and Brice Joseph Smith. 2022. User Interfaces for Converting Geospatial Data into Audio Outputs. Sweller (1988) John Sweller. 1988. Cognitive Load during Problem Solving: Effects on Learning. Cognitive Science 12, 2 (April 1988), 257–285. https://doi.org/10.1016/0364-0213(88)90023-7 Sweller (2010) John Sweller. 2010. Element Interactivity and Intrinsic, Extraneous, and Germane Cognitive Load. Educational Psychology Review 22, 2 (June 2010), 123–138. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-010-9128-5 Thomas (2006) David R Thomas. 2006. A general inductive approach for analyzing qualitative evaluation data. American journal of evaluation 27, 2 (2006), 237–246. Thompson et al. (2023) John R Thompson, Jesse J Martinez, Alper Sarikaya, Edward Cutrell, and Bongshin Lee. 2023. Chart Reader: Accessible Visualization Experiences Designed with Screen Reader Users. In Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI ’23). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1145/3544548.3581186 Unicode ([n. d.]) Unicode. [n. d.]. Braille Patterns. https://unicode.org/charts/nameslist/c_2800.html Wasserman (1985) Anthony I. Wasserman. 1985. Extending state transition diagrams for the specification of human–computer interaction. IEEE transactions on Software Engineering 8 (1985), 699–713. White (2020) Jason J. G. White. 2020. The Accessibility of Mathematical Notation on the Web and Beyond. Journal of Science Education for Students with Disabilities 23, 1 (2020). Wickham (2010) Hadley Wickham. 2010. A Layered Grammar of Graphics. Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics 19, 1 (Jan. 2010), 3–28. https://doi.org/10.1198/jcgs.2009.07098 Wilkinson (2012) Leland Wilkinson. 2012. The Grammar of Graphics. In Handbook of Computational Statistics: Concepts and Methods, James E. Gentle, Wolfgang Karl Härdle, and Yuichi Mori (Eds.). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 375–414. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21551-3_13 Zhao et al. (2012) Kai Zhao et al. 2012. A Novel Braille Display Using the Vibration of SMA Wires and the Evaluation of Braille Presentations. Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering 7, 4 (2012), 416–425. https://doi.org/10.1299/jbse.7.416 Zong et al. (2022) Jonathan Zong, Crystal Lee, Alan Lundgard, JiWoong Jang, Daniel Hajas, and Arvind Satyanarayan. 2022. Rich Screen Reader Experiences for Accessible Data Visualization. Computer Graphics Forum (Proc. EuroVis) 41, 3 (2022), 15–27. Alexa Siu, Gene S-H Kim, Sile O’Modhrain, and Sean Follmer. 2022. Supporting Accessible Data Visualization Through Audio Data Narratives. In CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. ACM, New Orleans LA USA, 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1145/3491102.3517678 Srinivasan et al. (2023) Arjun Srinivasan, Tim Harshbarger, Darrell Hilliker, and Jennifer Mankoff. 2023. Azimuth: Designing Accessible Dashboards for Screen Reader Users. In Proceedings of the 25th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS ’23). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1145/3597638.3608405 Summers et al. (2014) II Claude Edward Summers, Robert E. Allison JR, Julianna Elizabeth Langston, and Jennifer Antonia Cowley. 2014. Accessible Data Visualizations for Visually Impaired Users. Summers et al. (2019) II Claude Edward Summers, Julianna Elizabeth Langston, Jesse Daniel Sookne, Jesse Benjamin Olley, Kerry Leanne Smith Trout, Cleester Daniel Heath IV, Samuel Edward Kalat, and Paul William Layne. 2019. Converting Graphical Data-Visualizations into Sonified Output. Summers et al. (2022) II Claude Edward Summers, Sean Patrick Mealin, Julianna Elizabeth Langston, Gregory David Kraus, Jonathan Tyler Williamson, Lisa Beth Morton Robinson, Jesse Daniel Sookne, and Brice Joseph Smith. 2022. User Interfaces for Converting Geospatial Data into Audio Outputs. Sweller (1988) John Sweller. 1988. Cognitive Load during Problem Solving: Effects on Learning. Cognitive Science 12, 2 (April 1988), 257–285. https://doi.org/10.1016/0364-0213(88)90023-7 Sweller (2010) John Sweller. 2010. Element Interactivity and Intrinsic, Extraneous, and Germane Cognitive Load. Educational Psychology Review 22, 2 (June 2010), 123–138. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-010-9128-5 Thomas (2006) David R Thomas. 2006. A general inductive approach for analyzing qualitative evaluation data. American journal of evaluation 27, 2 (2006), 237–246. Thompson et al. (2023) John R Thompson, Jesse J Martinez, Alper Sarikaya, Edward Cutrell, and Bongshin Lee. 2023. Chart Reader: Accessible Visualization Experiences Designed with Screen Reader Users. In Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI ’23). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1145/3544548.3581186 Unicode ([n. d.]) Unicode. [n. d.]. Braille Patterns. https://unicode.org/charts/nameslist/c_2800.html Wasserman (1985) Anthony I. Wasserman. 1985. Extending state transition diagrams for the specification of human–computer interaction. IEEE transactions on Software Engineering 8 (1985), 699–713. White (2020) Jason J. G. White. 2020. The Accessibility of Mathematical Notation on the Web and Beyond. Journal of Science Education for Students with Disabilities 23, 1 (2020). Wickham (2010) Hadley Wickham. 2010. A Layered Grammar of Graphics. Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics 19, 1 (Jan. 2010), 3–28. https://doi.org/10.1198/jcgs.2009.07098 Wilkinson (2012) Leland Wilkinson. 2012. The Grammar of Graphics. In Handbook of Computational Statistics: Concepts and Methods, James E. Gentle, Wolfgang Karl Härdle, and Yuichi Mori (Eds.). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 375–414. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21551-3_13 Zhao et al. (2012) Kai Zhao et al. 2012. A Novel Braille Display Using the Vibration of SMA Wires and the Evaluation of Braille Presentations. Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering 7, 4 (2012), 416–425. https://doi.org/10.1299/jbse.7.416 Zong et al. (2022) Jonathan Zong, Crystal Lee, Alan Lundgard, JiWoong Jang, Daniel Hajas, and Arvind Satyanarayan. 2022. Rich Screen Reader Experiences for Accessible Data Visualization. Computer Graphics Forum (Proc. EuroVis) 41, 3 (2022), 15–27. Arjun Srinivasan, Tim Harshbarger, Darrell Hilliker, and Jennifer Mankoff. 2023. Azimuth: Designing Accessible Dashboards for Screen Reader Users. In Proceedings of the 25th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS ’23). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1145/3597638.3608405 Summers et al. 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Braille Patterns. https://unicode.org/charts/nameslist/c_2800.html Wasserman (1985) Anthony I. Wasserman. 1985. Extending state transition diagrams for the specification of human–computer interaction. IEEE transactions on Software Engineering 8 (1985), 699–713. White (2020) Jason J. G. White. 2020. The Accessibility of Mathematical Notation on the Web and Beyond. Journal of Science Education for Students with Disabilities 23, 1 (2020). Wickham (2010) Hadley Wickham. 2010. A Layered Grammar of Graphics. Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics 19, 1 (Jan. 2010), 3–28. https://doi.org/10.1198/jcgs.2009.07098 Wilkinson (2012) Leland Wilkinson. 2012. The Grammar of Graphics. In Handbook of Computational Statistics: Concepts and Methods, James E. Gentle, Wolfgang Karl Härdle, and Yuichi Mori (Eds.). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 375–414. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21551-3_13 Zhao et al. (2012) Kai Zhao et al. 2012. 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Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1145/3544548.3581186 Unicode ([n. d.]) Unicode. [n. d.]. Braille Patterns. https://unicode.org/charts/nameslist/c_2800.html Wasserman (1985) Anthony I. Wasserman. 1985. Extending state transition diagrams for the specification of human–computer interaction. IEEE transactions on Software Engineering 8 (1985), 699–713. White (2020) Jason J. G. White. 2020. The Accessibility of Mathematical Notation on the Web and Beyond. Journal of Science Education for Students with Disabilities 23, 1 (2020). Wickham (2010) Hadley Wickham. 2010. A Layered Grammar of Graphics. Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics 19, 1 (Jan. 2010), 3–28. https://doi.org/10.1198/jcgs.2009.07098 Wilkinson (2012) Leland Wilkinson. 2012. The Grammar of Graphics. In Handbook of Computational Statistics: Concepts and Methods, James E. Gentle, Wolfgang Karl Härdle, and Yuichi Mori (Eds.). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 375–414. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21551-3_13 Zhao et al. (2012) Kai Zhao et al. 2012. A Novel Braille Display Using the Vibration of SMA Wires and the Evaluation of Braille Presentations. Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering 7, 4 (2012), 416–425. https://doi.org/10.1299/jbse.7.416 Zong et al. (2022) Jonathan Zong, Crystal Lee, Alan Lundgard, JiWoong Jang, Daniel Hajas, and Arvind Satyanarayan. 2022. Rich Screen Reader Experiences for Accessible Data Visualization. Computer Graphics Forum (Proc. EuroVis) 41, 3 (2022), 15–27. II Claude Edward Summers, Sean Patrick Mealin, Julianna Elizabeth Langston, Gregory David Kraus, Jonathan Tyler Williamson, Lisa Beth Morton Robinson, Jesse Daniel Sookne, and Brice Joseph Smith. 2022. User Interfaces for Converting Geospatial Data into Audio Outputs. Sweller (1988) John Sweller. 1988. Cognitive Load during Problem Solving: Effects on Learning. Cognitive Science 12, 2 (April 1988), 257–285. https://doi.org/10.1016/0364-0213(88)90023-7 Sweller (2010) John Sweller. 2010. Element Interactivity and Intrinsic, Extraneous, and Germane Cognitive Load. Educational Psychology Review 22, 2 (June 2010), 123–138. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-010-9128-5 Thomas (2006) David R Thomas. 2006. A general inductive approach for analyzing qualitative evaluation data. American journal of evaluation 27, 2 (2006), 237–246. Thompson et al. (2023) John R Thompson, Jesse J Martinez, Alper Sarikaya, Edward Cutrell, and Bongshin Lee. 2023. Chart Reader: Accessible Visualization Experiences Designed with Screen Reader Users. In Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI ’23). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1145/3544548.3581186 Unicode ([n. d.]) Unicode. [n. d.]. Braille Patterns. https://unicode.org/charts/nameslist/c_2800.html Wasserman (1985) Anthony I. Wasserman. 1985. Extending state transition diagrams for the specification of human–computer interaction. IEEE transactions on Software Engineering 8 (1985), 699–713. White (2020) Jason J. G. White. 2020. The Accessibility of Mathematical Notation on the Web and Beyond. Journal of Science Education for Students with Disabilities 23, 1 (2020). Wickham (2010) Hadley Wickham. 2010. A Layered Grammar of Graphics. Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics 19, 1 (Jan. 2010), 3–28. https://doi.org/10.1198/jcgs.2009.07098 Wilkinson (2012) Leland Wilkinson. 2012. The Grammar of Graphics. In Handbook of Computational Statistics: Concepts and Methods, James E. Gentle, Wolfgang Karl Härdle, and Yuichi Mori (Eds.). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 375–414. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21551-3_13 Zhao et al. (2012) Kai Zhao et al. 2012. A Novel Braille Display Using the Vibration of SMA Wires and the Evaluation of Braille Presentations. Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering 7, 4 (2012), 416–425. https://doi.org/10.1299/jbse.7.416 Zong et al. (2022) Jonathan Zong, Crystal Lee, Alan Lundgard, JiWoong Jang, Daniel Hajas, and Arvind Satyanarayan. 2022. Rich Screen Reader Experiences for Accessible Data Visualization. Computer Graphics Forum (Proc. EuroVis) 41, 3 (2022), 15–27. John Sweller. 1988. Cognitive Load during Problem Solving: Effects on Learning. Cognitive Science 12, 2 (April 1988), 257–285. https://doi.org/10.1016/0364-0213(88)90023-7 Sweller (2010) John Sweller. 2010. Element Interactivity and Intrinsic, Extraneous, and Germane Cognitive Load. Educational Psychology Review 22, 2 (June 2010), 123–138. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-010-9128-5 Thomas (2006) David R Thomas. 2006. A general inductive approach for analyzing qualitative evaluation data. American journal of evaluation 27, 2 (2006), 237–246. Thompson et al. (2023) John R Thompson, Jesse J Martinez, Alper Sarikaya, Edward Cutrell, and Bongshin Lee. 2023. Chart Reader: Accessible Visualization Experiences Designed with Screen Reader Users. In Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI ’23). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1145/3544548.3581186 Unicode ([n. d.]) Unicode. [n. d.]. Braille Patterns. https://unicode.org/charts/nameslist/c_2800.html Wasserman (1985) Anthony I. Wasserman. 1985. Extending state transition diagrams for the specification of human–computer interaction. IEEE transactions on Software Engineering 8 (1985), 699–713. White (2020) Jason J. G. White. 2020. The Accessibility of Mathematical Notation on the Web and Beyond. Journal of Science Education for Students with Disabilities 23, 1 (2020). Wickham (2010) Hadley Wickham. 2010. A Layered Grammar of Graphics. Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics 19, 1 (Jan. 2010), 3–28. https://doi.org/10.1198/jcgs.2009.07098 Wilkinson (2012) Leland Wilkinson. 2012. The Grammar of Graphics. In Handbook of Computational Statistics: Concepts and Methods, James E. Gentle, Wolfgang Karl Härdle, and Yuichi Mori (Eds.). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 375–414. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21551-3_13 Zhao et al. (2012) Kai Zhao et al. 2012. A Novel Braille Display Using the Vibration of SMA Wires and the Evaluation of Braille Presentations. Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering 7, 4 (2012), 416–425. https://doi.org/10.1299/jbse.7.416 Zong et al. (2022) Jonathan Zong, Crystal Lee, Alan Lundgard, JiWoong Jang, Daniel Hajas, and Arvind Satyanarayan. 2022. Rich Screen Reader Experiences for Accessible Data Visualization. Computer Graphics Forum (Proc. EuroVis) 41, 3 (2022), 15–27. John Sweller. 2010. Element Interactivity and Intrinsic, Extraneous, and Germane Cognitive Load. Educational Psychology Review 22, 2 (June 2010), 123–138. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-010-9128-5 Thomas (2006) David R Thomas. 2006. A general inductive approach for analyzing qualitative evaluation data. American journal of evaluation 27, 2 (2006), 237–246. Thompson et al. (2023) John R Thompson, Jesse J Martinez, Alper Sarikaya, Edward Cutrell, and Bongshin Lee. 2023. Chart Reader: Accessible Visualization Experiences Designed with Screen Reader Users. In Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI ’23). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1145/3544548.3581186 Unicode ([n. d.]) Unicode. [n. d.]. Braille Patterns. https://unicode.org/charts/nameslist/c_2800.html Wasserman (1985) Anthony I. Wasserman. 1985. Extending state transition diagrams for the specification of human–computer interaction. IEEE transactions on Software Engineering 8 (1985), 699–713. White (2020) Jason J. G. White. 2020. The Accessibility of Mathematical Notation on the Web and Beyond. Journal of Science Education for Students with Disabilities 23, 1 (2020). Wickham (2010) Hadley Wickham. 2010. A Layered Grammar of Graphics. Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics 19, 1 (Jan. 2010), 3–28. https://doi.org/10.1198/jcgs.2009.07098 Wilkinson (2012) Leland Wilkinson. 2012. The Grammar of Graphics. In Handbook of Computational Statistics: Concepts and Methods, James E. Gentle, Wolfgang Karl Härdle, and Yuichi Mori (Eds.). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 375–414. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21551-3_13 Zhao et al. (2012) Kai Zhao et al. 2012. A Novel Braille Display Using the Vibration of SMA Wires and the Evaluation of Braille Presentations. Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering 7, 4 (2012), 416–425. https://doi.org/10.1299/jbse.7.416 Zong et al. (2022) Jonathan Zong, Crystal Lee, Alan Lundgard, JiWoong Jang, Daniel Hajas, and Arvind Satyanarayan. 2022. Rich Screen Reader Experiences for Accessible Data Visualization. Computer Graphics Forum (Proc. EuroVis) 41, 3 (2022), 15–27. David R Thomas. 2006. A general inductive approach for analyzing qualitative evaluation data. American journal of evaluation 27, 2 (2006), 237–246. Thompson et al. (2023) John R Thompson, Jesse J Martinez, Alper Sarikaya, Edward Cutrell, and Bongshin Lee. 2023. Chart Reader: Accessible Visualization Experiences Designed with Screen Reader Users. In Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI ’23). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1145/3544548.3581186 Unicode ([n. d.]) Unicode. [n. d.]. Braille Patterns. https://unicode.org/charts/nameslist/c_2800.html Wasserman (1985) Anthony I. Wasserman. 1985. Extending state transition diagrams for the specification of human–computer interaction. IEEE transactions on Software Engineering 8 (1985), 699–713. White (2020) Jason J. G. White. 2020. The Accessibility of Mathematical Notation on the Web and Beyond. Journal of Science Education for Students with Disabilities 23, 1 (2020). Wickham (2010) Hadley Wickham. 2010. A Layered Grammar of Graphics. Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics 19, 1 (Jan. 2010), 3–28. https://doi.org/10.1198/jcgs.2009.07098 Wilkinson (2012) Leland Wilkinson. 2012. The Grammar of Graphics. In Handbook of Computational Statistics: Concepts and Methods, James E. Gentle, Wolfgang Karl Härdle, and Yuichi Mori (Eds.). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 375–414. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21551-3_13 Zhao et al. (2012) Kai Zhao et al. 2012. A Novel Braille Display Using the Vibration of SMA Wires and the Evaluation of Braille Presentations. Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering 7, 4 (2012), 416–425. https://doi.org/10.1299/jbse.7.416 Zong et al. (2022) Jonathan Zong, Crystal Lee, Alan Lundgard, JiWoong Jang, Daniel Hajas, and Arvind Satyanarayan. 2022. Rich Screen Reader Experiences for Accessible Data Visualization. Computer Graphics Forum (Proc. EuroVis) 41, 3 (2022), 15–27. John R Thompson, Jesse J Martinez, Alper Sarikaya, Edward Cutrell, and Bongshin Lee. 2023. Chart Reader: Accessible Visualization Experiences Designed with Screen Reader Users. In Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI ’23). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1145/3544548.3581186 Unicode ([n. d.]) Unicode. [n. d.]. Braille Patterns. https://unicode.org/charts/nameslist/c_2800.html Wasserman (1985) Anthony I. Wasserman. 1985. Extending state transition diagrams for the specification of human–computer interaction. IEEE transactions on Software Engineering 8 (1985), 699–713. White (2020) Jason J. G. White. 2020. The Accessibility of Mathematical Notation on the Web and Beyond. Journal of Science Education for Students with Disabilities 23, 1 (2020). Wickham (2010) Hadley Wickham. 2010. A Layered Grammar of Graphics. Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics 19, 1 (Jan. 2010), 3–28. https://doi.org/10.1198/jcgs.2009.07098 Wilkinson (2012) Leland Wilkinson. 2012. The Grammar of Graphics. In Handbook of Computational Statistics: Concepts and Methods, James E. Gentle, Wolfgang Karl Härdle, and Yuichi Mori (Eds.). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 375–414. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21551-3_13 Zhao et al. (2012) Kai Zhao et al. 2012. A Novel Braille Display Using the Vibration of SMA Wires and the Evaluation of Braille Presentations. Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering 7, 4 (2012), 416–425. https://doi.org/10.1299/jbse.7.416 Zong et al. (2022) Jonathan Zong, Crystal Lee, Alan Lundgard, JiWoong Jang, Daniel Hajas, and Arvind Satyanarayan. 2022. Rich Screen Reader Experiences for Accessible Data Visualization. Computer Graphics Forum (Proc. EuroVis) 41, 3 (2022), 15–27. Unicode. [n. d.]. Braille Patterns. https://unicode.org/charts/nameslist/c_2800.html Wasserman (1985) Anthony I. Wasserman. 1985. Extending state transition diagrams for the specification of human–computer interaction. IEEE transactions on Software Engineering 8 (1985), 699–713. White (2020) Jason J. G. White. 2020. The Accessibility of Mathematical Notation on the Web and Beyond. Journal of Science Education for Students with Disabilities 23, 1 (2020). Wickham (2010) Hadley Wickham. 2010. A Layered Grammar of Graphics. Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics 19, 1 (Jan. 2010), 3–28. https://doi.org/10.1198/jcgs.2009.07098 Wilkinson (2012) Leland Wilkinson. 2012. The Grammar of Graphics. In Handbook of Computational Statistics: Concepts and Methods, James E. Gentle, Wolfgang Karl Härdle, and Yuichi Mori (Eds.). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 375–414. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21551-3_13 Zhao et al. (2012) Kai Zhao et al. 2012. A Novel Braille Display Using the Vibration of SMA Wires and the Evaluation of Braille Presentations. Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering 7, 4 (2012), 416–425. https://doi.org/10.1299/jbse.7.416 Zong et al. (2022) Jonathan Zong, Crystal Lee, Alan Lundgard, JiWoong Jang, Daniel Hajas, and Arvind Satyanarayan. 2022. Rich Screen Reader Experiences for Accessible Data Visualization. Computer Graphics Forum (Proc. EuroVis) 41, 3 (2022), 15–27. Anthony I. Wasserman. 1985. Extending state transition diagrams for the specification of human–computer interaction. IEEE transactions on Software Engineering 8 (1985), 699–713. White (2020) Jason J. G. White. 2020. The Accessibility of Mathematical Notation on the Web and Beyond. Journal of Science Education for Students with Disabilities 23, 1 (2020). Wickham (2010) Hadley Wickham. 2010. A Layered Grammar of Graphics. Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics 19, 1 (Jan. 2010), 3–28. https://doi.org/10.1198/jcgs.2009.07098 Wilkinson (2012) Leland Wilkinson. 2012. The Grammar of Graphics. In Handbook of Computational Statistics: Concepts and Methods, James E. Gentle, Wolfgang Karl Härdle, and Yuichi Mori (Eds.). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 375–414. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21551-3_13 Zhao et al. (2012) Kai Zhao et al. 2012. A Novel Braille Display Using the Vibration of SMA Wires and the Evaluation of Braille Presentations. Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering 7, 4 (2012), 416–425. https://doi.org/10.1299/jbse.7.416 Zong et al. (2022) Jonathan Zong, Crystal Lee, Alan Lundgard, JiWoong Jang, Daniel Hajas, and Arvind Satyanarayan. 2022. Rich Screen Reader Experiences for Accessible Data Visualization. Computer Graphics Forum (Proc. EuroVis) 41, 3 (2022), 15–27. Jason J. G. White. 2020. The Accessibility of Mathematical Notation on the Web and Beyond. Journal of Science Education for Students with Disabilities 23, 1 (2020). Wickham (2010) Hadley Wickham. 2010. A Layered Grammar of Graphics. Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics 19, 1 (Jan. 2010), 3–28. https://doi.org/10.1198/jcgs.2009.07098 Wilkinson (2012) Leland Wilkinson. 2012. The Grammar of Graphics. In Handbook of Computational Statistics: Concepts and Methods, James E. Gentle, Wolfgang Karl Härdle, and Yuichi Mori (Eds.). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 375–414. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21551-3_13 Zhao et al. (2012) Kai Zhao et al. 2012. A Novel Braille Display Using the Vibration of SMA Wires and the Evaluation of Braille Presentations. Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering 7, 4 (2012), 416–425. https://doi.org/10.1299/jbse.7.416 Zong et al. (2022) Jonathan Zong, Crystal Lee, Alan Lundgard, JiWoong Jang, Daniel Hajas, and Arvind Satyanarayan. 2022. Rich Screen Reader Experiences for Accessible Data Visualization. Computer Graphics Forum (Proc. 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The Grammar of Graphics. In Handbook of Computational Statistics: Concepts and Methods, James E. Gentle, Wolfgang Karl Härdle, and Yuichi Mori (Eds.). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 375–414. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21551-3_13 Zhao et al. (2012) Kai Zhao et al. 2012. A Novel Braille Display Using the Vibration of SMA Wires and the Evaluation of Braille Presentations. Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering 7, 4 (2012), 416–425. https://doi.org/10.1299/jbse.7.416 Zong et al. (2022) Jonathan Zong, Crystal Lee, Alan Lundgard, JiWoong Jang, Daniel Hajas, and Arvind Satyanarayan. 2022. Rich Screen Reader Experiences for Accessible Data Visualization. Computer Graphics Forum (Proc. EuroVis) 41, 3 (2022), 15–27. Kai Zhao et al. 2012. A Novel Braille Display Using the Vibration of SMA Wires and the Evaluation of Braille Presentations. Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering 7, 4 (2012), 416–425. https://doi.org/10.1299/jbse.7.416 Zong et al. 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A general inductive approach for analyzing qualitative evaluation data. American journal of evaluation 27, 2 (2006), 237–246. Thompson et al. (2023) John R Thompson, Jesse J Martinez, Alper Sarikaya, Edward Cutrell, and Bongshin Lee. 2023. Chart Reader: Accessible Visualization Experiences Designed with Screen Reader Users. In Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI ’23). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1145/3544548.3581186 Unicode ([n. d.]) Unicode. [n. d.]. Braille Patterns. https://unicode.org/charts/nameslist/c_2800.html Wasserman (1985) Anthony I. Wasserman. 1985. Extending state transition diagrams for the specification of human–computer interaction. IEEE transactions on Software Engineering 8 (1985), 699–713. White (2020) Jason J. G. White. 2020. The Accessibility of Mathematical Notation on the Web and Beyond. Journal of Science Education for Students with Disabilities 23, 1 (2020). Wickham (2010) Hadley Wickham. 2010. A Layered Grammar of Graphics. Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics 19, 1 (Jan. 2010), 3–28. https://doi.org/10.1198/jcgs.2009.07098 Wilkinson (2012) Leland Wilkinson. 2012. The Grammar of Graphics. In Handbook of Computational Statistics: Concepts and Methods, James E. Gentle, Wolfgang Karl Härdle, and Yuichi Mori (Eds.). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 375–414. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21551-3_13 Zhao et al. (2012) Kai Zhao et al. 2012. A Novel Braille Display Using the Vibration of SMA Wires and the Evaluation of Braille Presentations. Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering 7, 4 (2012), 416–425. https://doi.org/10.1299/jbse.7.416 Zong et al. (2022) Jonathan Zong, Crystal Lee, Alan Lundgard, JiWoong Jang, Daniel Hajas, and Arvind Satyanarayan. 2022. Rich Screen Reader Experiences for Accessible Data Visualization. Computer Graphics Forum (Proc. EuroVis) 41, 3 (2022), 15–27. Arvind Satyanarayan, Dominik Moritz, Kanit Wongsuphasawat, and Jeffrey Heer. 2016. Vega-lite: A grammar of interactive graphics. IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics 23, 1 (2016), 341–350. Sawada et al. (2012) Yasuhiro Sawada et al. 2012. Displaying Braille for Mobile Use with the Micro-vibration of SMA Wires. (2012), 26–31. https://doi.org/10.1109/hsi.2012.26 Schepers and White (2023) Doug Schepers and Jason White. 2023. SparkBraille: Braille Line Charts. https://fizzstudio.github.io/sparkbraille/. Sharif et al. (2022) Ather Sharif, Olivia H. Wang, Alida T. Muongchan, Katharina Reinecke, and Jacob O. Wobbrock. 2022. VoxLens: Making Online Data Visualizations Accessible with an Interactive JavaScript Plug-In. In CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. ACM, New Orleans LA USA, 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1145/3491102.3517431 Siu et al. (2022) Alexa Siu, Gene S-H Kim, Sile O’Modhrain, and Sean Follmer. 2022. Supporting Accessible Data Visualization Through Audio Data Narratives. In CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. ACM, New Orleans LA USA, 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1145/3491102.3517678 Srinivasan et al. (2023) Arjun Srinivasan, Tim Harshbarger, Darrell Hilliker, and Jennifer Mankoff. 2023. Azimuth: Designing Accessible Dashboards for Screen Reader Users. In Proceedings of the 25th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS ’23). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1145/3597638.3608405 Summers et al. (2014) II Claude Edward Summers, Robert E. Allison JR, Julianna Elizabeth Langston, and Jennifer Antonia Cowley. 2014. Accessible Data Visualizations for Visually Impaired Users. Summers et al. (2019) II Claude Edward Summers, Julianna Elizabeth Langston, Jesse Daniel Sookne, Jesse Benjamin Olley, Kerry Leanne Smith Trout, Cleester Daniel Heath IV, Samuel Edward Kalat, and Paul William Layne. 2019. Converting Graphical Data-Visualizations into Sonified Output. Summers et al. (2022) II Claude Edward Summers, Sean Patrick Mealin, Julianna Elizabeth Langston, Gregory David Kraus, Jonathan Tyler Williamson, Lisa Beth Morton Robinson, Jesse Daniel Sookne, and Brice Joseph Smith. 2022. User Interfaces for Converting Geospatial Data into Audio Outputs. Sweller (1988) John Sweller. 1988. Cognitive Load during Problem Solving: Effects on Learning. Cognitive Science 12, 2 (April 1988), 257–285. https://doi.org/10.1016/0364-0213(88)90023-7 Sweller (2010) John Sweller. 2010. Element Interactivity and Intrinsic, Extraneous, and Germane Cognitive Load. Educational Psychology Review 22, 2 (June 2010), 123–138. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-010-9128-5 Thomas (2006) David R Thomas. 2006. A general inductive approach for analyzing qualitative evaluation data. American journal of evaluation 27, 2 (2006), 237–246. Thompson et al. (2023) John R Thompson, Jesse J Martinez, Alper Sarikaya, Edward Cutrell, and Bongshin Lee. 2023. Chart Reader: Accessible Visualization Experiences Designed with Screen Reader Users. In Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI ’23). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1145/3544548.3581186 Unicode ([n. d.]) Unicode. [n. d.]. Braille Patterns. https://unicode.org/charts/nameslist/c_2800.html Wasserman (1985) Anthony I. Wasserman. 1985. Extending state transition diagrams for the specification of human–computer interaction. IEEE transactions on Software Engineering 8 (1985), 699–713. White (2020) Jason J. G. White. 2020. The Accessibility of Mathematical Notation on the Web and Beyond. Journal of Science Education for Students with Disabilities 23, 1 (2020). Wickham (2010) Hadley Wickham. 2010. A Layered Grammar of Graphics. Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics 19, 1 (Jan. 2010), 3–28. https://doi.org/10.1198/jcgs.2009.07098 Wilkinson (2012) Leland Wilkinson. 2012. The Grammar of Graphics. In Handbook of Computational Statistics: Concepts and Methods, James E. Gentle, Wolfgang Karl Härdle, and Yuichi Mori (Eds.). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 375–414. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21551-3_13 Zhao et al. (2012) Kai Zhao et al. 2012. A Novel Braille Display Using the Vibration of SMA Wires and the Evaluation of Braille Presentations. Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering 7, 4 (2012), 416–425. https://doi.org/10.1299/jbse.7.416 Zong et al. (2022) Jonathan Zong, Crystal Lee, Alan Lundgard, JiWoong Jang, Daniel Hajas, and Arvind Satyanarayan. 2022. Rich Screen Reader Experiences for Accessible Data Visualization. Computer Graphics Forum (Proc. EuroVis) 41, 3 (2022), 15–27. Yasuhiro Sawada et al. 2012. Displaying Braille for Mobile Use with the Micro-vibration of SMA Wires. (2012), 26–31. https://doi.org/10.1109/hsi.2012.26 Schepers and White (2023) Doug Schepers and Jason White. 2023. SparkBraille: Braille Line Charts. https://fizzstudio.github.io/sparkbraille/. Sharif et al. (2022) Ather Sharif, Olivia H. Wang, Alida T. Muongchan, Katharina Reinecke, and Jacob O. Wobbrock. 2022. VoxLens: Making Online Data Visualizations Accessible with an Interactive JavaScript Plug-In. In CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. ACM, New Orleans LA USA, 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1145/3491102.3517431 Siu et al. (2022) Alexa Siu, Gene S-H Kim, Sile O’Modhrain, and Sean Follmer. 2022. Supporting Accessible Data Visualization Through Audio Data Narratives. In CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. ACM, New Orleans LA USA, 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1145/3491102.3517678 Srinivasan et al. (2023) Arjun Srinivasan, Tim Harshbarger, Darrell Hilliker, and Jennifer Mankoff. 2023. Azimuth: Designing Accessible Dashboards for Screen Reader Users. In Proceedings of the 25th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS ’23). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1145/3597638.3608405 Summers et al. (2014) II Claude Edward Summers, Robert E. Allison JR, Julianna Elizabeth Langston, and Jennifer Antonia Cowley. 2014. Accessible Data Visualizations for Visually Impaired Users. Summers et al. (2019) II Claude Edward Summers, Julianna Elizabeth Langston, Jesse Daniel Sookne, Jesse Benjamin Olley, Kerry Leanne Smith Trout, Cleester Daniel Heath IV, Samuel Edward Kalat, and Paul William Layne. 2019. Converting Graphical Data-Visualizations into Sonified Output. Summers et al. (2022) II Claude Edward Summers, Sean Patrick Mealin, Julianna Elizabeth Langston, Gregory David Kraus, Jonathan Tyler Williamson, Lisa Beth Morton Robinson, Jesse Daniel Sookne, and Brice Joseph Smith. 2022. User Interfaces for Converting Geospatial Data into Audio Outputs. Sweller (1988) John Sweller. 1988. Cognitive Load during Problem Solving: Effects on Learning. Cognitive Science 12, 2 (April 1988), 257–285. https://doi.org/10.1016/0364-0213(88)90023-7 Sweller (2010) John Sweller. 2010. Element Interactivity and Intrinsic, Extraneous, and Germane Cognitive Load. Educational Psychology Review 22, 2 (June 2010), 123–138. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-010-9128-5 Thomas (2006) David R Thomas. 2006. A general inductive approach for analyzing qualitative evaluation data. American journal of evaluation 27, 2 (2006), 237–246. Thompson et al. (2023) John R Thompson, Jesse J Martinez, Alper Sarikaya, Edward Cutrell, and Bongshin Lee. 2023. Chart Reader: Accessible Visualization Experiences Designed with Screen Reader Users. In Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI ’23). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1145/3544548.3581186 Unicode ([n. d.]) Unicode. [n. d.]. Braille Patterns. https://unicode.org/charts/nameslist/c_2800.html Wasserman (1985) Anthony I. Wasserman. 1985. Extending state transition diagrams for the specification of human–computer interaction. IEEE transactions on Software Engineering 8 (1985), 699–713. White (2020) Jason J. G. White. 2020. The Accessibility of Mathematical Notation on the Web and Beyond. Journal of Science Education for Students with Disabilities 23, 1 (2020). Wickham (2010) Hadley Wickham. 2010. A Layered Grammar of Graphics. Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics 19, 1 (Jan. 2010), 3–28. https://doi.org/10.1198/jcgs.2009.07098 Wilkinson (2012) Leland Wilkinson. 2012. The Grammar of Graphics. In Handbook of Computational Statistics: Concepts and Methods, James E. Gentle, Wolfgang Karl Härdle, and Yuichi Mori (Eds.). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 375–414. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21551-3_13 Zhao et al. (2012) Kai Zhao et al. 2012. A Novel Braille Display Using the Vibration of SMA Wires and the Evaluation of Braille Presentations. Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering 7, 4 (2012), 416–425. https://doi.org/10.1299/jbse.7.416 Zong et al. (2022) Jonathan Zong, Crystal Lee, Alan Lundgard, JiWoong Jang, Daniel Hajas, and Arvind Satyanarayan. 2022. Rich Screen Reader Experiences for Accessible Data Visualization. Computer Graphics Forum (Proc. EuroVis) 41, 3 (2022), 15–27. Doug Schepers and Jason White. 2023. SparkBraille: Braille Line Charts. https://fizzstudio.github.io/sparkbraille/. Sharif et al. (2022) Ather Sharif, Olivia H. Wang, Alida T. Muongchan, Katharina Reinecke, and Jacob O. Wobbrock. 2022. VoxLens: Making Online Data Visualizations Accessible with an Interactive JavaScript Plug-In. In CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. ACM, New Orleans LA USA, 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1145/3491102.3517431 Siu et al. (2022) Alexa Siu, Gene S-H Kim, Sile O’Modhrain, and Sean Follmer. 2022. Supporting Accessible Data Visualization Through Audio Data Narratives. In CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. ACM, New Orleans LA USA, 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1145/3491102.3517678 Srinivasan et al. (2023) Arjun Srinivasan, Tim Harshbarger, Darrell Hilliker, and Jennifer Mankoff. 2023. Azimuth: Designing Accessible Dashboards for Screen Reader Users. In Proceedings of the 25th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS ’23). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1145/3597638.3608405 Summers et al. (2014) II Claude Edward Summers, Robert E. Allison JR, Julianna Elizabeth Langston, and Jennifer Antonia Cowley. 2014. Accessible Data Visualizations for Visually Impaired Users. Summers et al. (2019) II Claude Edward Summers, Julianna Elizabeth Langston, Jesse Daniel Sookne, Jesse Benjamin Olley, Kerry Leanne Smith Trout, Cleester Daniel Heath IV, Samuel Edward Kalat, and Paul William Layne. 2019. Converting Graphical Data-Visualizations into Sonified Output. Summers et al. (2022) II Claude Edward Summers, Sean Patrick Mealin, Julianna Elizabeth Langston, Gregory David Kraus, Jonathan Tyler Williamson, Lisa Beth Morton Robinson, Jesse Daniel Sookne, and Brice Joseph Smith. 2022. User Interfaces for Converting Geospatial Data into Audio Outputs. Sweller (1988) John Sweller. 1988. Cognitive Load during Problem Solving: Effects on Learning. Cognitive Science 12, 2 (April 1988), 257–285. https://doi.org/10.1016/0364-0213(88)90023-7 Sweller (2010) John Sweller. 2010. Element Interactivity and Intrinsic, Extraneous, and Germane Cognitive Load. Educational Psychology Review 22, 2 (June 2010), 123–138. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-010-9128-5 Thomas (2006) David R Thomas. 2006. A general inductive approach for analyzing qualitative evaluation data. American journal of evaluation 27, 2 (2006), 237–246. Thompson et al. (2023) John R Thompson, Jesse J Martinez, Alper Sarikaya, Edward Cutrell, and Bongshin Lee. 2023. Chart Reader: Accessible Visualization Experiences Designed with Screen Reader Users. In Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI ’23). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1145/3544548.3581186 Unicode ([n. d.]) Unicode. [n. d.]. Braille Patterns. https://unicode.org/charts/nameslist/c_2800.html Wasserman (1985) Anthony I. Wasserman. 1985. Extending state transition diagrams for the specification of human–computer interaction. IEEE transactions on Software Engineering 8 (1985), 699–713. White (2020) Jason J. G. White. 2020. The Accessibility of Mathematical Notation on the Web and Beyond. Journal of Science Education for Students with Disabilities 23, 1 (2020). Wickham (2010) Hadley Wickham. 2010. A Layered Grammar of Graphics. Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics 19, 1 (Jan. 2010), 3–28. https://doi.org/10.1198/jcgs.2009.07098 Wilkinson (2012) Leland Wilkinson. 2012. The Grammar of Graphics. In Handbook of Computational Statistics: Concepts and Methods, James E. Gentle, Wolfgang Karl Härdle, and Yuichi Mori (Eds.). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 375–414. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21551-3_13 Zhao et al. (2012) Kai Zhao et al. 2012. A Novel Braille Display Using the Vibration of SMA Wires and the Evaluation of Braille Presentations. Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering 7, 4 (2012), 416–425. https://doi.org/10.1299/jbse.7.416 Zong et al. (2022) Jonathan Zong, Crystal Lee, Alan Lundgard, JiWoong Jang, Daniel Hajas, and Arvind Satyanarayan. 2022. Rich Screen Reader Experiences for Accessible Data Visualization. Computer Graphics Forum (Proc. EuroVis) 41, 3 (2022), 15–27. Ather Sharif, Olivia H. Wang, Alida T. Muongchan, Katharina Reinecke, and Jacob O. Wobbrock. 2022. VoxLens: Making Online Data Visualizations Accessible with an Interactive JavaScript Plug-In. In CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. ACM, New Orleans LA USA, 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1145/3491102.3517431 Siu et al. (2022) Alexa Siu, Gene S-H Kim, Sile O’Modhrain, and Sean Follmer. 2022. Supporting Accessible Data Visualization Through Audio Data Narratives. In CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. ACM, New Orleans LA USA, 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1145/3491102.3517678 Srinivasan et al. (2023) Arjun Srinivasan, Tim Harshbarger, Darrell Hilliker, and Jennifer Mankoff. 2023. Azimuth: Designing Accessible Dashboards for Screen Reader Users. In Proceedings of the 25th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS ’23). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1145/3597638.3608405 Summers et al. (2014) II Claude Edward Summers, Robert E. Allison JR, Julianna Elizabeth Langston, and Jennifer Antonia Cowley. 2014. Accessible Data Visualizations for Visually Impaired Users. Summers et al. (2019) II Claude Edward Summers, Julianna Elizabeth Langston, Jesse Daniel Sookne, Jesse Benjamin Olley, Kerry Leanne Smith Trout, Cleester Daniel Heath IV, Samuel Edward Kalat, and Paul William Layne. 2019. Converting Graphical Data-Visualizations into Sonified Output. Summers et al. (2022) II Claude Edward Summers, Sean Patrick Mealin, Julianna Elizabeth Langston, Gregory David Kraus, Jonathan Tyler Williamson, Lisa Beth Morton Robinson, Jesse Daniel Sookne, and Brice Joseph Smith. 2022. User Interfaces for Converting Geospatial Data into Audio Outputs. Sweller (1988) John Sweller. 1988. Cognitive Load during Problem Solving: Effects on Learning. Cognitive Science 12, 2 (April 1988), 257–285. https://doi.org/10.1016/0364-0213(88)90023-7 Sweller (2010) John Sweller. 2010. Element Interactivity and Intrinsic, Extraneous, and Germane Cognitive Load. Educational Psychology Review 22, 2 (June 2010), 123–138. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-010-9128-5 Thomas (2006) David R Thomas. 2006. A general inductive approach for analyzing qualitative evaluation data. American journal of evaluation 27, 2 (2006), 237–246. Thompson et al. (2023) John R Thompson, Jesse J Martinez, Alper Sarikaya, Edward Cutrell, and Bongshin Lee. 2023. Chart Reader: Accessible Visualization Experiences Designed with Screen Reader Users. In Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI ’23). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1145/3544548.3581186 Unicode ([n. d.]) Unicode. [n. d.]. Braille Patterns. https://unicode.org/charts/nameslist/c_2800.html Wasserman (1985) Anthony I. Wasserman. 1985. Extending state transition diagrams for the specification of human–computer interaction. IEEE transactions on Software Engineering 8 (1985), 699–713. White (2020) Jason J. G. White. 2020. The Accessibility of Mathematical Notation on the Web and Beyond. Journal of Science Education for Students with Disabilities 23, 1 (2020). Wickham (2010) Hadley Wickham. 2010. A Layered Grammar of Graphics. Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics 19, 1 (Jan. 2010), 3–28. https://doi.org/10.1198/jcgs.2009.07098 Wilkinson (2012) Leland Wilkinson. 2012. The Grammar of Graphics. In Handbook of Computational Statistics: Concepts and Methods, James E. Gentle, Wolfgang Karl Härdle, and Yuichi Mori (Eds.). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 375–414. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21551-3_13 Zhao et al. (2012) Kai Zhao et al. 2012. A Novel Braille Display Using the Vibration of SMA Wires and the Evaluation of Braille Presentations. Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering 7, 4 (2012), 416–425. https://doi.org/10.1299/jbse.7.416 Zong et al. (2022) Jonathan Zong, Crystal Lee, Alan Lundgard, JiWoong Jang, Daniel Hajas, and Arvind Satyanarayan. 2022. Rich Screen Reader Experiences for Accessible Data Visualization. Computer Graphics Forum (Proc. EuroVis) 41, 3 (2022), 15–27. Alexa Siu, Gene S-H Kim, Sile O’Modhrain, and Sean Follmer. 2022. Supporting Accessible Data Visualization Through Audio Data Narratives. In CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. ACM, New Orleans LA USA, 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1145/3491102.3517678 Srinivasan et al. (2023) Arjun Srinivasan, Tim Harshbarger, Darrell Hilliker, and Jennifer Mankoff. 2023. Azimuth: Designing Accessible Dashboards for Screen Reader Users. In Proceedings of the 25th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS ’23). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1145/3597638.3608405 Summers et al. (2014) II Claude Edward Summers, Robert E. Allison JR, Julianna Elizabeth Langston, and Jennifer Antonia Cowley. 2014. Accessible Data Visualizations for Visually Impaired Users. Summers et al. (2019) II Claude Edward Summers, Julianna Elizabeth Langston, Jesse Daniel Sookne, Jesse Benjamin Olley, Kerry Leanne Smith Trout, Cleester Daniel Heath IV, Samuel Edward Kalat, and Paul William Layne. 2019. Converting Graphical Data-Visualizations into Sonified Output. Summers et al. (2022) II Claude Edward Summers, Sean Patrick Mealin, Julianna Elizabeth Langston, Gregory David Kraus, Jonathan Tyler Williamson, Lisa Beth Morton Robinson, Jesse Daniel Sookne, and Brice Joseph Smith. 2022. User Interfaces for Converting Geospatial Data into Audio Outputs. Sweller (1988) John Sweller. 1988. Cognitive Load during Problem Solving: Effects on Learning. Cognitive Science 12, 2 (April 1988), 257–285. https://doi.org/10.1016/0364-0213(88)90023-7 Sweller (2010) John Sweller. 2010. Element Interactivity and Intrinsic, Extraneous, and Germane Cognitive Load. Educational Psychology Review 22, 2 (June 2010), 123–138. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-010-9128-5 Thomas (2006) David R Thomas. 2006. A general inductive approach for analyzing qualitative evaluation data. American journal of evaluation 27, 2 (2006), 237–246. Thompson et al. (2023) John R Thompson, Jesse J Martinez, Alper Sarikaya, Edward Cutrell, and Bongshin Lee. 2023. Chart Reader: Accessible Visualization Experiences Designed with Screen Reader Users. In Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI ’23). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1145/3544548.3581186 Unicode ([n. d.]) Unicode. [n. d.]. Braille Patterns. https://unicode.org/charts/nameslist/c_2800.html Wasserman (1985) Anthony I. Wasserman. 1985. Extending state transition diagrams for the specification of human–computer interaction. IEEE transactions on Software Engineering 8 (1985), 699–713. White (2020) Jason J. G. White. 2020. The Accessibility of Mathematical Notation on the Web and Beyond. Journal of Science Education for Students with Disabilities 23, 1 (2020). Wickham (2010) Hadley Wickham. 2010. A Layered Grammar of Graphics. Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics 19, 1 (Jan. 2010), 3–28. https://doi.org/10.1198/jcgs.2009.07098 Wilkinson (2012) Leland Wilkinson. 2012. The Grammar of Graphics. In Handbook of Computational Statistics: Concepts and Methods, James E. Gentle, Wolfgang Karl Härdle, and Yuichi Mori (Eds.). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 375–414. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21551-3_13 Zhao et al. (2012) Kai Zhao et al. 2012. A Novel Braille Display Using the Vibration of SMA Wires and the Evaluation of Braille Presentations. Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering 7, 4 (2012), 416–425. https://doi.org/10.1299/jbse.7.416 Zong et al. (2022) Jonathan Zong, Crystal Lee, Alan Lundgard, JiWoong Jang, Daniel Hajas, and Arvind Satyanarayan. 2022. Rich Screen Reader Experiences for Accessible Data Visualization. Computer Graphics Forum (Proc. EuroVis) 41, 3 (2022), 15–27. Arjun Srinivasan, Tim Harshbarger, Darrell Hilliker, and Jennifer Mankoff. 2023. Azimuth: Designing Accessible Dashboards for Screen Reader Users. In Proceedings of the 25th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS ’23). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1145/3597638.3608405 Summers et al. (2014) II Claude Edward Summers, Robert E. Allison JR, Julianna Elizabeth Langston, and Jennifer Antonia Cowley. 2014. Accessible Data Visualizations for Visually Impaired Users. Summers et al. (2019) II Claude Edward Summers, Julianna Elizabeth Langston, Jesse Daniel Sookne, Jesse Benjamin Olley, Kerry Leanne Smith Trout, Cleester Daniel Heath IV, Samuel Edward Kalat, and Paul William Layne. 2019. Converting Graphical Data-Visualizations into Sonified Output. Summers et al. (2022) II Claude Edward Summers, Sean Patrick Mealin, Julianna Elizabeth Langston, Gregory David Kraus, Jonathan Tyler Williamson, Lisa Beth Morton Robinson, Jesse Daniel Sookne, and Brice Joseph Smith. 2022. User Interfaces for Converting Geospatial Data into Audio Outputs. Sweller (1988) John Sweller. 1988. Cognitive Load during Problem Solving: Effects on Learning. Cognitive Science 12, 2 (April 1988), 257–285. https://doi.org/10.1016/0364-0213(88)90023-7 Sweller (2010) John Sweller. 2010. Element Interactivity and Intrinsic, Extraneous, and Germane Cognitive Load. Educational Psychology Review 22, 2 (June 2010), 123–138. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-010-9128-5 Thomas (2006) David R Thomas. 2006. A general inductive approach for analyzing qualitative evaluation data. American journal of evaluation 27, 2 (2006), 237–246. Thompson et al. (2023) John R Thompson, Jesse J Martinez, Alper Sarikaya, Edward Cutrell, and Bongshin Lee. 2023. Chart Reader: Accessible Visualization Experiences Designed with Screen Reader Users. In Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI ’23). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1145/3544548.3581186 Unicode ([n. d.]) Unicode. [n. d.]. Braille Patterns. https://unicode.org/charts/nameslist/c_2800.html Wasserman (1985) Anthony I. Wasserman. 1985. Extending state transition diagrams for the specification of human–computer interaction. IEEE transactions on Software Engineering 8 (1985), 699–713. White (2020) Jason J. G. White. 2020. The Accessibility of Mathematical Notation on the Web and Beyond. Journal of Science Education for Students with Disabilities 23, 1 (2020). Wickham (2010) Hadley Wickham. 2010. A Layered Grammar of Graphics. Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics 19, 1 (Jan. 2010), 3–28. https://doi.org/10.1198/jcgs.2009.07098 Wilkinson (2012) Leland Wilkinson. 2012. The Grammar of Graphics. In Handbook of Computational Statistics: Concepts and Methods, James E. Gentle, Wolfgang Karl Härdle, and Yuichi Mori (Eds.). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 375–414. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21551-3_13 Zhao et al. (2012) Kai Zhao et al. 2012. A Novel Braille Display Using the Vibration of SMA Wires and the Evaluation of Braille Presentations. Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering 7, 4 (2012), 416–425. https://doi.org/10.1299/jbse.7.416 Zong et al. (2022) Jonathan Zong, Crystal Lee, Alan Lundgard, JiWoong Jang, Daniel Hajas, and Arvind Satyanarayan. 2022. Rich Screen Reader Experiences for Accessible Data Visualization. Computer Graphics Forum (Proc. EuroVis) 41, 3 (2022), 15–27. II Claude Edward Summers, Robert E. Allison JR, Julianna Elizabeth Langston, and Jennifer Antonia Cowley. 2014. Accessible Data Visualizations for Visually Impaired Users. Summers et al. (2019) II Claude Edward Summers, Julianna Elizabeth Langston, Jesse Daniel Sookne, Jesse Benjamin Olley, Kerry Leanne Smith Trout, Cleester Daniel Heath IV, Samuel Edward Kalat, and Paul William Layne. 2019. Converting Graphical Data-Visualizations into Sonified Output. Summers et al. (2022) II Claude Edward Summers, Sean Patrick Mealin, Julianna Elizabeth Langston, Gregory David Kraus, Jonathan Tyler Williamson, Lisa Beth Morton Robinson, Jesse Daniel Sookne, and Brice Joseph Smith. 2022. User Interfaces for Converting Geospatial Data into Audio Outputs. Sweller (1988) John Sweller. 1988. Cognitive Load during Problem Solving: Effects on Learning. Cognitive Science 12, 2 (April 1988), 257–285. https://doi.org/10.1016/0364-0213(88)90023-7 Sweller (2010) John Sweller. 2010. Element Interactivity and Intrinsic, Extraneous, and Germane Cognitive Load. Educational Psychology Review 22, 2 (June 2010), 123–138. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-010-9128-5 Thomas (2006) David R Thomas. 2006. A general inductive approach for analyzing qualitative evaluation data. American journal of evaluation 27, 2 (2006), 237–246. Thompson et al. (2023) John R Thompson, Jesse J Martinez, Alper Sarikaya, Edward Cutrell, and Bongshin Lee. 2023. Chart Reader: Accessible Visualization Experiences Designed with Screen Reader Users. In Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI ’23). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1145/3544548.3581186 Unicode ([n. d.]) Unicode. [n. d.]. Braille Patterns. https://unicode.org/charts/nameslist/c_2800.html Wasserman (1985) Anthony I. Wasserman. 1985. Extending state transition diagrams for the specification of human–computer interaction. IEEE transactions on Software Engineering 8 (1985), 699–713. White (2020) Jason J. G. White. 2020. The Accessibility of Mathematical Notation on the Web and Beyond. Journal of Science Education for Students with Disabilities 23, 1 (2020). Wickham (2010) Hadley Wickham. 2010. A Layered Grammar of Graphics. Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics 19, 1 (Jan. 2010), 3–28. https://doi.org/10.1198/jcgs.2009.07098 Wilkinson (2012) Leland Wilkinson. 2012. The Grammar of Graphics. In Handbook of Computational Statistics: Concepts and Methods, James E. Gentle, Wolfgang Karl Härdle, and Yuichi Mori (Eds.). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 375–414. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21551-3_13 Zhao et al. (2012) Kai Zhao et al. 2012. A Novel Braille Display Using the Vibration of SMA Wires and the Evaluation of Braille Presentations. Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering 7, 4 (2012), 416–425. https://doi.org/10.1299/jbse.7.416 Zong et al. (2022) Jonathan Zong, Crystal Lee, Alan Lundgard, JiWoong Jang, Daniel Hajas, and Arvind Satyanarayan. 2022. Rich Screen Reader Experiences for Accessible Data Visualization. Computer Graphics Forum (Proc. EuroVis) 41, 3 (2022), 15–27. II Claude Edward Summers, Julianna Elizabeth Langston, Jesse Daniel Sookne, Jesse Benjamin Olley, Kerry Leanne Smith Trout, Cleester Daniel Heath IV, Samuel Edward Kalat, and Paul William Layne. 2019. Converting Graphical Data-Visualizations into Sonified Output. Summers et al. (2022) II Claude Edward Summers, Sean Patrick Mealin, Julianna Elizabeth Langston, Gregory David Kraus, Jonathan Tyler Williamson, Lisa Beth Morton Robinson, Jesse Daniel Sookne, and Brice Joseph Smith. 2022. User Interfaces for Converting Geospatial Data into Audio Outputs. Sweller (1988) John Sweller. 1988. Cognitive Load during Problem Solving: Effects on Learning. Cognitive Science 12, 2 (April 1988), 257–285. https://doi.org/10.1016/0364-0213(88)90023-7 Sweller (2010) John Sweller. 2010. Element Interactivity and Intrinsic, Extraneous, and Germane Cognitive Load. Educational Psychology Review 22, 2 (June 2010), 123–138. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-010-9128-5 Thomas (2006) David R Thomas. 2006. A general inductive approach for analyzing qualitative evaluation data. American journal of evaluation 27, 2 (2006), 237–246. Thompson et al. (2023) John R Thompson, Jesse J Martinez, Alper Sarikaya, Edward Cutrell, and Bongshin Lee. 2023. Chart Reader: Accessible Visualization Experiences Designed with Screen Reader Users. In Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI ’23). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1145/3544548.3581186 Unicode ([n. d.]) Unicode. [n. d.]. Braille Patterns. https://unicode.org/charts/nameslist/c_2800.html Wasserman (1985) Anthony I. Wasserman. 1985. Extending state transition diagrams for the specification of human–computer interaction. IEEE transactions on Software Engineering 8 (1985), 699–713. White (2020) Jason J. G. White. 2020. The Accessibility of Mathematical Notation on the Web and Beyond. Journal of Science Education for Students with Disabilities 23, 1 (2020). Wickham (2010) Hadley Wickham. 2010. A Layered Grammar of Graphics. Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics 19, 1 (Jan. 2010), 3–28. https://doi.org/10.1198/jcgs.2009.07098 Wilkinson (2012) Leland Wilkinson. 2012. The Grammar of Graphics. In Handbook of Computational Statistics: Concepts and Methods, James E. Gentle, Wolfgang Karl Härdle, and Yuichi Mori (Eds.). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 375–414. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21551-3_13 Zhao et al. (2012) Kai Zhao et al. 2012. A Novel Braille Display Using the Vibration of SMA Wires and the Evaluation of Braille Presentations. Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering 7, 4 (2012), 416–425. https://doi.org/10.1299/jbse.7.416 Zong et al. (2022) Jonathan Zong, Crystal Lee, Alan Lundgard, JiWoong Jang, Daniel Hajas, and Arvind Satyanarayan. 2022. Rich Screen Reader Experiences for Accessible Data Visualization. Computer Graphics Forum (Proc. EuroVis) 41, 3 (2022), 15–27. II Claude Edward Summers, Sean Patrick Mealin, Julianna Elizabeth Langston, Gregory David Kraus, Jonathan Tyler Williamson, Lisa Beth Morton Robinson, Jesse Daniel Sookne, and Brice Joseph Smith. 2022. User Interfaces for Converting Geospatial Data into Audio Outputs. Sweller (1988) John Sweller. 1988. Cognitive Load during Problem Solving: Effects on Learning. Cognitive Science 12, 2 (April 1988), 257–285. https://doi.org/10.1016/0364-0213(88)90023-7 Sweller (2010) John Sweller. 2010. Element Interactivity and Intrinsic, Extraneous, and Germane Cognitive Load. Educational Psychology Review 22, 2 (June 2010), 123–138. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-010-9128-5 Thomas (2006) David R Thomas. 2006. A general inductive approach for analyzing qualitative evaluation data. American journal of evaluation 27, 2 (2006), 237–246. Thompson et al. (2023) John R Thompson, Jesse J Martinez, Alper Sarikaya, Edward Cutrell, and Bongshin Lee. 2023. Chart Reader: Accessible Visualization Experiences Designed with Screen Reader Users. In Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI ’23). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1145/3544548.3581186 Unicode ([n. d.]) Unicode. [n. d.]. Braille Patterns. https://unicode.org/charts/nameslist/c_2800.html Wasserman (1985) Anthony I. Wasserman. 1985. Extending state transition diagrams for the specification of human–computer interaction. IEEE transactions on Software Engineering 8 (1985), 699–713. White (2020) Jason J. G. White. 2020. The Accessibility of Mathematical Notation on the Web and Beyond. Journal of Science Education for Students with Disabilities 23, 1 (2020). Wickham (2010) Hadley Wickham. 2010. A Layered Grammar of Graphics. Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics 19, 1 (Jan. 2010), 3–28. https://doi.org/10.1198/jcgs.2009.07098 Wilkinson (2012) Leland Wilkinson. 2012. The Grammar of Graphics. In Handbook of Computational Statistics: Concepts and Methods, James E. Gentle, Wolfgang Karl Härdle, and Yuichi Mori (Eds.). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 375–414. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21551-3_13 Zhao et al. (2012) Kai Zhao et al. 2012. A Novel Braille Display Using the Vibration of SMA Wires and the Evaluation of Braille Presentations. Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering 7, 4 (2012), 416–425. https://doi.org/10.1299/jbse.7.416 Zong et al. (2022) Jonathan Zong, Crystal Lee, Alan Lundgard, JiWoong Jang, Daniel Hajas, and Arvind Satyanarayan. 2022. Rich Screen Reader Experiences for Accessible Data Visualization. Computer Graphics Forum (Proc. EuroVis) 41, 3 (2022), 15–27. John Sweller. 1988. Cognitive Load during Problem Solving: Effects on Learning. Cognitive Science 12, 2 (April 1988), 257–285. https://doi.org/10.1016/0364-0213(88)90023-7 Sweller (2010) John Sweller. 2010. Element Interactivity and Intrinsic, Extraneous, and Germane Cognitive Load. Educational Psychology Review 22, 2 (June 2010), 123–138. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-010-9128-5 Thomas (2006) David R Thomas. 2006. A general inductive approach for analyzing qualitative evaluation data. American journal of evaluation 27, 2 (2006), 237–246. Thompson et al. (2023) John R Thompson, Jesse J Martinez, Alper Sarikaya, Edward Cutrell, and Bongshin Lee. 2023. Chart Reader: Accessible Visualization Experiences Designed with Screen Reader Users. In Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI ’23). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1145/3544548.3581186 Unicode ([n. d.]) Unicode. [n. d.]. Braille Patterns. https://unicode.org/charts/nameslist/c_2800.html Wasserman (1985) Anthony I. Wasserman. 1985. Extending state transition diagrams for the specification of human–computer interaction. IEEE transactions on Software Engineering 8 (1985), 699–713. White (2020) Jason J. G. White. 2020. The Accessibility of Mathematical Notation on the Web and Beyond. Journal of Science Education for Students with Disabilities 23, 1 (2020). Wickham (2010) Hadley Wickham. 2010. A Layered Grammar of Graphics. Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics 19, 1 (Jan. 2010), 3–28. https://doi.org/10.1198/jcgs.2009.07098 Wilkinson (2012) Leland Wilkinson. 2012. The Grammar of Graphics. In Handbook of Computational Statistics: Concepts and Methods, James E. Gentle, Wolfgang Karl Härdle, and Yuichi Mori (Eds.). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 375–414. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21551-3_13 Zhao et al. (2012) Kai Zhao et al. 2012. A Novel Braille Display Using the Vibration of SMA Wires and the Evaluation of Braille Presentations. Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering 7, 4 (2012), 416–425. https://doi.org/10.1299/jbse.7.416 Zong et al. (2022) Jonathan Zong, Crystal Lee, Alan Lundgard, JiWoong Jang, Daniel Hajas, and Arvind Satyanarayan. 2022. Rich Screen Reader Experiences for Accessible Data Visualization. Computer Graphics Forum (Proc. EuroVis) 41, 3 (2022), 15–27. John Sweller. 2010. Element Interactivity and Intrinsic, Extraneous, and Germane Cognitive Load. Educational Psychology Review 22, 2 (June 2010), 123–138. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-010-9128-5 Thomas (2006) David R Thomas. 2006. A general inductive approach for analyzing qualitative evaluation data. American journal of evaluation 27, 2 (2006), 237–246. Thompson et al. (2023) John R Thompson, Jesse J Martinez, Alper Sarikaya, Edward Cutrell, and Bongshin Lee. 2023. Chart Reader: Accessible Visualization Experiences Designed with Screen Reader Users. In Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI ’23). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1145/3544548.3581186 Unicode ([n. d.]) Unicode. [n. d.]. Braille Patterns. https://unicode.org/charts/nameslist/c_2800.html Wasserman (1985) Anthony I. Wasserman. 1985. Extending state transition diagrams for the specification of human–computer interaction. IEEE transactions on Software Engineering 8 (1985), 699–713. White (2020) Jason J. G. White. 2020. The Accessibility of Mathematical Notation on the Web and Beyond. Journal of Science Education for Students with Disabilities 23, 1 (2020). Wickham (2010) Hadley Wickham. 2010. A Layered Grammar of Graphics. Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics 19, 1 (Jan. 2010), 3–28. https://doi.org/10.1198/jcgs.2009.07098 Wilkinson (2012) Leland Wilkinson. 2012. The Grammar of Graphics. In Handbook of Computational Statistics: Concepts and Methods, James E. Gentle, Wolfgang Karl Härdle, and Yuichi Mori (Eds.). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 375–414. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21551-3_13 Zhao et al. (2012) Kai Zhao et al. 2012. A Novel Braille Display Using the Vibration of SMA Wires and the Evaluation of Braille Presentations. Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering 7, 4 (2012), 416–425. https://doi.org/10.1299/jbse.7.416 Zong et al. (2022) Jonathan Zong, Crystal Lee, Alan Lundgard, JiWoong Jang, Daniel Hajas, and Arvind Satyanarayan. 2022. Rich Screen Reader Experiences for Accessible Data Visualization. Computer Graphics Forum (Proc. EuroVis) 41, 3 (2022), 15–27. David R Thomas. 2006. A general inductive approach for analyzing qualitative evaluation data. American journal of evaluation 27, 2 (2006), 237–246. Thompson et al. (2023) John R Thompson, Jesse J Martinez, Alper Sarikaya, Edward Cutrell, and Bongshin Lee. 2023. Chart Reader: Accessible Visualization Experiences Designed with Screen Reader Users. In Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI ’23). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1145/3544548.3581186 Unicode ([n. d.]) Unicode. [n. d.]. Braille Patterns. https://unicode.org/charts/nameslist/c_2800.html Wasserman (1985) Anthony I. Wasserman. 1985. Extending state transition diagrams for the specification of human–computer interaction. IEEE transactions on Software Engineering 8 (1985), 699–713. White (2020) Jason J. G. White. 2020. The Accessibility of Mathematical Notation on the Web and Beyond. Journal of Science Education for Students with Disabilities 23, 1 (2020). Wickham (2010) Hadley Wickham. 2010. A Layered Grammar of Graphics. Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics 19, 1 (Jan. 2010), 3–28. https://doi.org/10.1198/jcgs.2009.07098 Wilkinson (2012) Leland Wilkinson. 2012. The Grammar of Graphics. In Handbook of Computational Statistics: Concepts and Methods, James E. Gentle, Wolfgang Karl Härdle, and Yuichi Mori (Eds.). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 375–414. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21551-3_13 Zhao et al. (2012) Kai Zhao et al. 2012. A Novel Braille Display Using the Vibration of SMA Wires and the Evaluation of Braille Presentations. Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering 7, 4 (2012), 416–425. https://doi.org/10.1299/jbse.7.416 Zong et al. (2022) Jonathan Zong, Crystal Lee, Alan Lundgard, JiWoong Jang, Daniel Hajas, and Arvind Satyanarayan. 2022. Rich Screen Reader Experiences for Accessible Data Visualization. Computer Graphics Forum (Proc. EuroVis) 41, 3 (2022), 15–27. John R Thompson, Jesse J Martinez, Alper Sarikaya, Edward Cutrell, and Bongshin Lee. 2023. Chart Reader: Accessible Visualization Experiences Designed with Screen Reader Users. In Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI ’23). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1145/3544548.3581186 Unicode ([n. d.]) Unicode. [n. d.]. Braille Patterns. https://unicode.org/charts/nameslist/c_2800.html Wasserman (1985) Anthony I. Wasserman. 1985. Extending state transition diagrams for the specification of human–computer interaction. IEEE transactions on Software Engineering 8 (1985), 699–713. White (2020) Jason J. G. White. 2020. The Accessibility of Mathematical Notation on the Web and Beyond. Journal of Science Education for Students with Disabilities 23, 1 (2020). Wickham (2010) Hadley Wickham. 2010. A Layered Grammar of Graphics. Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics 19, 1 (Jan. 2010), 3–28. https://doi.org/10.1198/jcgs.2009.07098 Wilkinson (2012) Leland Wilkinson. 2012. The Grammar of Graphics. In Handbook of Computational Statistics: Concepts and Methods, James E. Gentle, Wolfgang Karl Härdle, and Yuichi Mori (Eds.). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 375–414. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21551-3_13 Zhao et al. (2012) Kai Zhao et al. 2012. A Novel Braille Display Using the Vibration of SMA Wires and the Evaluation of Braille Presentations. Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering 7, 4 (2012), 416–425. https://doi.org/10.1299/jbse.7.416 Zong et al. (2022) Jonathan Zong, Crystal Lee, Alan Lundgard, JiWoong Jang, Daniel Hajas, and Arvind Satyanarayan. 2022. Rich Screen Reader Experiences for Accessible Data Visualization. Computer Graphics Forum (Proc. EuroVis) 41, 3 (2022), 15–27. Unicode. [n. d.]. Braille Patterns. https://unicode.org/charts/nameslist/c_2800.html Wasserman (1985) Anthony I. Wasserman. 1985. Extending state transition diagrams for the specification of human–computer interaction. IEEE transactions on Software Engineering 8 (1985), 699–713. White (2020) Jason J. G. White. 2020. The Accessibility of Mathematical Notation on the Web and Beyond. Journal of Science Education for Students with Disabilities 23, 1 (2020). Wickham (2010) Hadley Wickham. 2010. A Layered Grammar of Graphics. Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics 19, 1 (Jan. 2010), 3–28. https://doi.org/10.1198/jcgs.2009.07098 Wilkinson (2012) Leland Wilkinson. 2012. The Grammar of Graphics. In Handbook of Computational Statistics: Concepts and Methods, James E. Gentle, Wolfgang Karl Härdle, and Yuichi Mori (Eds.). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 375–414. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21551-3_13 Zhao et al. (2012) Kai Zhao et al. 2012. A Novel Braille Display Using the Vibration of SMA Wires and the Evaluation of Braille Presentations. Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering 7, 4 (2012), 416–425. https://doi.org/10.1299/jbse.7.416 Zong et al. (2022) Jonathan Zong, Crystal Lee, Alan Lundgard, JiWoong Jang, Daniel Hajas, and Arvind Satyanarayan. 2022. Rich Screen Reader Experiences for Accessible Data Visualization. Computer Graphics Forum (Proc. EuroVis) 41, 3 (2022), 15–27. Anthony I. Wasserman. 1985. Extending state transition diagrams for the specification of human–computer interaction. IEEE transactions on Software Engineering 8 (1985), 699–713. White (2020) Jason J. G. White. 2020. The Accessibility of Mathematical Notation on the Web and Beyond. Journal of Science Education for Students with Disabilities 23, 1 (2020). Wickham (2010) Hadley Wickham. 2010. A Layered Grammar of Graphics. Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics 19, 1 (Jan. 2010), 3–28. https://doi.org/10.1198/jcgs.2009.07098 Wilkinson (2012) Leland Wilkinson. 2012. The Grammar of Graphics. In Handbook of Computational Statistics: Concepts and Methods, James E. Gentle, Wolfgang Karl Härdle, and Yuichi Mori (Eds.). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 375–414. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21551-3_13 Zhao et al. (2012) Kai Zhao et al. 2012. A Novel Braille Display Using the Vibration of SMA Wires and the Evaluation of Braille Presentations. Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering 7, 4 (2012), 416–425. https://doi.org/10.1299/jbse.7.416 Zong et al. (2022) Jonathan Zong, Crystal Lee, Alan Lundgard, JiWoong Jang, Daniel Hajas, and Arvind Satyanarayan. 2022. Rich Screen Reader Experiences for Accessible Data Visualization. Computer Graphics Forum (Proc. EuroVis) 41, 3 (2022), 15–27. Jason J. G. White. 2020. The Accessibility of Mathematical Notation on the Web and Beyond. Journal of Science Education for Students with Disabilities 23, 1 (2020). Wickham (2010) Hadley Wickham. 2010. A Layered Grammar of Graphics. Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics 19, 1 (Jan. 2010), 3–28. https://doi.org/10.1198/jcgs.2009.07098 Wilkinson (2012) Leland Wilkinson. 2012. The Grammar of Graphics. In Handbook of Computational Statistics: Concepts and Methods, James E. Gentle, Wolfgang Karl Härdle, and Yuichi Mori (Eds.). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 375–414. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21551-3_13 Zhao et al. (2012) Kai Zhao et al. 2012. A Novel Braille Display Using the Vibration of SMA Wires and the Evaluation of Braille Presentations. Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering 7, 4 (2012), 416–425. https://doi.org/10.1299/jbse.7.416 Zong et al. (2022) Jonathan Zong, Crystal Lee, Alan Lundgard, JiWoong Jang, Daniel Hajas, and Arvind Satyanarayan. 2022. Rich Screen Reader Experiences for Accessible Data Visualization. Computer Graphics Forum (Proc. EuroVis) 41, 3 (2022), 15–27. Hadley Wickham. 2010. A Layered Grammar of Graphics. Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics 19, 1 (Jan. 2010), 3–28. https://doi.org/10.1198/jcgs.2009.07098 Wilkinson (2012) Leland Wilkinson. 2012. The Grammar of Graphics. In Handbook of Computational Statistics: Concepts and Methods, James E. Gentle, Wolfgang Karl Härdle, and Yuichi Mori (Eds.). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 375–414. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21551-3_13 Zhao et al. (2012) Kai Zhao et al. 2012. A Novel Braille Display Using the Vibration of SMA Wires and the Evaluation of Braille Presentations. Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering 7, 4 (2012), 416–425. https://doi.org/10.1299/jbse.7.416 Zong et al. (2022) Jonathan Zong, Crystal Lee, Alan Lundgard, JiWoong Jang, Daniel Hajas, and Arvind Satyanarayan. 2022. Rich Screen Reader Experiences for Accessible Data Visualization. Computer Graphics Forum (Proc. EuroVis) 41, 3 (2022), 15–27. Leland Wilkinson. 2012. The Grammar of Graphics. In Handbook of Computational Statistics: Concepts and Methods, James E. Gentle, Wolfgang Karl Härdle, and Yuichi Mori (Eds.). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 375–414. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21551-3_13 Zhao et al. 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Jonathan Zong, Crystal Lee, Alan Lundgard, JiWoong Jang, Daniel Hajas, and Arvind Satyanarayan. 2022. Rich Screen Reader Experiences for Accessible Data Visualization. Computer Graphics Forum (Proc. EuroVis) 41, 3 (2022), 15–27.
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Chart Reader: Accessible Visualization Experiences Designed with Screen Reader Users. In Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI ’23). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1145/3544548.3581186 Unicode ([n. d.]) Unicode. [n. d.]. Braille Patterns. https://unicode.org/charts/nameslist/c_2800.html Wasserman (1985) Anthony I. Wasserman. 1985. Extending state transition diagrams for the specification of human–computer interaction. IEEE transactions on Software Engineering 8 (1985), 699–713. White (2020) Jason J. G. White. 2020. The Accessibility of Mathematical Notation on the Web and Beyond. Journal of Science Education for Students with Disabilities 23, 1 (2020). Wickham (2010) Hadley Wickham. 2010. A Layered Grammar of Graphics. Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics 19, 1 (Jan. 2010), 3–28. https://doi.org/10.1198/jcgs.2009.07098 Wilkinson (2012) Leland Wilkinson. 2012. The Grammar of Graphics. In Handbook of Computational Statistics: Concepts and Methods, James E. Gentle, Wolfgang Karl Härdle, and Yuichi Mori (Eds.). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 375–414. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21551-3_13 Zhao et al. (2012) Kai Zhao et al. 2012. A Novel Braille Display Using the Vibration of SMA Wires and the Evaluation of Braille Presentations. Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering 7, 4 (2012), 416–425. https://doi.org/10.1299/jbse.7.416 Zong et al. (2022) Jonathan Zong, Crystal Lee, Alan Lundgard, JiWoong Jang, Daniel Hajas, and Arvind Satyanarayan. 2022. Rich Screen Reader Experiences for Accessible Data Visualization. Computer Graphics Forum (Proc. EuroVis) 41, 3 (2022), 15–27. Yasuhiro Sawada et al. 2012. Displaying Braille for Mobile Use with the Micro-vibration of SMA Wires. (2012), 26–31. https://doi.org/10.1109/hsi.2012.26 Schepers and White (2023) Doug Schepers and Jason White. 2023. SparkBraille: Braille Line Charts. https://fizzstudio.github.io/sparkbraille/. Sharif et al. (2022) Ather Sharif, Olivia H. Wang, Alida T. Muongchan, Katharina Reinecke, and Jacob O. Wobbrock. 2022. VoxLens: Making Online Data Visualizations Accessible with an Interactive JavaScript Plug-In. In CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. ACM, New Orleans LA USA, 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1145/3491102.3517431 Siu et al. (2022) Alexa Siu, Gene S-H Kim, Sile O’Modhrain, and Sean Follmer. 2022. Supporting Accessible Data Visualization Through Audio Data Narratives. In CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. ACM, New Orleans LA USA, 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1145/3491102.3517678 Srinivasan et al. (2023) Arjun Srinivasan, Tim Harshbarger, Darrell Hilliker, and Jennifer Mankoff. 2023. Azimuth: Designing Accessible Dashboards for Screen Reader Users. In Proceedings of the 25th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS ’23). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1145/3597638.3608405 Summers et al. (2014) II Claude Edward Summers, Robert E. Allison JR, Julianna Elizabeth Langston, and Jennifer Antonia Cowley. 2014. Accessible Data Visualizations for Visually Impaired Users. Summers et al. (2019) II Claude Edward Summers, Julianna Elizabeth Langston, Jesse Daniel Sookne, Jesse Benjamin Olley, Kerry Leanne Smith Trout, Cleester Daniel Heath IV, Samuel Edward Kalat, and Paul William Layne. 2019. Converting Graphical Data-Visualizations into Sonified Output. Summers et al. (2022) II Claude Edward Summers, Sean Patrick Mealin, Julianna Elizabeth Langston, Gregory David Kraus, Jonathan Tyler Williamson, Lisa Beth Morton Robinson, Jesse Daniel Sookne, and Brice Joseph Smith. 2022. User Interfaces for Converting Geospatial Data into Audio Outputs. Sweller (1988) John Sweller. 1988. Cognitive Load during Problem Solving: Effects on Learning. Cognitive Science 12, 2 (April 1988), 257–285. https://doi.org/10.1016/0364-0213(88)90023-7 Sweller (2010) John Sweller. 2010. Element Interactivity and Intrinsic, Extraneous, and Germane Cognitive Load. Educational Psychology Review 22, 2 (June 2010), 123–138. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-010-9128-5 Thomas (2006) David R Thomas. 2006. A general inductive approach for analyzing qualitative evaluation data. American journal of evaluation 27, 2 (2006), 237–246. Thompson et al. (2023) John R Thompson, Jesse J Martinez, Alper Sarikaya, Edward Cutrell, and Bongshin Lee. 2023. Chart Reader: Accessible Visualization Experiences Designed with Screen Reader Users. In Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI ’23). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1145/3544548.3581186 Unicode ([n. d.]) Unicode. [n. d.]. Braille Patterns. https://unicode.org/charts/nameslist/c_2800.html Wasserman (1985) Anthony I. Wasserman. 1985. Extending state transition diagrams for the specification of human–computer interaction. IEEE transactions on Software Engineering 8 (1985), 699–713. White (2020) Jason J. G. White. 2020. The Accessibility of Mathematical Notation on the Web and Beyond. Journal of Science Education for Students with Disabilities 23, 1 (2020). Wickham (2010) Hadley Wickham. 2010. A Layered Grammar of Graphics. Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics 19, 1 (Jan. 2010), 3–28. https://doi.org/10.1198/jcgs.2009.07098 Wilkinson (2012) Leland Wilkinson. 2012. The Grammar of Graphics. In Handbook of Computational Statistics: Concepts and Methods, James E. Gentle, Wolfgang Karl Härdle, and Yuichi Mori (Eds.). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 375–414. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21551-3_13 Zhao et al. (2012) Kai Zhao et al. 2012. A Novel Braille Display Using the Vibration of SMA Wires and the Evaluation of Braille Presentations. Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering 7, 4 (2012), 416–425. https://doi.org/10.1299/jbse.7.416 Zong et al. (2022) Jonathan Zong, Crystal Lee, Alan Lundgard, JiWoong Jang, Daniel Hajas, and Arvind Satyanarayan. 2022. Rich Screen Reader Experiences for Accessible Data Visualization. Computer Graphics Forum (Proc. EuroVis) 41, 3 (2022), 15–27. Doug Schepers and Jason White. 2023. SparkBraille: Braille Line Charts. https://fizzstudio.github.io/sparkbraille/. Sharif et al. (2022) Ather Sharif, Olivia H. Wang, Alida T. Muongchan, Katharina Reinecke, and Jacob O. Wobbrock. 2022. VoxLens: Making Online Data Visualizations Accessible with an Interactive JavaScript Plug-In. In CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. ACM, New Orleans LA USA, 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1145/3491102.3517431 Siu et al. (2022) Alexa Siu, Gene S-H Kim, Sile O’Modhrain, and Sean Follmer. 2022. Supporting Accessible Data Visualization Through Audio Data Narratives. In CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. ACM, New Orleans LA USA, 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1145/3491102.3517678 Srinivasan et al. (2023) Arjun Srinivasan, Tim Harshbarger, Darrell Hilliker, and Jennifer Mankoff. 2023. Azimuth: Designing Accessible Dashboards for Screen Reader Users. In Proceedings of the 25th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS ’23). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1145/3597638.3608405 Summers et al. (2014) II Claude Edward Summers, Robert E. Allison JR, Julianna Elizabeth Langston, and Jennifer Antonia Cowley. 2014. Accessible Data Visualizations for Visually Impaired Users. Summers et al. (2019) II Claude Edward Summers, Julianna Elizabeth Langston, Jesse Daniel Sookne, Jesse Benjamin Olley, Kerry Leanne Smith Trout, Cleester Daniel Heath IV, Samuel Edward Kalat, and Paul William Layne. 2019. Converting Graphical Data-Visualizations into Sonified Output. Summers et al. (2022) II Claude Edward Summers, Sean Patrick Mealin, Julianna Elizabeth Langston, Gregory David Kraus, Jonathan Tyler Williamson, Lisa Beth Morton Robinson, Jesse Daniel Sookne, and Brice Joseph Smith. 2022. User Interfaces for Converting Geospatial Data into Audio Outputs. Sweller (1988) John Sweller. 1988. Cognitive Load during Problem Solving: Effects on Learning. Cognitive Science 12, 2 (April 1988), 257–285. https://doi.org/10.1016/0364-0213(88)90023-7 Sweller (2010) John Sweller. 2010. Element Interactivity and Intrinsic, Extraneous, and Germane Cognitive Load. Educational Psychology Review 22, 2 (June 2010), 123–138. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-010-9128-5 Thomas (2006) David R Thomas. 2006. A general inductive approach for analyzing qualitative evaluation data. American journal of evaluation 27, 2 (2006), 237–246. Thompson et al. (2023) John R Thompson, Jesse J Martinez, Alper Sarikaya, Edward Cutrell, and Bongshin Lee. 2023. Chart Reader: Accessible Visualization Experiences Designed with Screen Reader Users. In Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI ’23). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1145/3544548.3581186 Unicode ([n. d.]) Unicode. [n. d.]. Braille Patterns. https://unicode.org/charts/nameslist/c_2800.html Wasserman (1985) Anthony I. Wasserman. 1985. Extending state transition diagrams for the specification of human–computer interaction. IEEE transactions on Software Engineering 8 (1985), 699–713. White (2020) Jason J. G. White. 2020. The Accessibility of Mathematical Notation on the Web and Beyond. Journal of Science Education for Students with Disabilities 23, 1 (2020). Wickham (2010) Hadley Wickham. 2010. A Layered Grammar of Graphics. Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics 19, 1 (Jan. 2010), 3–28. https://doi.org/10.1198/jcgs.2009.07098 Wilkinson (2012) Leland Wilkinson. 2012. The Grammar of Graphics. In Handbook of Computational Statistics: Concepts and Methods, James E. Gentle, Wolfgang Karl Härdle, and Yuichi Mori (Eds.). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 375–414. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21551-3_13 Zhao et al. (2012) Kai Zhao et al. 2012. A Novel Braille Display Using the Vibration of SMA Wires and the Evaluation of Braille Presentations. Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering 7, 4 (2012), 416–425. https://doi.org/10.1299/jbse.7.416 Zong et al. (2022) Jonathan Zong, Crystal Lee, Alan Lundgard, JiWoong Jang, Daniel Hajas, and Arvind Satyanarayan. 2022. Rich Screen Reader Experiences for Accessible Data Visualization. Computer Graphics Forum (Proc. EuroVis) 41, 3 (2022), 15–27. Ather Sharif, Olivia H. Wang, Alida T. Muongchan, Katharina Reinecke, and Jacob O. Wobbrock. 2022. VoxLens: Making Online Data Visualizations Accessible with an Interactive JavaScript Plug-In. In CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. ACM, New Orleans LA USA, 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1145/3491102.3517431 Siu et al. (2022) Alexa Siu, Gene S-H Kim, Sile O’Modhrain, and Sean Follmer. 2022. Supporting Accessible Data Visualization Through Audio Data Narratives. In CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. ACM, New Orleans LA USA, 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1145/3491102.3517678 Srinivasan et al. (2023) Arjun Srinivasan, Tim Harshbarger, Darrell Hilliker, and Jennifer Mankoff. 2023. Azimuth: Designing Accessible Dashboards for Screen Reader Users. In Proceedings of the 25th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS ’23). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1145/3597638.3608405 Summers et al. (2014) II Claude Edward Summers, Robert E. Allison JR, Julianna Elizabeth Langston, and Jennifer Antonia Cowley. 2014. Accessible Data Visualizations for Visually Impaired Users. Summers et al. (2019) II Claude Edward Summers, Julianna Elizabeth Langston, Jesse Daniel Sookne, Jesse Benjamin Olley, Kerry Leanne Smith Trout, Cleester Daniel Heath IV, Samuel Edward Kalat, and Paul William Layne. 2019. Converting Graphical Data-Visualizations into Sonified Output. Summers et al. (2022) II Claude Edward Summers, Sean Patrick Mealin, Julianna Elizabeth Langston, Gregory David Kraus, Jonathan Tyler Williamson, Lisa Beth Morton Robinson, Jesse Daniel Sookne, and Brice Joseph Smith. 2022. User Interfaces for Converting Geospatial Data into Audio Outputs. Sweller (1988) John Sweller. 1988. Cognitive Load during Problem Solving: Effects on Learning. Cognitive Science 12, 2 (April 1988), 257–285. https://doi.org/10.1016/0364-0213(88)90023-7 Sweller (2010) John Sweller. 2010. Element Interactivity and Intrinsic, Extraneous, and Germane Cognitive Load. Educational Psychology Review 22, 2 (June 2010), 123–138. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-010-9128-5 Thomas (2006) David R Thomas. 2006. A general inductive approach for analyzing qualitative evaluation data. American journal of evaluation 27, 2 (2006), 237–246. Thompson et al. (2023) John R Thompson, Jesse J Martinez, Alper Sarikaya, Edward Cutrell, and Bongshin Lee. 2023. Chart Reader: Accessible Visualization Experiences Designed with Screen Reader Users. In Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI ’23). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1145/3544548.3581186 Unicode ([n. d.]) Unicode. [n. d.]. Braille Patterns. https://unicode.org/charts/nameslist/c_2800.html Wasserman (1985) Anthony I. Wasserman. 1985. Extending state transition diagrams for the specification of human–computer interaction. IEEE transactions on Software Engineering 8 (1985), 699–713. White (2020) Jason J. G. White. 2020. The Accessibility of Mathematical Notation on the Web and Beyond. Journal of Science Education for Students with Disabilities 23, 1 (2020). Wickham (2010) Hadley Wickham. 2010. A Layered Grammar of Graphics. Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics 19, 1 (Jan. 2010), 3–28. https://doi.org/10.1198/jcgs.2009.07098 Wilkinson (2012) Leland Wilkinson. 2012. The Grammar of Graphics. In Handbook of Computational Statistics: Concepts and Methods, James E. Gentle, Wolfgang Karl Härdle, and Yuichi Mori (Eds.). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 375–414. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21551-3_13 Zhao et al. (2012) Kai Zhao et al. 2012. A Novel Braille Display Using the Vibration of SMA Wires and the Evaluation of Braille Presentations. Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering 7, 4 (2012), 416–425. https://doi.org/10.1299/jbse.7.416 Zong et al. (2022) Jonathan Zong, Crystal Lee, Alan Lundgard, JiWoong Jang, Daniel Hajas, and Arvind Satyanarayan. 2022. Rich Screen Reader Experiences for Accessible Data Visualization. Computer Graphics Forum (Proc. EuroVis) 41, 3 (2022), 15–27. Alexa Siu, Gene S-H Kim, Sile O’Modhrain, and Sean Follmer. 2022. Supporting Accessible Data Visualization Through Audio Data Narratives. In CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. ACM, New Orleans LA USA, 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1145/3491102.3517678 Srinivasan et al. (2023) Arjun Srinivasan, Tim Harshbarger, Darrell Hilliker, and Jennifer Mankoff. 2023. Azimuth: Designing Accessible Dashboards for Screen Reader Users. In Proceedings of the 25th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS ’23). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1145/3597638.3608405 Summers et al. (2014) II Claude Edward Summers, Robert E. Allison JR, Julianna Elizabeth Langston, and Jennifer Antonia Cowley. 2014. Accessible Data Visualizations for Visually Impaired Users. Summers et al. (2019) II Claude Edward Summers, Julianna Elizabeth Langston, Jesse Daniel Sookne, Jesse Benjamin Olley, Kerry Leanne Smith Trout, Cleester Daniel Heath IV, Samuel Edward Kalat, and Paul William Layne. 2019. Converting Graphical Data-Visualizations into Sonified Output. Summers et al. (2022) II Claude Edward Summers, Sean Patrick Mealin, Julianna Elizabeth Langston, Gregory David Kraus, Jonathan Tyler Williamson, Lisa Beth Morton Robinson, Jesse Daniel Sookne, and Brice Joseph Smith. 2022. User Interfaces for Converting Geospatial Data into Audio Outputs. Sweller (1988) John Sweller. 1988. Cognitive Load during Problem Solving: Effects on Learning. Cognitive Science 12, 2 (April 1988), 257–285. https://doi.org/10.1016/0364-0213(88)90023-7 Sweller (2010) John Sweller. 2010. Element Interactivity and Intrinsic, Extraneous, and Germane Cognitive Load. Educational Psychology Review 22, 2 (June 2010), 123–138. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-010-9128-5 Thomas (2006) David R Thomas. 2006. A general inductive approach for analyzing qualitative evaluation data. American journal of evaluation 27, 2 (2006), 237–246. Thompson et al. (2023) John R Thompson, Jesse J Martinez, Alper Sarikaya, Edward Cutrell, and Bongshin Lee. 2023. Chart Reader: Accessible Visualization Experiences Designed with Screen Reader Users. In Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI ’23). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1145/3544548.3581186 Unicode ([n. d.]) Unicode. [n. d.]. Braille Patterns. https://unicode.org/charts/nameslist/c_2800.html Wasserman (1985) Anthony I. Wasserman. 1985. Extending state transition diagrams for the specification of human–computer interaction. IEEE transactions on Software Engineering 8 (1985), 699–713. White (2020) Jason J. G. White. 2020. The Accessibility of Mathematical Notation on the Web and Beyond. Journal of Science Education for Students with Disabilities 23, 1 (2020). Wickham (2010) Hadley Wickham. 2010. A Layered Grammar of Graphics. Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics 19, 1 (Jan. 2010), 3–28. https://doi.org/10.1198/jcgs.2009.07098 Wilkinson (2012) Leland Wilkinson. 2012. The Grammar of Graphics. In Handbook of Computational Statistics: Concepts and Methods, James E. Gentle, Wolfgang Karl Härdle, and Yuichi Mori (Eds.). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 375–414. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21551-3_13 Zhao et al. (2012) Kai Zhao et al. 2012. A Novel Braille Display Using the Vibration of SMA Wires and the Evaluation of Braille Presentations. Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering 7, 4 (2012), 416–425. https://doi.org/10.1299/jbse.7.416 Zong et al. (2022) Jonathan Zong, Crystal Lee, Alan Lundgard, JiWoong Jang, Daniel Hajas, and Arvind Satyanarayan. 2022. Rich Screen Reader Experiences for Accessible Data Visualization. Computer Graphics Forum (Proc. EuroVis) 41, 3 (2022), 15–27. Arjun Srinivasan, Tim Harshbarger, Darrell Hilliker, and Jennifer Mankoff. 2023. Azimuth: Designing Accessible Dashboards for Screen Reader Users. In Proceedings of the 25th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS ’23). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1145/3597638.3608405 Summers et al. (2014) II Claude Edward Summers, Robert E. Allison JR, Julianna Elizabeth Langston, and Jennifer Antonia Cowley. 2014. Accessible Data Visualizations for Visually Impaired Users. Summers et al. (2019) II Claude Edward Summers, Julianna Elizabeth Langston, Jesse Daniel Sookne, Jesse Benjamin Olley, Kerry Leanne Smith Trout, Cleester Daniel Heath IV, Samuel Edward Kalat, and Paul William Layne. 2019. Converting Graphical Data-Visualizations into Sonified Output. Summers et al. 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II Claude Edward Summers, Sean Patrick Mealin, Julianna Elizabeth Langston, Gregory David Kraus, Jonathan Tyler Williamson, Lisa Beth Morton Robinson, Jesse Daniel Sookne, and Brice Joseph Smith. 2022. User Interfaces for Converting Geospatial Data into Audio Outputs. Sweller (1988) John Sweller. 1988. Cognitive Load during Problem Solving: Effects on Learning. Cognitive Science 12, 2 (April 1988), 257–285. https://doi.org/10.1016/0364-0213(88)90023-7 Sweller (2010) John Sweller. 2010. Element Interactivity and Intrinsic, Extraneous, and Germane Cognitive Load. Educational Psychology Review 22, 2 (June 2010), 123–138. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-010-9128-5 Thomas (2006) David R Thomas. 2006. A general inductive approach for analyzing qualitative evaluation data. American journal of evaluation 27, 2 (2006), 237–246. Thompson et al. (2023) John R Thompson, Jesse J Martinez, Alper Sarikaya, Edward Cutrell, and Bongshin Lee. 2023. 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The Grammar of Graphics. In Handbook of Computational Statistics: Concepts and Methods, James E. Gentle, Wolfgang Karl Härdle, and Yuichi Mori (Eds.). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 375–414. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21551-3_13 Zhao et al. (2012) Kai Zhao et al. 2012. A Novel Braille Display Using the Vibration of SMA Wires and the Evaluation of Braille Presentations. Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering 7, 4 (2012), 416–425. https://doi.org/10.1299/jbse.7.416 Zong et al. (2022) Jonathan Zong, Crystal Lee, Alan Lundgard, JiWoong Jang, Daniel Hajas, and Arvind Satyanarayan. 2022. Rich Screen Reader Experiences for Accessible Data Visualization. Computer Graphics Forum (Proc. EuroVis) 41, 3 (2022), 15–27. John Sweller. 1988. Cognitive Load during Problem Solving: Effects on Learning. Cognitive Science 12, 2 (April 1988), 257–285. https://doi.org/10.1016/0364-0213(88)90023-7 Sweller (2010) John Sweller. 2010. 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Chart Reader: Accessible Visualization Experiences Designed with Screen Reader Users. In Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI ’23). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1145/3544548.3581186 Unicode ([n. d.]) Unicode. [n. d.]. Braille Patterns. https://unicode.org/charts/nameslist/c_2800.html Wasserman (1985) Anthony I. Wasserman. 1985. Extending state transition diagrams for the specification of human–computer interaction. IEEE transactions on Software Engineering 8 (1985), 699–713. White (2020) Jason J. G. White. 2020. The Accessibility of Mathematical Notation on the Web and Beyond. Journal of Science Education for Students with Disabilities 23, 1 (2020). Wickham (2010) Hadley Wickham. 2010. A Layered Grammar of Graphics. Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics 19, 1 (Jan. 2010), 3–28. https://doi.org/10.1198/jcgs.2009.07098 Wilkinson (2012) Leland Wilkinson. 2012. The Grammar of Graphics. In Handbook of Computational Statistics: Concepts and Methods, James E. Gentle, Wolfgang Karl Härdle, and Yuichi Mori (Eds.). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 375–414. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21551-3_13 Zhao et al. (2012) Kai Zhao et al. 2012. A Novel Braille Display Using the Vibration of SMA Wires and the Evaluation of Braille Presentations. Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering 7, 4 (2012), 416–425. https://doi.org/10.1299/jbse.7.416 Zong et al. (2022) Jonathan Zong, Crystal Lee, Alan Lundgard, JiWoong Jang, Daniel Hajas, and Arvind Satyanarayan. 2022. Rich Screen Reader Experiences for Accessible Data Visualization. Computer Graphics Forum (Proc. EuroVis) 41, 3 (2022), 15–27. Doug Schepers and Jason White. 2023. SparkBraille: Braille Line Charts. https://fizzstudio.github.io/sparkbraille/. Sharif et al. (2022) Ather Sharif, Olivia H. Wang, Alida T. Muongchan, Katharina Reinecke, and Jacob O. Wobbrock. 2022. VoxLens: Making Online Data Visualizations Accessible with an Interactive JavaScript Plug-In. In CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. ACM, New Orleans LA USA, 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1145/3491102.3517431 Siu et al. (2022) Alexa Siu, Gene S-H Kim, Sile O’Modhrain, and Sean Follmer. 2022. Supporting Accessible Data Visualization Through Audio Data Narratives. In CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. ACM, New Orleans LA USA, 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1145/3491102.3517678 Srinivasan et al. (2023) Arjun Srinivasan, Tim Harshbarger, Darrell Hilliker, and Jennifer Mankoff. 2023. Azimuth: Designing Accessible Dashboards for Screen Reader Users. In Proceedings of the 25th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS ’23). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1145/3597638.3608405 Summers et al. (2014) II Claude Edward Summers, Robert E. Allison JR, Julianna Elizabeth Langston, and Jennifer Antonia Cowley. 2014. Accessible Data Visualizations for Visually Impaired Users. Summers et al. (2019) II Claude Edward Summers, Julianna Elizabeth Langston, Jesse Daniel Sookne, Jesse Benjamin Olley, Kerry Leanne Smith Trout, Cleester Daniel Heath IV, Samuel Edward Kalat, and Paul William Layne. 2019. Converting Graphical Data-Visualizations into Sonified Output. Summers et al. (2022) II Claude Edward Summers, Sean Patrick Mealin, Julianna Elizabeth Langston, Gregory David Kraus, Jonathan Tyler Williamson, Lisa Beth Morton Robinson, Jesse Daniel Sookne, and Brice Joseph Smith. 2022. User Interfaces for Converting Geospatial Data into Audio Outputs. Sweller (1988) John Sweller. 1988. Cognitive Load during Problem Solving: Effects on Learning. Cognitive Science 12, 2 (April 1988), 257–285. https://doi.org/10.1016/0364-0213(88)90023-7 Sweller (2010) John Sweller. 2010. Element Interactivity and Intrinsic, Extraneous, and Germane Cognitive Load. Educational Psychology Review 22, 2 (June 2010), 123–138. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-010-9128-5 Thomas (2006) David R Thomas. 2006. A general inductive approach for analyzing qualitative evaluation data. American journal of evaluation 27, 2 (2006), 237–246. Thompson et al. (2023) John R Thompson, Jesse J Martinez, Alper Sarikaya, Edward Cutrell, and Bongshin Lee. 2023. Chart Reader: Accessible Visualization Experiences Designed with Screen Reader Users. In Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI ’23). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1145/3544548.3581186 Unicode ([n. d.]) Unicode. [n. d.]. Braille Patterns. https://unicode.org/charts/nameslist/c_2800.html Wasserman (1985) Anthony I. Wasserman. 1985. Extending state transition diagrams for the specification of human–computer interaction. IEEE transactions on Software Engineering 8 (1985), 699–713. White (2020) Jason J. G. White. 2020. The Accessibility of Mathematical Notation on the Web and Beyond. Journal of Science Education for Students with Disabilities 23, 1 (2020). Wickham (2010) Hadley Wickham. 2010. A Layered Grammar of Graphics. Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics 19, 1 (Jan. 2010), 3–28. https://doi.org/10.1198/jcgs.2009.07098 Wilkinson (2012) Leland Wilkinson. 2012. The Grammar of Graphics. In Handbook of Computational Statistics: Concepts and Methods, James E. Gentle, Wolfgang Karl Härdle, and Yuichi Mori (Eds.). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 375–414. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21551-3_13 Zhao et al. (2012) Kai Zhao et al. 2012. A Novel Braille Display Using the Vibration of SMA Wires and the Evaluation of Braille Presentations. Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering 7, 4 (2012), 416–425. https://doi.org/10.1299/jbse.7.416 Zong et al. (2022) Jonathan Zong, Crystal Lee, Alan Lundgard, JiWoong Jang, Daniel Hajas, and Arvind Satyanarayan. 2022. Rich Screen Reader Experiences for Accessible Data Visualization. Computer Graphics Forum (Proc. EuroVis) 41, 3 (2022), 15–27. Ather Sharif, Olivia H. Wang, Alida T. Muongchan, Katharina Reinecke, and Jacob O. Wobbrock. 2022. VoxLens: Making Online Data Visualizations Accessible with an Interactive JavaScript Plug-In. In CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. ACM, New Orleans LA USA, 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1145/3491102.3517431 Siu et al. (2022) Alexa Siu, Gene S-H Kim, Sile O’Modhrain, and Sean Follmer. 2022. Supporting Accessible Data Visualization Through Audio Data Narratives. In CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. ACM, New Orleans LA USA, 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1145/3491102.3517678 Srinivasan et al. (2023) Arjun Srinivasan, Tim Harshbarger, Darrell Hilliker, and Jennifer Mankoff. 2023. Azimuth: Designing Accessible Dashboards for Screen Reader Users. In Proceedings of the 25th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS ’23). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1145/3597638.3608405 Summers et al. (2014) II Claude Edward Summers, Robert E. Allison JR, Julianna Elizabeth Langston, and Jennifer Antonia Cowley. 2014. Accessible Data Visualizations for Visually Impaired Users. Summers et al. (2019) II Claude Edward Summers, Julianna Elizabeth Langston, Jesse Daniel Sookne, Jesse Benjamin Olley, Kerry Leanne Smith Trout, Cleester Daniel Heath IV, Samuel Edward Kalat, and Paul William Layne. 2019. Converting Graphical Data-Visualizations into Sonified Output. Summers et al. (2022) II Claude Edward Summers, Sean Patrick Mealin, Julianna Elizabeth Langston, Gregory David Kraus, Jonathan Tyler Williamson, Lisa Beth Morton Robinson, Jesse Daniel Sookne, and Brice Joseph Smith. 2022. User Interfaces for Converting Geospatial Data into Audio Outputs. Sweller (1988) John Sweller. 1988. Cognitive Load during Problem Solving: Effects on Learning. Cognitive Science 12, 2 (April 1988), 257–285. https://doi.org/10.1016/0364-0213(88)90023-7 Sweller (2010) John Sweller. 2010. Element Interactivity and Intrinsic, Extraneous, and Germane Cognitive Load. Educational Psychology Review 22, 2 (June 2010), 123–138. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-010-9128-5 Thomas (2006) David R Thomas. 2006. A general inductive approach for analyzing qualitative evaluation data. American journal of evaluation 27, 2 (2006), 237–246. Thompson et al. (2023) John R Thompson, Jesse J Martinez, Alper Sarikaya, Edward Cutrell, and Bongshin Lee. 2023. Chart Reader: Accessible Visualization Experiences Designed with Screen Reader Users. In Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI ’23). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1145/3544548.3581186 Unicode ([n. d.]) Unicode. [n. d.]. Braille Patterns. https://unicode.org/charts/nameslist/c_2800.html Wasserman (1985) Anthony I. Wasserman. 1985. Extending state transition diagrams for the specification of human–computer interaction. IEEE transactions on Software Engineering 8 (1985), 699–713. White (2020) Jason J. G. White. 2020. The Accessibility of Mathematical Notation on the Web and Beyond. Journal of Science Education for Students with Disabilities 23, 1 (2020). Wickham (2010) Hadley Wickham. 2010. A Layered Grammar of Graphics. Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics 19, 1 (Jan. 2010), 3–28. https://doi.org/10.1198/jcgs.2009.07098 Wilkinson (2012) Leland Wilkinson. 2012. The Grammar of Graphics. In Handbook of Computational Statistics: Concepts and Methods, James E. Gentle, Wolfgang Karl Härdle, and Yuichi Mori (Eds.). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 375–414. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21551-3_13 Zhao et al. (2012) Kai Zhao et al. 2012. A Novel Braille Display Using the Vibration of SMA Wires and the Evaluation of Braille Presentations. Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering 7, 4 (2012), 416–425. https://doi.org/10.1299/jbse.7.416 Zong et al. (2022) Jonathan Zong, Crystal Lee, Alan Lundgard, JiWoong Jang, Daniel Hajas, and Arvind Satyanarayan. 2022. Rich Screen Reader Experiences for Accessible Data Visualization. Computer Graphics Forum (Proc. EuroVis) 41, 3 (2022), 15–27. Alexa Siu, Gene S-H Kim, Sile O’Modhrain, and Sean Follmer. 2022. Supporting Accessible Data Visualization Through Audio Data Narratives. In CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. ACM, New Orleans LA USA, 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1145/3491102.3517678 Srinivasan et al. (2023) Arjun Srinivasan, Tim Harshbarger, Darrell Hilliker, and Jennifer Mankoff. 2023. Azimuth: Designing Accessible Dashboards for Screen Reader Users. In Proceedings of the 25th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS ’23). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1145/3597638.3608405 Summers et al. (2014) II Claude Edward Summers, Robert E. Allison JR, Julianna Elizabeth Langston, and Jennifer Antonia Cowley. 2014. Accessible Data Visualizations for Visually Impaired Users. Summers et al. (2019) II Claude Edward Summers, Julianna Elizabeth Langston, Jesse Daniel Sookne, Jesse Benjamin Olley, Kerry Leanne Smith Trout, Cleester Daniel Heath IV, Samuel Edward Kalat, and Paul William Layne. 2019. Converting Graphical Data-Visualizations into Sonified Output. Summers et al. (2022) II Claude Edward Summers, Sean Patrick Mealin, Julianna Elizabeth Langston, Gregory David Kraus, Jonathan Tyler Williamson, Lisa Beth Morton Robinson, Jesse Daniel Sookne, and Brice Joseph Smith. 2022. User Interfaces for Converting Geospatial Data into Audio Outputs. Sweller (1988) John Sweller. 1988. Cognitive Load during Problem Solving: Effects on Learning. Cognitive Science 12, 2 (April 1988), 257–285. https://doi.org/10.1016/0364-0213(88)90023-7 Sweller (2010) John Sweller. 2010. Element Interactivity and Intrinsic, Extraneous, and Germane Cognitive Load. Educational Psychology Review 22, 2 (June 2010), 123–138. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-010-9128-5 Thomas (2006) David R Thomas. 2006. A general inductive approach for analyzing qualitative evaluation data. American journal of evaluation 27, 2 (2006), 237–246. Thompson et al. (2023) John R Thompson, Jesse J Martinez, Alper Sarikaya, Edward Cutrell, and Bongshin Lee. 2023. Chart Reader: Accessible Visualization Experiences Designed with Screen Reader Users. In Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI ’23). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1145/3544548.3581186 Unicode ([n. d.]) Unicode. [n. d.]. Braille Patterns. https://unicode.org/charts/nameslist/c_2800.html Wasserman (1985) Anthony I. Wasserman. 1985. Extending state transition diagrams for the specification of human–computer interaction. IEEE transactions on Software Engineering 8 (1985), 699–713. White (2020) Jason J. G. White. 2020. The Accessibility of Mathematical Notation on the Web and Beyond. Journal of Science Education for Students with Disabilities 23, 1 (2020). Wickham (2010) Hadley Wickham. 2010. A Layered Grammar of Graphics. Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics 19, 1 (Jan. 2010), 3–28. https://doi.org/10.1198/jcgs.2009.07098 Wilkinson (2012) Leland Wilkinson. 2012. The Grammar of Graphics. In Handbook of Computational Statistics: Concepts and Methods, James E. Gentle, Wolfgang Karl Härdle, and Yuichi Mori (Eds.). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 375–414. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21551-3_13 Zhao et al. (2012) Kai Zhao et al. 2012. A Novel Braille Display Using the Vibration of SMA Wires and the Evaluation of Braille Presentations. Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering 7, 4 (2012), 416–425. https://doi.org/10.1299/jbse.7.416 Zong et al. (2022) Jonathan Zong, Crystal Lee, Alan Lundgard, JiWoong Jang, Daniel Hajas, and Arvind Satyanarayan. 2022. Rich Screen Reader Experiences for Accessible Data Visualization. Computer Graphics Forum (Proc. EuroVis) 41, 3 (2022), 15–27. Arjun Srinivasan, Tim Harshbarger, Darrell Hilliker, and Jennifer Mankoff. 2023. Azimuth: Designing Accessible Dashboards for Screen Reader Users. In Proceedings of the 25th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS ’23). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1145/3597638.3608405 Summers et al. (2014) II Claude Edward Summers, Robert E. Allison JR, Julianna Elizabeth Langston, and Jennifer Antonia Cowley. 2014. Accessible Data Visualizations for Visually Impaired Users. Summers et al. (2019) II Claude Edward Summers, Julianna Elizabeth Langston, Jesse Daniel Sookne, Jesse Benjamin Olley, Kerry Leanne Smith Trout, Cleester Daniel Heath IV, Samuel Edward Kalat, and Paul William Layne. 2019. Converting Graphical Data-Visualizations into Sonified Output. Summers et al. (2022) II Claude Edward Summers, Sean Patrick Mealin, Julianna Elizabeth Langston, Gregory David Kraus, Jonathan Tyler Williamson, Lisa Beth Morton Robinson, Jesse Daniel Sookne, and Brice Joseph Smith. 2022. User Interfaces for Converting Geospatial Data into Audio Outputs. Sweller (1988) John Sweller. 1988. Cognitive Load during Problem Solving: Effects on Learning. Cognitive Science 12, 2 (April 1988), 257–285. https://doi.org/10.1016/0364-0213(88)90023-7 Sweller (2010) John Sweller. 2010. Element Interactivity and Intrinsic, Extraneous, and Germane Cognitive Load. Educational Psychology Review 22, 2 (June 2010), 123–138. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-010-9128-5 Thomas (2006) David R Thomas. 2006. A general inductive approach for analyzing qualitative evaluation data. American journal of evaluation 27, 2 (2006), 237–246. Thompson et al. (2023) John R Thompson, Jesse J Martinez, Alper Sarikaya, Edward Cutrell, and Bongshin Lee. 2023. Chart Reader: Accessible Visualization Experiences Designed with Screen Reader Users. In Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI ’23). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1145/3544548.3581186 Unicode ([n. d.]) Unicode. [n. d.]. Braille Patterns. https://unicode.org/charts/nameslist/c_2800.html Wasserman (1985) Anthony I. Wasserman. 1985. Extending state transition diagrams for the specification of human–computer interaction. IEEE transactions on Software Engineering 8 (1985), 699–713. White (2020) Jason J. G. White. 2020. The Accessibility of Mathematical Notation on the Web and Beyond. Journal of Science Education for Students with Disabilities 23, 1 (2020). Wickham (2010) Hadley Wickham. 2010. A Layered Grammar of Graphics. Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics 19, 1 (Jan. 2010), 3–28. https://doi.org/10.1198/jcgs.2009.07098 Wilkinson (2012) Leland Wilkinson. 2012. The Grammar of Graphics. In Handbook of Computational Statistics: Concepts and Methods, James E. Gentle, Wolfgang Karl Härdle, and Yuichi Mori (Eds.). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 375–414. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21551-3_13 Zhao et al. (2012) Kai Zhao et al. 2012. A Novel Braille Display Using the Vibration of SMA Wires and the Evaluation of Braille Presentations. Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering 7, 4 (2012), 416–425. https://doi.org/10.1299/jbse.7.416 Zong et al. (2022) Jonathan Zong, Crystal Lee, Alan Lundgard, JiWoong Jang, Daniel Hajas, and Arvind Satyanarayan. 2022. Rich Screen Reader Experiences for Accessible Data Visualization. Computer Graphics Forum (Proc. EuroVis) 41, 3 (2022), 15–27. II Claude Edward Summers, Robert E. Allison JR, Julianna Elizabeth Langston, and Jennifer Antonia Cowley. 2014. Accessible Data Visualizations for Visually Impaired Users. Summers et al. (2019) II Claude Edward Summers, Julianna Elizabeth Langston, Jesse Daniel Sookne, Jesse Benjamin Olley, Kerry Leanne Smith Trout, Cleester Daniel Heath IV, Samuel Edward Kalat, and Paul William Layne. 2019. Converting Graphical Data-Visualizations into Sonified Output. Summers et al. (2022) II Claude Edward Summers, Sean Patrick Mealin, Julianna Elizabeth Langston, Gregory David Kraus, Jonathan Tyler Williamson, Lisa Beth Morton Robinson, Jesse Daniel Sookne, and Brice Joseph Smith. 2022. User Interfaces for Converting Geospatial Data into Audio Outputs. Sweller (1988) John Sweller. 1988. Cognitive Load during Problem Solving: Effects on Learning. Cognitive Science 12, 2 (April 1988), 257–285. https://doi.org/10.1016/0364-0213(88)90023-7 Sweller (2010) John Sweller. 2010. Element Interactivity and Intrinsic, Extraneous, and Germane Cognitive Load. Educational Psychology Review 22, 2 (June 2010), 123–138. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-010-9128-5 Thomas (2006) David R Thomas. 2006. A general inductive approach for analyzing qualitative evaluation data. American journal of evaluation 27, 2 (2006), 237–246. Thompson et al. (2023) John R Thompson, Jesse J Martinez, Alper Sarikaya, Edward Cutrell, and Bongshin Lee. 2023. Chart Reader: Accessible Visualization Experiences Designed with Screen Reader Users. In Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI ’23). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1145/3544548.3581186 Unicode ([n. d.]) Unicode. [n. d.]. Braille Patterns. https://unicode.org/charts/nameslist/c_2800.html Wasserman (1985) Anthony I. Wasserman. 1985. Extending state transition diagrams for the specification of human–computer interaction. IEEE transactions on Software Engineering 8 (1985), 699–713. White (2020) Jason J. G. White. 2020. The Accessibility of Mathematical Notation on the Web and Beyond. Journal of Science Education for Students with Disabilities 23, 1 (2020). Wickham (2010) Hadley Wickham. 2010. A Layered Grammar of Graphics. Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics 19, 1 (Jan. 2010), 3–28. https://doi.org/10.1198/jcgs.2009.07098 Wilkinson (2012) Leland Wilkinson. 2012. The Grammar of Graphics. In Handbook of Computational Statistics: Concepts and Methods, James E. Gentle, Wolfgang Karl Härdle, and Yuichi Mori (Eds.). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 375–414. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21551-3_13 Zhao et al. (2012) Kai Zhao et al. 2012. A Novel Braille Display Using the Vibration of SMA Wires and the Evaluation of Braille Presentations. Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering 7, 4 (2012), 416–425. https://doi.org/10.1299/jbse.7.416 Zong et al. (2022) Jonathan Zong, Crystal Lee, Alan Lundgard, JiWoong Jang, Daniel Hajas, and Arvind Satyanarayan. 2022. Rich Screen Reader Experiences for Accessible Data Visualization. Computer Graphics Forum (Proc. EuroVis) 41, 3 (2022), 15–27. II Claude Edward Summers, Julianna Elizabeth Langston, Jesse Daniel Sookne, Jesse Benjamin Olley, Kerry Leanne Smith Trout, Cleester Daniel Heath IV, Samuel Edward Kalat, and Paul William Layne. 2019. Converting Graphical Data-Visualizations into Sonified Output. Summers et al. (2022) II Claude Edward Summers, Sean Patrick Mealin, Julianna Elizabeth Langston, Gregory David Kraus, Jonathan Tyler Williamson, Lisa Beth Morton Robinson, Jesse Daniel Sookne, and Brice Joseph Smith. 2022. User Interfaces for Converting Geospatial Data into Audio Outputs. Sweller (1988) John Sweller. 1988. Cognitive Load during Problem Solving: Effects on Learning. Cognitive Science 12, 2 (April 1988), 257–285. https://doi.org/10.1016/0364-0213(88)90023-7 Sweller (2010) John Sweller. 2010. Element Interactivity and Intrinsic, Extraneous, and Germane Cognitive Load. Educational Psychology Review 22, 2 (June 2010), 123–138. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-010-9128-5 Thomas (2006) David R Thomas. 2006. A general inductive approach for analyzing qualitative evaluation data. American journal of evaluation 27, 2 (2006), 237–246. Thompson et al. (2023) John R Thompson, Jesse J Martinez, Alper Sarikaya, Edward Cutrell, and Bongshin Lee. 2023. Chart Reader: Accessible Visualization Experiences Designed with Screen Reader Users. In Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI ’23). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1145/3544548.3581186 Unicode ([n. d.]) Unicode. [n. d.]. Braille Patterns. https://unicode.org/charts/nameslist/c_2800.html Wasserman (1985) Anthony I. Wasserman. 1985. Extending state transition diagrams for the specification of human–computer interaction. IEEE transactions on Software Engineering 8 (1985), 699–713. White (2020) Jason J. G. White. 2020. The Accessibility of Mathematical Notation on the Web and Beyond. Journal of Science Education for Students with Disabilities 23, 1 (2020). Wickham (2010) Hadley Wickham. 2010. A Layered Grammar of Graphics. Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics 19, 1 (Jan. 2010), 3–28. https://doi.org/10.1198/jcgs.2009.07098 Wilkinson (2012) Leland Wilkinson. 2012. The Grammar of Graphics. In Handbook of Computational Statistics: Concepts and Methods, James E. Gentle, Wolfgang Karl Härdle, and Yuichi Mori (Eds.). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 375–414. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21551-3_13 Zhao et al. (2012) Kai Zhao et al. 2012. A Novel Braille Display Using the Vibration of SMA Wires and the Evaluation of Braille Presentations. Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering 7, 4 (2012), 416–425. https://doi.org/10.1299/jbse.7.416 Zong et al. (2022) Jonathan Zong, Crystal Lee, Alan Lundgard, JiWoong Jang, Daniel Hajas, and Arvind Satyanarayan. 2022. Rich Screen Reader Experiences for Accessible Data Visualization. Computer Graphics Forum (Proc. EuroVis) 41, 3 (2022), 15–27. II Claude Edward Summers, Sean Patrick Mealin, Julianna Elizabeth Langston, Gregory David Kraus, Jonathan Tyler Williamson, Lisa Beth Morton Robinson, Jesse Daniel Sookne, and Brice Joseph Smith. 2022. User Interfaces for Converting Geospatial Data into Audio Outputs. Sweller (1988) John Sweller. 1988. Cognitive Load during Problem Solving: Effects on Learning. 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Rich Screen Reader Experiences for Accessible Data Visualization. Computer Graphics Forum (Proc. EuroVis) 41, 3 (2022), 15–27. John R Thompson, Jesse J Martinez, Alper Sarikaya, Edward Cutrell, and Bongshin Lee. 2023. Chart Reader: Accessible Visualization Experiences Designed with Screen Reader Users. In Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI ’23). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1145/3544548.3581186 Unicode ([n. d.]) Unicode. [n. d.]. Braille Patterns. https://unicode.org/charts/nameslist/c_2800.html Wasserman (1985) Anthony I. Wasserman. 1985. Extending state transition diagrams for the specification of human–computer interaction. IEEE transactions on Software Engineering 8 (1985), 699–713. White (2020) Jason J. G. White. 2020. The Accessibility of Mathematical Notation on the Web and Beyond. Journal of Science Education for Students with Disabilities 23, 1 (2020). 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(2022) II Claude Edward Summers, Sean Patrick Mealin, Julianna Elizabeth Langston, Gregory David Kraus, Jonathan Tyler Williamson, Lisa Beth Morton Robinson, Jesse Daniel Sookne, and Brice Joseph Smith. 2022. User Interfaces for Converting Geospatial Data into Audio Outputs. Sweller (1988) John Sweller. 1988. Cognitive Load during Problem Solving: Effects on Learning. Cognitive Science 12, 2 (April 1988), 257–285. https://doi.org/10.1016/0364-0213(88)90023-7 Sweller (2010) John Sweller. 2010. Element Interactivity and Intrinsic, Extraneous, and Germane Cognitive Load. Educational Psychology Review 22, 2 (June 2010), 123–138. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-010-9128-5 Thomas (2006) David R Thomas. 2006. A general inductive approach for analyzing qualitative evaluation data. American journal of evaluation 27, 2 (2006), 237–246. Thompson et al. (2023) John R Thompson, Jesse J Martinez, Alper Sarikaya, Edward Cutrell, and Bongshin Lee. 2023. 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Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1145/3597638.3608405 Summers et al. (2014) II Claude Edward Summers, Robert E. Allison JR, Julianna Elizabeth Langston, and Jennifer Antonia Cowley. 2014. Accessible Data Visualizations for Visually Impaired Users. Summers et al. (2019) II Claude Edward Summers, Julianna Elizabeth Langston, Jesse Daniel Sookne, Jesse Benjamin Olley, Kerry Leanne Smith Trout, Cleester Daniel Heath IV, Samuel Edward Kalat, and Paul William Layne. 2019. Converting Graphical Data-Visualizations into Sonified Output. Summers et al. (2022) II Claude Edward Summers, Sean Patrick Mealin, Julianna Elizabeth Langston, Gregory David Kraus, Jonathan Tyler Williamson, Lisa Beth Morton Robinson, Jesse Daniel Sookne, and Brice Joseph Smith. 2022. User Interfaces for Converting Geospatial Data into Audio Outputs. Sweller (1988) John Sweller. 1988. Cognitive Load during Problem Solving: Effects on Learning. Cognitive Science 12, 2 (April 1988), 257–285. https://doi.org/10.1016/0364-0213(88)90023-7 Sweller (2010) John Sweller. 2010. Element Interactivity and Intrinsic, Extraneous, and Germane Cognitive Load. Educational Psychology Review 22, 2 (June 2010), 123–138. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-010-9128-5 Thomas (2006) David R Thomas. 2006. A general inductive approach for analyzing qualitative evaluation data. American journal of evaluation 27, 2 (2006), 237–246. Thompson et al. (2023) John R Thompson, Jesse J Martinez, Alper Sarikaya, Edward Cutrell, and Bongshin Lee. 2023. Chart Reader: Accessible Visualization Experiences Designed with Screen Reader Users. In Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI ’23). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1145/3544548.3581186 Unicode ([n. d.]) Unicode. [n. d.]. Braille Patterns. https://unicode.org/charts/nameslist/c_2800.html Wasserman (1985) Anthony I. Wasserman. 1985. Extending state transition diagrams for the specification of human–computer interaction. IEEE transactions on Software Engineering 8 (1985), 699–713. White (2020) Jason J. G. White. 2020. The Accessibility of Mathematical Notation on the Web and Beyond. Journal of Science Education for Students with Disabilities 23, 1 (2020). Wickham (2010) Hadley Wickham. 2010. A Layered Grammar of Graphics. Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics 19, 1 (Jan. 2010), 3–28. https://doi.org/10.1198/jcgs.2009.07098 Wilkinson (2012) Leland Wilkinson. 2012. The Grammar of Graphics. In Handbook of Computational Statistics: Concepts and Methods, James E. Gentle, Wolfgang Karl Härdle, and Yuichi Mori (Eds.). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 375–414. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21551-3_13 Zhao et al. (2012) Kai Zhao et al. 2012. A Novel Braille Display Using the Vibration of SMA Wires and the Evaluation of Braille Presentations. Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering 7, 4 (2012), 416–425. https://doi.org/10.1299/jbse.7.416 Zong et al. (2022) Jonathan Zong, Crystal Lee, Alan Lundgard, JiWoong Jang, Daniel Hajas, and Arvind Satyanarayan. 2022. Rich Screen Reader Experiences for Accessible Data Visualization. Computer Graphics Forum (Proc. EuroVis) 41, 3 (2022), 15–27. II Claude Edward Summers, Robert E. Allison JR, Julianna Elizabeth Langston, and Jennifer Antonia Cowley. 2014. Accessible Data Visualizations for Visually Impaired Users. Summers et al. (2019) II Claude Edward Summers, Julianna Elizabeth Langston, Jesse Daniel Sookne, Jesse Benjamin Olley, Kerry Leanne Smith Trout, Cleester Daniel Heath IV, Samuel Edward Kalat, and Paul William Layne. 2019. Converting Graphical Data-Visualizations into Sonified Output. Summers et al. (2022) II Claude Edward Summers, Sean Patrick Mealin, Julianna Elizabeth Langston, Gregory David Kraus, Jonathan Tyler Williamson, Lisa Beth Morton Robinson, Jesse Daniel Sookne, and Brice Joseph Smith. 2022. User Interfaces for Converting Geospatial Data into Audio Outputs. Sweller (1988) John Sweller. 1988. Cognitive Load during Problem Solving: Effects on Learning. Cognitive Science 12, 2 (April 1988), 257–285. https://doi.org/10.1016/0364-0213(88)90023-7 Sweller (2010) John Sweller. 2010. Element Interactivity and Intrinsic, Extraneous, and Germane Cognitive Load. Educational Psychology Review 22, 2 (June 2010), 123–138. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-010-9128-5 Thomas (2006) David R Thomas. 2006. A general inductive approach for analyzing qualitative evaluation data. American journal of evaluation 27, 2 (2006), 237–246. Thompson et al. (2023) John R Thompson, Jesse J Martinez, Alper Sarikaya, Edward Cutrell, and Bongshin Lee. 2023. Chart Reader: Accessible Visualization Experiences Designed with Screen Reader Users. In Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI ’23). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1145/3544548.3581186 Unicode ([n. d.]) Unicode. [n. d.]. Braille Patterns. https://unicode.org/charts/nameslist/c_2800.html Wasserman (1985) Anthony I. Wasserman. 1985. Extending state transition diagrams for the specification of human–computer interaction. IEEE transactions on Software Engineering 8 (1985), 699–713. White (2020) Jason J. G. White. 2020. The Accessibility of Mathematical Notation on the Web and Beyond. Journal of Science Education for Students with Disabilities 23, 1 (2020). Wickham (2010) Hadley Wickham. 2010. A Layered Grammar of Graphics. Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics 19, 1 (Jan. 2010), 3–28. https://doi.org/10.1198/jcgs.2009.07098 Wilkinson (2012) Leland Wilkinson. 2012. The Grammar of Graphics. In Handbook of Computational Statistics: Concepts and Methods, James E. Gentle, Wolfgang Karl Härdle, and Yuichi Mori (Eds.). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 375–414. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21551-3_13 Zhao et al. (2012) Kai Zhao et al. 2012. A Novel Braille Display Using the Vibration of SMA Wires and the Evaluation of Braille Presentations. Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering 7, 4 (2012), 416–425. https://doi.org/10.1299/jbse.7.416 Zong et al. (2022) Jonathan Zong, Crystal Lee, Alan Lundgard, JiWoong Jang, Daniel Hajas, and Arvind Satyanarayan. 2022. Rich Screen Reader Experiences for Accessible Data Visualization. Computer Graphics Forum (Proc. EuroVis) 41, 3 (2022), 15–27. II Claude Edward Summers, Julianna Elizabeth Langston, Jesse Daniel Sookne, Jesse Benjamin Olley, Kerry Leanne Smith Trout, Cleester Daniel Heath IV, Samuel Edward Kalat, and Paul William Layne. 2019. Converting Graphical Data-Visualizations into Sonified Output. Summers et al. (2022) II Claude Edward Summers, Sean Patrick Mealin, Julianna Elizabeth Langston, Gregory David Kraus, Jonathan Tyler Williamson, Lisa Beth Morton Robinson, Jesse Daniel Sookne, and Brice Joseph Smith. 2022. User Interfaces for Converting Geospatial Data into Audio Outputs. Sweller (1988) John Sweller. 1988. Cognitive Load during Problem Solving: Effects on Learning. Cognitive Science 12, 2 (April 1988), 257–285. https://doi.org/10.1016/0364-0213(88)90023-7 Sweller (2010) John Sweller. 2010. Element Interactivity and Intrinsic, Extraneous, and Germane Cognitive Load. Educational Psychology Review 22, 2 (June 2010), 123–138. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-010-9128-5 Thomas (2006) David R Thomas. 2006. A general inductive approach for analyzing qualitative evaluation data. American journal of evaluation 27, 2 (2006), 237–246. Thompson et al. (2023) John R Thompson, Jesse J Martinez, Alper Sarikaya, Edward Cutrell, and Bongshin Lee. 2023. Chart Reader: Accessible Visualization Experiences Designed with Screen Reader Users. In Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI ’23). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1145/3544548.3581186 Unicode ([n. d.]) Unicode. [n. d.]. Braille Patterns. https://unicode.org/charts/nameslist/c_2800.html Wasserman (1985) Anthony I. Wasserman. 1985. Extending state transition diagrams for the specification of human–computer interaction. IEEE transactions on Software Engineering 8 (1985), 699–713. White (2020) Jason J. G. White. 2020. The Accessibility of Mathematical Notation on the Web and Beyond. Journal of Science Education for Students with Disabilities 23, 1 (2020). Wickham (2010) Hadley Wickham. 2010. A Layered Grammar of Graphics. Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics 19, 1 (Jan. 2010), 3–28. https://doi.org/10.1198/jcgs.2009.07098 Wilkinson (2012) Leland Wilkinson. 2012. The Grammar of Graphics. In Handbook of Computational Statistics: Concepts and Methods, James E. Gentle, Wolfgang Karl Härdle, and Yuichi Mori (Eds.). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 375–414. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21551-3_13 Zhao et al. (2012) Kai Zhao et al. 2012. A Novel Braille Display Using the Vibration of SMA Wires and the Evaluation of Braille Presentations. Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering 7, 4 (2012), 416–425. https://doi.org/10.1299/jbse.7.416 Zong et al. (2022) Jonathan Zong, Crystal Lee, Alan Lundgard, JiWoong Jang, Daniel Hajas, and Arvind Satyanarayan. 2022. Rich Screen Reader Experiences for Accessible Data Visualization. Computer Graphics Forum (Proc. EuroVis) 41, 3 (2022), 15–27. II Claude Edward Summers, Sean Patrick Mealin, Julianna Elizabeth Langston, Gregory David Kraus, Jonathan Tyler Williamson, Lisa Beth Morton Robinson, Jesse Daniel Sookne, and Brice Joseph Smith. 2022. User Interfaces for Converting Geospatial Data into Audio Outputs. Sweller (1988) John Sweller. 1988. Cognitive Load during Problem Solving: Effects on Learning. Cognitive Science 12, 2 (April 1988), 257–285. https://doi.org/10.1016/0364-0213(88)90023-7 Sweller (2010) John Sweller. 2010. Element Interactivity and Intrinsic, Extraneous, and Germane Cognitive Load. Educational Psychology Review 22, 2 (June 2010), 123–138. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-010-9128-5 Thomas (2006) David R Thomas. 2006. A general inductive approach for analyzing qualitative evaluation data. American journal of evaluation 27, 2 (2006), 237–246. Thompson et al. (2023) John R Thompson, Jesse J Martinez, Alper Sarikaya, Edward Cutrell, and Bongshin Lee. 2023. Chart Reader: Accessible Visualization Experiences Designed with Screen Reader Users. In Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI ’23). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1145/3544548.3581186 Unicode ([n. d.]) Unicode. [n. d.]. Braille Patterns. https://unicode.org/charts/nameslist/c_2800.html Wasserman (1985) Anthony I. Wasserman. 1985. Extending state transition diagrams for the specification of human–computer interaction. IEEE transactions on Software Engineering 8 (1985), 699–713. White (2020) Jason J. G. White. 2020. The Accessibility of Mathematical Notation on the Web and Beyond. Journal of Science Education for Students with Disabilities 23, 1 (2020). Wickham (2010) Hadley Wickham. 2010. A Layered Grammar of Graphics. Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics 19, 1 (Jan. 2010), 3–28. https://doi.org/10.1198/jcgs.2009.07098 Wilkinson (2012) Leland Wilkinson. 2012. The Grammar of Graphics. In Handbook of Computational Statistics: Concepts and Methods, James E. Gentle, Wolfgang Karl Härdle, and Yuichi Mori (Eds.). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 375–414. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21551-3_13 Zhao et al. (2012) Kai Zhao et al. 2012. A Novel Braille Display Using the Vibration of SMA Wires and the Evaluation of Braille Presentations. Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering 7, 4 (2012), 416–425. https://doi.org/10.1299/jbse.7.416 Zong et al. (2022) Jonathan Zong, Crystal Lee, Alan Lundgard, JiWoong Jang, Daniel Hajas, and Arvind Satyanarayan. 2022. Rich Screen Reader Experiences for Accessible Data Visualization. Computer Graphics Forum (Proc. EuroVis) 41, 3 (2022), 15–27. John Sweller. 1988. Cognitive Load during Problem Solving: Effects on Learning. Cognitive Science 12, 2 (April 1988), 257–285. https://doi.org/10.1016/0364-0213(88)90023-7 Sweller (2010) John Sweller. 2010. Element Interactivity and Intrinsic, Extraneous, and Germane Cognitive Load. Educational Psychology Review 22, 2 (June 2010), 123–138. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-010-9128-5 Thomas (2006) David R Thomas. 2006. A general inductive approach for analyzing qualitative evaluation data. American journal of evaluation 27, 2 (2006), 237–246. Thompson et al. (2023) John R Thompson, Jesse J Martinez, Alper Sarikaya, Edward Cutrell, and Bongshin Lee. 2023. Chart Reader: Accessible Visualization Experiences Designed with Screen Reader Users. In Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI ’23). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1145/3544548.3581186 Unicode ([n. d.]) Unicode. [n. d.]. Braille Patterns. https://unicode.org/charts/nameslist/c_2800.html Wasserman (1985) Anthony I. Wasserman. 1985. Extending state transition diagrams for the specification of human–computer interaction. IEEE transactions on Software Engineering 8 (1985), 699–713. White (2020) Jason J. G. White. 2020. The Accessibility of Mathematical Notation on the Web and Beyond. Journal of Science Education for Students with Disabilities 23, 1 (2020). Wickham (2010) Hadley Wickham. 2010. A Layered Grammar of Graphics. Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics 19, 1 (Jan. 2010), 3–28. https://doi.org/10.1198/jcgs.2009.07098 Wilkinson (2012) Leland Wilkinson. 2012. The Grammar of Graphics. In Handbook of Computational Statistics: Concepts and Methods, James E. Gentle, Wolfgang Karl Härdle, and Yuichi Mori (Eds.). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 375–414. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21551-3_13 Zhao et al. (2012) Kai Zhao et al. 2012. A Novel Braille Display Using the Vibration of SMA Wires and the Evaluation of Braille Presentations. Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering 7, 4 (2012), 416–425. https://doi.org/10.1299/jbse.7.416 Zong et al. (2022) Jonathan Zong, Crystal Lee, Alan Lundgard, JiWoong Jang, Daniel Hajas, and Arvind Satyanarayan. 2022. Rich Screen Reader Experiences for Accessible Data Visualization. Computer Graphics Forum (Proc. EuroVis) 41, 3 (2022), 15–27. John Sweller. 2010. Element Interactivity and Intrinsic, Extraneous, and Germane Cognitive Load. Educational Psychology Review 22, 2 (June 2010), 123–138. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-010-9128-5 Thomas (2006) David R Thomas. 2006. A general inductive approach for analyzing qualitative evaluation data. American journal of evaluation 27, 2 (2006), 237–246. Thompson et al. (2023) John R Thompson, Jesse J Martinez, Alper Sarikaya, Edward Cutrell, and Bongshin Lee. 2023. Chart Reader: Accessible Visualization Experiences Designed with Screen Reader Users. In Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI ’23). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1145/3544548.3581186 Unicode ([n. d.]) Unicode. [n. d.]. Braille Patterns. https://unicode.org/charts/nameslist/c_2800.html Wasserman (1985) Anthony I. Wasserman. 1985. Extending state transition diagrams for the specification of human–computer interaction. IEEE transactions on Software Engineering 8 (1985), 699–713. White (2020) Jason J. G. White. 2020. The Accessibility of Mathematical Notation on the Web and Beyond. Journal of Science Education for Students with Disabilities 23, 1 (2020). Wickham (2010) Hadley Wickham. 2010. A Layered Grammar of Graphics. Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics 19, 1 (Jan. 2010), 3–28. https://doi.org/10.1198/jcgs.2009.07098 Wilkinson (2012) Leland Wilkinson. 2012. The Grammar of Graphics. In Handbook of Computational Statistics: Concepts and Methods, James E. Gentle, Wolfgang Karl Härdle, and Yuichi Mori (Eds.). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 375–414. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21551-3_13 Zhao et al. (2012) Kai Zhao et al. 2012. A Novel Braille Display Using the Vibration of SMA Wires and the Evaluation of Braille Presentations. Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering 7, 4 (2012), 416–425. https://doi.org/10.1299/jbse.7.416 Zong et al. (2022) Jonathan Zong, Crystal Lee, Alan Lundgard, JiWoong Jang, Daniel Hajas, and Arvind Satyanarayan. 2022. Rich Screen Reader Experiences for Accessible Data Visualization. Computer Graphics Forum (Proc. EuroVis) 41, 3 (2022), 15–27. David R Thomas. 2006. A general inductive approach for analyzing qualitative evaluation data. American journal of evaluation 27, 2 (2006), 237–246. Thompson et al. (2023) John R Thompson, Jesse J Martinez, Alper Sarikaya, Edward Cutrell, and Bongshin Lee. 2023. Chart Reader: Accessible Visualization Experiences Designed with Screen Reader Users. In Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI ’23). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1145/3544548.3581186 Unicode ([n. d.]) Unicode. [n. d.]. Braille Patterns. https://unicode.org/charts/nameslist/c_2800.html Wasserman (1985) Anthony I. Wasserman. 1985. Extending state transition diagrams for the specification of human–computer interaction. IEEE transactions on Software Engineering 8 (1985), 699–713. White (2020) Jason J. G. White. 2020. The Accessibility of Mathematical Notation on the Web and Beyond. Journal of Science Education for Students with Disabilities 23, 1 (2020). Wickham (2010) Hadley Wickham. 2010. A Layered Grammar of Graphics. Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics 19, 1 (Jan. 2010), 3–28. https://doi.org/10.1198/jcgs.2009.07098 Wilkinson (2012) Leland Wilkinson. 2012. The Grammar of Graphics. In Handbook of Computational Statistics: Concepts and Methods, James E. Gentle, Wolfgang Karl Härdle, and Yuichi Mori (Eds.). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 375–414. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21551-3_13 Zhao et al. (2012) Kai Zhao et al. 2012. A Novel Braille Display Using the Vibration of SMA Wires and the Evaluation of Braille Presentations. Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering 7, 4 (2012), 416–425. https://doi.org/10.1299/jbse.7.416 Zong et al. (2022) Jonathan Zong, Crystal Lee, Alan Lundgard, JiWoong Jang, Daniel Hajas, and Arvind Satyanarayan. 2022. Rich Screen Reader Experiences for Accessible Data Visualization. Computer Graphics Forum (Proc. EuroVis) 41, 3 (2022), 15–27. John R Thompson, Jesse J Martinez, Alper Sarikaya, Edward Cutrell, and Bongshin Lee. 2023. Chart Reader: Accessible Visualization Experiences Designed with Screen Reader Users. In Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI ’23). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1145/3544548.3581186 Unicode ([n. d.]) Unicode. [n. d.]. Braille Patterns. https://unicode.org/charts/nameslist/c_2800.html Wasserman (1985) Anthony I. Wasserman. 1985. Extending state transition diagrams for the specification of human–computer interaction. IEEE transactions on Software Engineering 8 (1985), 699–713. White (2020) Jason J. G. White. 2020. The Accessibility of Mathematical Notation on the Web and Beyond. Journal of Science Education for Students with Disabilities 23, 1 (2020). Wickham (2010) Hadley Wickham. 2010. A Layered Grammar of Graphics. Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics 19, 1 (Jan. 2010), 3–28. https://doi.org/10.1198/jcgs.2009.07098 Wilkinson (2012) Leland Wilkinson. 2012. The Grammar of Graphics. In Handbook of Computational Statistics: Concepts and Methods, James E. Gentle, Wolfgang Karl Härdle, and Yuichi Mori (Eds.). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 375–414. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21551-3_13 Zhao et al. (2012) Kai Zhao et al. 2012. A Novel Braille Display Using the Vibration of SMA Wires and the Evaluation of Braille Presentations. Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering 7, 4 (2012), 416–425. https://doi.org/10.1299/jbse.7.416 Zong et al. (2022) Jonathan Zong, Crystal Lee, Alan Lundgard, JiWoong Jang, Daniel Hajas, and Arvind Satyanarayan. 2022. Rich Screen Reader Experiences for Accessible Data Visualization. Computer Graphics Forum (Proc. EuroVis) 41, 3 (2022), 15–27. Unicode. [n. d.]. Braille Patterns. https://unicode.org/charts/nameslist/c_2800.html Wasserman (1985) Anthony I. Wasserman. 1985. Extending state transition diagrams for the specification of human–computer interaction. IEEE transactions on Software Engineering 8 (1985), 699–713. White (2020) Jason J. G. White. 2020. The Accessibility of Mathematical Notation on the Web and Beyond. Journal of Science Education for Students with Disabilities 23, 1 (2020). Wickham (2010) Hadley Wickham. 2010. A Layered Grammar of Graphics. Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics 19, 1 (Jan. 2010), 3–28. https://doi.org/10.1198/jcgs.2009.07098 Wilkinson (2012) Leland Wilkinson. 2012. The Grammar of Graphics. In Handbook of Computational Statistics: Concepts and Methods, James E. Gentle, Wolfgang Karl Härdle, and Yuichi Mori (Eds.). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 375–414. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21551-3_13 Zhao et al. (2012) Kai Zhao et al. 2012. A Novel Braille Display Using the Vibration of SMA Wires and the Evaluation of Braille Presentations. Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering 7, 4 (2012), 416–425. https://doi.org/10.1299/jbse.7.416 Zong et al. (2022) Jonathan Zong, Crystal Lee, Alan Lundgard, JiWoong Jang, Daniel Hajas, and Arvind Satyanarayan. 2022. Rich Screen Reader Experiences for Accessible Data Visualization. Computer Graphics Forum (Proc. EuroVis) 41, 3 (2022), 15–27. Anthony I. Wasserman. 1985. Extending state transition diagrams for the specification of human–computer interaction. IEEE transactions on Software Engineering 8 (1985), 699–713. White (2020) Jason J. G. White. 2020. The Accessibility of Mathematical Notation on the Web and Beyond. Journal of Science Education for Students with Disabilities 23, 1 (2020). Wickham (2010) Hadley Wickham. 2010. A Layered Grammar of Graphics. Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics 19, 1 (Jan. 2010), 3–28. https://doi.org/10.1198/jcgs.2009.07098 Wilkinson (2012) Leland Wilkinson. 2012. The Grammar of Graphics. In Handbook of Computational Statistics: Concepts and Methods, James E. Gentle, Wolfgang Karl Härdle, and Yuichi Mori (Eds.). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 375–414. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21551-3_13 Zhao et al. (2012) Kai Zhao et al. 2012. A Novel Braille Display Using the Vibration of SMA Wires and the Evaluation of Braille Presentations. 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IEEE transactions on Software Engineering 8 (1985), 699–713. White (2020) Jason J. G. White. 2020. The Accessibility of Mathematical Notation on the Web and Beyond. Journal of Science Education for Students with Disabilities 23, 1 (2020). Wickham (2010) Hadley Wickham. 2010. A Layered Grammar of Graphics. Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics 19, 1 (Jan. 2010), 3–28. https://doi.org/10.1198/jcgs.2009.07098 Wilkinson (2012) Leland Wilkinson. 2012. The Grammar of Graphics. In Handbook of Computational Statistics: Concepts and Methods, James E. Gentle, Wolfgang Karl Härdle, and Yuichi Mori (Eds.). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 375–414. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21551-3_13 Zhao et al. (2012) Kai Zhao et al. 2012. A Novel Braille Display Using the Vibration of SMA Wires and the Evaluation of Braille Presentations. Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering 7, 4 (2012), 416–425. https://doi.org/10.1299/jbse.7.416 Zong et al. (2022) Jonathan Zong, Crystal Lee, Alan Lundgard, JiWoong Jang, Daniel Hajas, and Arvind Satyanarayan. 2022. Rich Screen Reader Experiences for Accessible Data Visualization. Computer Graphics Forum (Proc. EuroVis) 41, 3 (2022), 15–27. Alexa Siu, Gene S-H Kim, Sile O’Modhrain, and Sean Follmer. 2022. Supporting Accessible Data Visualization Through Audio Data Narratives. In CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. ACM, New Orleans LA USA, 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1145/3491102.3517678 Srinivasan et al. (2023) Arjun Srinivasan, Tim Harshbarger, Darrell Hilliker, and Jennifer Mankoff. 2023. Azimuth: Designing Accessible Dashboards for Screen Reader Users. In Proceedings of the 25th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS ’23). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1145/3597638.3608405 Summers et al. (2014) II Claude Edward Summers, Robert E. Allison JR, Julianna Elizabeth Langston, and Jennifer Antonia Cowley. 2014. Accessible Data Visualizations for Visually Impaired Users. Summers et al. (2019) II Claude Edward Summers, Julianna Elizabeth Langston, Jesse Daniel Sookne, Jesse Benjamin Olley, Kerry Leanne Smith Trout, Cleester Daniel Heath IV, Samuel Edward Kalat, and Paul William Layne. 2019. Converting Graphical Data-Visualizations into Sonified Output. Summers et al. (2022) II Claude Edward Summers, Sean Patrick Mealin, Julianna Elizabeth Langston, Gregory David Kraus, Jonathan Tyler Williamson, Lisa Beth Morton Robinson, Jesse Daniel Sookne, and Brice Joseph Smith. 2022. User Interfaces for Converting Geospatial Data into Audio Outputs. Sweller (1988) John Sweller. 1988. Cognitive Load during Problem Solving: Effects on Learning. Cognitive Science 12, 2 (April 1988), 257–285. https://doi.org/10.1016/0364-0213(88)90023-7 Sweller (2010) John Sweller. 2010. Element Interactivity and Intrinsic, Extraneous, and Germane Cognitive Load. Educational Psychology Review 22, 2 (June 2010), 123–138. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-010-9128-5 Thomas (2006) David R Thomas. 2006. A general inductive approach for analyzing qualitative evaluation data. American journal of evaluation 27, 2 (2006), 237–246. Thompson et al. (2023) John R Thompson, Jesse J Martinez, Alper Sarikaya, Edward Cutrell, and Bongshin Lee. 2023. Chart Reader: Accessible Visualization Experiences Designed with Screen Reader Users. In Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI ’23). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1145/3544548.3581186 Unicode ([n. d.]) Unicode. [n. d.]. Braille Patterns. https://unicode.org/charts/nameslist/c_2800.html Wasserman (1985) Anthony I. Wasserman. 1985. Extending state transition diagrams for the specification of human–computer interaction. IEEE transactions on Software Engineering 8 (1985), 699–713. White (2020) Jason J. G. White. 2020. The Accessibility of Mathematical Notation on the Web and Beyond. Journal of Science Education for Students with Disabilities 23, 1 (2020). Wickham (2010) Hadley Wickham. 2010. A Layered Grammar of Graphics. Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics 19, 1 (Jan. 2010), 3–28. https://doi.org/10.1198/jcgs.2009.07098 Wilkinson (2012) Leland Wilkinson. 2012. The Grammar of Graphics. In Handbook of Computational Statistics: Concepts and Methods, James E. Gentle, Wolfgang Karl Härdle, and Yuichi Mori (Eds.). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 375–414. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21551-3_13 Zhao et al. (2012) Kai Zhao et al. 2012. A Novel Braille Display Using the Vibration of SMA Wires and the Evaluation of Braille Presentations. Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering 7, 4 (2012), 416–425. https://doi.org/10.1299/jbse.7.416 Zong et al. (2022) Jonathan Zong, Crystal Lee, Alan Lundgard, JiWoong Jang, Daniel Hajas, and Arvind Satyanarayan. 2022. Rich Screen Reader Experiences for Accessible Data Visualization. Computer Graphics Forum (Proc. EuroVis) 41, 3 (2022), 15–27. Arjun Srinivasan, Tim Harshbarger, Darrell Hilliker, and Jennifer Mankoff. 2023. Azimuth: Designing Accessible Dashboards for Screen Reader Users. In Proceedings of the 25th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS ’23). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1145/3597638.3608405 Summers et al. (2014) II Claude Edward Summers, Robert E. Allison JR, Julianna Elizabeth Langston, and Jennifer Antonia Cowley. 2014. Accessible Data Visualizations for Visually Impaired Users. Summers et al. (2019) II Claude Edward Summers, Julianna Elizabeth Langston, Jesse Daniel Sookne, Jesse Benjamin Olley, Kerry Leanne Smith Trout, Cleester Daniel Heath IV, Samuel Edward Kalat, and Paul William Layne. 2019. Converting Graphical Data-Visualizations into Sonified Output. Summers et al. (2022) II Claude Edward Summers, Sean Patrick Mealin, Julianna Elizabeth Langston, Gregory David Kraus, Jonathan Tyler Williamson, Lisa Beth Morton Robinson, Jesse Daniel Sookne, and Brice Joseph Smith. 2022. User Interfaces for Converting Geospatial Data into Audio Outputs. Sweller (1988) John Sweller. 1988. Cognitive Load during Problem Solving: Effects on Learning. Cognitive Science 12, 2 (April 1988), 257–285. https://doi.org/10.1016/0364-0213(88)90023-7 Sweller (2010) John Sweller. 2010. Element Interactivity and Intrinsic, Extraneous, and Germane Cognitive Load. Educational Psychology Review 22, 2 (June 2010), 123–138. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-010-9128-5 Thomas (2006) David R Thomas. 2006. A general inductive approach for analyzing qualitative evaluation data. American journal of evaluation 27, 2 (2006), 237–246. Thompson et al. (2023) John R Thompson, Jesse J Martinez, Alper Sarikaya, Edward Cutrell, and Bongshin Lee. 2023. Chart Reader: Accessible Visualization Experiences Designed with Screen Reader Users. In Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI ’23). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1145/3544548.3581186 Unicode ([n. d.]) Unicode. [n. d.]. Braille Patterns. https://unicode.org/charts/nameslist/c_2800.html Wasserman (1985) Anthony I. Wasserman. 1985. Extending state transition diagrams for the specification of human–computer interaction. IEEE transactions on Software Engineering 8 (1985), 699–713. White (2020) Jason J. G. White. 2020. The Accessibility of Mathematical Notation on the Web and Beyond. Journal of Science Education for Students with Disabilities 23, 1 (2020). Wickham (2010) Hadley Wickham. 2010. A Layered Grammar of Graphics. Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics 19, 1 (Jan. 2010), 3–28. https://doi.org/10.1198/jcgs.2009.07098 Wilkinson (2012) Leland Wilkinson. 2012. The Grammar of Graphics. In Handbook of Computational Statistics: Concepts and Methods, James E. Gentle, Wolfgang Karl Härdle, and Yuichi Mori (Eds.). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 375–414. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21551-3_13 Zhao et al. (2012) Kai Zhao et al. 2012. A Novel Braille Display Using the Vibration of SMA Wires and the Evaluation of Braille Presentations. Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering 7, 4 (2012), 416–425. https://doi.org/10.1299/jbse.7.416 Zong et al. (2022) Jonathan Zong, Crystal Lee, Alan Lundgard, JiWoong Jang, Daniel Hajas, and Arvind Satyanarayan. 2022. Rich Screen Reader Experiences for Accessible Data Visualization. Computer Graphics Forum (Proc. EuroVis) 41, 3 (2022), 15–27. II Claude Edward Summers, Robert E. Allison JR, Julianna Elizabeth Langston, and Jennifer Antonia Cowley. 2014. Accessible Data Visualizations for Visually Impaired Users. Summers et al. (2019) II Claude Edward Summers, Julianna Elizabeth Langston, Jesse Daniel Sookne, Jesse Benjamin Olley, Kerry Leanne Smith Trout, Cleester Daniel Heath IV, Samuel Edward Kalat, and Paul William Layne. 2019. Converting Graphical Data-Visualizations into Sonified Output. Summers et al. (2022) II Claude Edward Summers, Sean Patrick Mealin, Julianna Elizabeth Langston, Gregory David Kraus, Jonathan Tyler Williamson, Lisa Beth Morton Robinson, Jesse Daniel Sookne, and Brice Joseph Smith. 2022. User Interfaces for Converting Geospatial Data into Audio Outputs. Sweller (1988) John Sweller. 1988. Cognitive Load during Problem Solving: Effects on Learning. Cognitive Science 12, 2 (April 1988), 257–285. https://doi.org/10.1016/0364-0213(88)90023-7 Sweller (2010) John Sweller. 2010. Element Interactivity and Intrinsic, Extraneous, and Germane Cognitive Load. Educational Psychology Review 22, 2 (June 2010), 123–138. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-010-9128-5 Thomas (2006) David R Thomas. 2006. A general inductive approach for analyzing qualitative evaluation data. American journal of evaluation 27, 2 (2006), 237–246. Thompson et al. (2023) John R Thompson, Jesse J Martinez, Alper Sarikaya, Edward Cutrell, and Bongshin Lee. 2023. Chart Reader: Accessible Visualization Experiences Designed with Screen Reader Users. In Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI ’23). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1145/3544548.3581186 Unicode ([n. d.]) Unicode. [n. d.]. Braille Patterns. https://unicode.org/charts/nameslist/c_2800.html Wasserman (1985) Anthony I. Wasserman. 1985. Extending state transition diagrams for the specification of human–computer interaction. IEEE transactions on Software Engineering 8 (1985), 699–713. White (2020) Jason J. G. White. 2020. The Accessibility of Mathematical Notation on the Web and Beyond. Journal of Science Education for Students with Disabilities 23, 1 (2020). Wickham (2010) Hadley Wickham. 2010. A Layered Grammar of Graphics. Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics 19, 1 (Jan. 2010), 3–28. https://doi.org/10.1198/jcgs.2009.07098 Wilkinson (2012) Leland Wilkinson. 2012. The Grammar of Graphics. In Handbook of Computational Statistics: Concepts and Methods, James E. Gentle, Wolfgang Karl Härdle, and Yuichi Mori (Eds.). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 375–414. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21551-3_13 Zhao et al. (2012) Kai Zhao et al. 2012. A Novel Braille Display Using the Vibration of SMA Wires and the Evaluation of Braille Presentations. Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering 7, 4 (2012), 416–425. https://doi.org/10.1299/jbse.7.416 Zong et al. (2022) Jonathan Zong, Crystal Lee, Alan Lundgard, JiWoong Jang, Daniel Hajas, and Arvind Satyanarayan. 2022. Rich Screen Reader Experiences for Accessible Data Visualization. Computer Graphics Forum (Proc. EuroVis) 41, 3 (2022), 15–27. II Claude Edward Summers, Julianna Elizabeth Langston, Jesse Daniel Sookne, Jesse Benjamin Olley, Kerry Leanne Smith Trout, Cleester Daniel Heath IV, Samuel Edward Kalat, and Paul William Layne. 2019. Converting Graphical Data-Visualizations into Sonified Output. Summers et al. (2022) II Claude Edward Summers, Sean Patrick Mealin, Julianna Elizabeth Langston, Gregory David Kraus, Jonathan Tyler Williamson, Lisa Beth Morton Robinson, Jesse Daniel Sookne, and Brice Joseph Smith. 2022. User Interfaces for Converting Geospatial Data into Audio Outputs. Sweller (1988) John Sweller. 1988. Cognitive Load during Problem Solving: Effects on Learning. Cognitive Science 12, 2 (April 1988), 257–285. https://doi.org/10.1016/0364-0213(88)90023-7 Sweller (2010) John Sweller. 2010. Element Interactivity and Intrinsic, Extraneous, and Germane Cognitive Load. Educational Psychology Review 22, 2 (June 2010), 123–138. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-010-9128-5 Thomas (2006) David R Thomas. 2006. A general inductive approach for analyzing qualitative evaluation data. American journal of evaluation 27, 2 (2006), 237–246. Thompson et al. (2023) John R Thompson, Jesse J Martinez, Alper Sarikaya, Edward Cutrell, and Bongshin Lee. 2023. Chart Reader: Accessible Visualization Experiences Designed with Screen Reader Users. In Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI ’23). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1145/3544548.3581186 Unicode ([n. d.]) Unicode. [n. d.]. Braille Patterns. https://unicode.org/charts/nameslist/c_2800.html Wasserman (1985) Anthony I. Wasserman. 1985. Extending state transition diagrams for the specification of human–computer interaction. IEEE transactions on Software Engineering 8 (1985), 699–713. White (2020) Jason J. G. White. 2020. The Accessibility of Mathematical Notation on the Web and Beyond. Journal of Science Education for Students with Disabilities 23, 1 (2020). Wickham (2010) Hadley Wickham. 2010. A Layered Grammar of Graphics. Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics 19, 1 (Jan. 2010), 3–28. https://doi.org/10.1198/jcgs.2009.07098 Wilkinson (2012) Leland Wilkinson. 2012. The Grammar of Graphics. In Handbook of Computational Statistics: Concepts and Methods, James E. Gentle, Wolfgang Karl Härdle, and Yuichi Mori (Eds.). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 375–414. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21551-3_13 Zhao et al. (2012) Kai Zhao et al. 2012. A Novel Braille Display Using the Vibration of SMA Wires and the Evaluation of Braille Presentations. Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering 7, 4 (2012), 416–425. https://doi.org/10.1299/jbse.7.416 Zong et al. (2022) Jonathan Zong, Crystal Lee, Alan Lundgard, JiWoong Jang, Daniel Hajas, and Arvind Satyanarayan. 2022. Rich Screen Reader Experiences for Accessible Data Visualization. Computer Graphics Forum (Proc. EuroVis) 41, 3 (2022), 15–27. II Claude Edward Summers, Sean Patrick Mealin, Julianna Elizabeth Langston, Gregory David Kraus, Jonathan Tyler Williamson, Lisa Beth Morton Robinson, Jesse Daniel Sookne, and Brice Joseph Smith. 2022. User Interfaces for Converting Geospatial Data into Audio Outputs. Sweller (1988) John Sweller. 1988. Cognitive Load during Problem Solving: Effects on Learning. Cognitive Science 12, 2 (April 1988), 257–285. https://doi.org/10.1016/0364-0213(88)90023-7 Sweller (2010) John Sweller. 2010. Element Interactivity and Intrinsic, Extraneous, and Germane Cognitive Load. Educational Psychology Review 22, 2 (June 2010), 123–138. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-010-9128-5 Thomas (2006) David R Thomas. 2006. A general inductive approach for analyzing qualitative evaluation data. American journal of evaluation 27, 2 (2006), 237–246. Thompson et al. (2023) John R Thompson, Jesse J Martinez, Alper Sarikaya, Edward Cutrell, and Bongshin Lee. 2023. Chart Reader: Accessible Visualization Experiences Designed with Screen Reader Users. In Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI ’23). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1145/3544548.3581186 Unicode ([n. d.]) Unicode. [n. d.]. Braille Patterns. https://unicode.org/charts/nameslist/c_2800.html Wasserman (1985) Anthony I. Wasserman. 1985. Extending state transition diagrams for the specification of human–computer interaction. IEEE transactions on Software Engineering 8 (1985), 699–713. White (2020) Jason J. G. White. 2020. The Accessibility of Mathematical Notation on the Web and Beyond. Journal of Science Education for Students with Disabilities 23, 1 (2020). Wickham (2010) Hadley Wickham. 2010. A Layered Grammar of Graphics. Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics 19, 1 (Jan. 2010), 3–28. https://doi.org/10.1198/jcgs.2009.07098 Wilkinson (2012) Leland Wilkinson. 2012. The Grammar of Graphics. In Handbook of Computational Statistics: Concepts and Methods, James E. Gentle, Wolfgang Karl Härdle, and Yuichi Mori (Eds.). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 375–414. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21551-3_13 Zhao et al. (2012) Kai Zhao et al. 2012. A Novel Braille Display Using the Vibration of SMA Wires and the Evaluation of Braille Presentations. Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering 7, 4 (2012), 416–425. https://doi.org/10.1299/jbse.7.416 Zong et al. (2022) Jonathan Zong, Crystal Lee, Alan Lundgard, JiWoong Jang, Daniel Hajas, and Arvind Satyanarayan. 2022. Rich Screen Reader Experiences for Accessible Data Visualization. Computer Graphics Forum (Proc. EuroVis) 41, 3 (2022), 15–27. John Sweller. 1988. Cognitive Load during Problem Solving: Effects on Learning. Cognitive Science 12, 2 (April 1988), 257–285. https://doi.org/10.1016/0364-0213(88)90023-7 Sweller (2010) John Sweller. 2010. Element Interactivity and Intrinsic, Extraneous, and Germane Cognitive Load. Educational Psychology Review 22, 2 (June 2010), 123–138. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-010-9128-5 Thomas (2006) David R Thomas. 2006. A general inductive approach for analyzing qualitative evaluation data. American journal of evaluation 27, 2 (2006), 237–246. Thompson et al. (2023) John R Thompson, Jesse J Martinez, Alper Sarikaya, Edward Cutrell, and Bongshin Lee. 2023. Chart Reader: Accessible Visualization Experiences Designed with Screen Reader Users. In Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI ’23). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1145/3544548.3581186 Unicode ([n. d.]) Unicode. [n. d.]. Braille Patterns. https://unicode.org/charts/nameslist/c_2800.html Wasserman (1985) Anthony I. Wasserman. 1985. Extending state transition diagrams for the specification of human–computer interaction. IEEE transactions on Software Engineering 8 (1985), 699–713. White (2020) Jason J. G. White. 2020. The Accessibility of Mathematical Notation on the Web and Beyond. Journal of Science Education for Students with Disabilities 23, 1 (2020). Wickham (2010) Hadley Wickham. 2010. A Layered Grammar of Graphics. Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics 19, 1 (Jan. 2010), 3–28. https://doi.org/10.1198/jcgs.2009.07098 Wilkinson (2012) Leland Wilkinson. 2012. The Grammar of Graphics. In Handbook of Computational Statistics: Concepts and Methods, James E. Gentle, Wolfgang Karl Härdle, and Yuichi Mori (Eds.). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 375–414. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21551-3_13 Zhao et al. (2012) Kai Zhao et al. 2012. A Novel Braille Display Using the Vibration of SMA Wires and the Evaluation of Braille Presentations. Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering 7, 4 (2012), 416–425. https://doi.org/10.1299/jbse.7.416 Zong et al. (2022) Jonathan Zong, Crystal Lee, Alan Lundgard, JiWoong Jang, Daniel Hajas, and Arvind Satyanarayan. 2022. Rich Screen Reader Experiences for Accessible Data Visualization. Computer Graphics Forum (Proc. EuroVis) 41, 3 (2022), 15–27. John Sweller. 2010. Element Interactivity and Intrinsic, Extraneous, and Germane Cognitive Load. Educational Psychology Review 22, 2 (June 2010), 123–138. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-010-9128-5 Thomas (2006) David R Thomas. 2006. A general inductive approach for analyzing qualitative evaluation data. American journal of evaluation 27, 2 (2006), 237–246. Thompson et al. (2023) John R Thompson, Jesse J Martinez, Alper Sarikaya, Edward Cutrell, and Bongshin Lee. 2023. Chart Reader: Accessible Visualization Experiences Designed with Screen Reader Users. In Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI ’23). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1145/3544548.3581186 Unicode ([n. d.]) Unicode. [n. d.]. Braille Patterns. https://unicode.org/charts/nameslist/c_2800.html Wasserman (1985) Anthony I. Wasserman. 1985. Extending state transition diagrams for the specification of human–computer interaction. IEEE transactions on Software Engineering 8 (1985), 699–713. White (2020) Jason J. G. White. 2020. The Accessibility of Mathematical Notation on the Web and Beyond. Journal of Science Education for Students with Disabilities 23, 1 (2020). Wickham (2010) Hadley Wickham. 2010. A Layered Grammar of Graphics. Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics 19, 1 (Jan. 2010), 3–28. https://doi.org/10.1198/jcgs.2009.07098 Wilkinson (2012) Leland Wilkinson. 2012. The Grammar of Graphics. In Handbook of Computational Statistics: Concepts and Methods, James E. Gentle, Wolfgang Karl Härdle, and Yuichi Mori (Eds.). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 375–414. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21551-3_13 Zhao et al. (2012) Kai Zhao et al. 2012. A Novel Braille Display Using the Vibration of SMA Wires and the Evaluation of Braille Presentations. Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering 7, 4 (2012), 416–425. https://doi.org/10.1299/jbse.7.416 Zong et al. (2022) Jonathan Zong, Crystal Lee, Alan Lundgard, JiWoong Jang, Daniel Hajas, and Arvind Satyanarayan. 2022. Rich Screen Reader Experiences for Accessible Data Visualization. Computer Graphics Forum (Proc. EuroVis) 41, 3 (2022), 15–27. David R Thomas. 2006. A general inductive approach for analyzing qualitative evaluation data. American journal of evaluation 27, 2 (2006), 237–246. Thompson et al. (2023) John R Thompson, Jesse J Martinez, Alper Sarikaya, Edward Cutrell, and Bongshin Lee. 2023. Chart Reader: Accessible Visualization Experiences Designed with Screen Reader Users. In Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI ’23). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1145/3544548.3581186 Unicode ([n. d.]) Unicode. [n. d.]. Braille Patterns. https://unicode.org/charts/nameslist/c_2800.html Wasserman (1985) Anthony I. Wasserman. 1985. Extending state transition diagrams for the specification of human–computer interaction. IEEE transactions on Software Engineering 8 (1985), 699–713. White (2020) Jason J. G. White. 2020. The Accessibility of Mathematical Notation on the Web and Beyond. Journal of Science Education for Students with Disabilities 23, 1 (2020). Wickham (2010) Hadley Wickham. 2010. A Layered Grammar of Graphics. Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics 19, 1 (Jan. 2010), 3–28. https://doi.org/10.1198/jcgs.2009.07098 Wilkinson (2012) Leland Wilkinson. 2012. The Grammar of Graphics. In Handbook of Computational Statistics: Concepts and Methods, James E. Gentle, Wolfgang Karl Härdle, and Yuichi Mori (Eds.). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 375–414. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21551-3_13 Zhao et al. (2012) Kai Zhao et al. 2012. A Novel Braille Display Using the Vibration of SMA Wires and the Evaluation of Braille Presentations. Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering 7, 4 (2012), 416–425. https://doi.org/10.1299/jbse.7.416 Zong et al. (2022) Jonathan Zong, Crystal Lee, Alan Lundgard, JiWoong Jang, Daniel Hajas, and Arvind Satyanarayan. 2022. Rich Screen Reader Experiences for Accessible Data Visualization. Computer Graphics Forum (Proc. EuroVis) 41, 3 (2022), 15–27. John R Thompson, Jesse J Martinez, Alper Sarikaya, Edward Cutrell, and Bongshin Lee. 2023. Chart Reader: Accessible Visualization Experiences Designed with Screen Reader Users. In Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI ’23). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1145/3544548.3581186 Unicode ([n. d.]) Unicode. [n. d.]. Braille Patterns. https://unicode.org/charts/nameslist/c_2800.html Wasserman (1985) Anthony I. Wasserman. 1985. Extending state transition diagrams for the specification of human–computer interaction. IEEE transactions on Software Engineering 8 (1985), 699–713. White (2020) Jason J. G. White. 2020. The Accessibility of Mathematical Notation on the Web and Beyond. Journal of Science Education for Students with Disabilities 23, 1 (2020). Wickham (2010) Hadley Wickham. 2010. A Layered Grammar of Graphics. Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics 19, 1 (Jan. 2010), 3–28. https://doi.org/10.1198/jcgs.2009.07098 Wilkinson (2012) Leland Wilkinson. 2012. The Grammar of Graphics. In Handbook of Computational Statistics: Concepts and Methods, James E. Gentle, Wolfgang Karl Härdle, and Yuichi Mori (Eds.). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 375–414. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21551-3_13 Zhao et al. (2012) Kai Zhao et al. 2012. A Novel Braille Display Using the Vibration of SMA Wires and the Evaluation of Braille Presentations. Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering 7, 4 (2012), 416–425. https://doi.org/10.1299/jbse.7.416 Zong et al. (2022) Jonathan Zong, Crystal Lee, Alan Lundgard, JiWoong Jang, Daniel Hajas, and Arvind Satyanarayan. 2022. Rich Screen Reader Experiences for Accessible Data Visualization. Computer Graphics Forum (Proc. EuroVis) 41, 3 (2022), 15–27. Unicode. [n. d.]. Braille Patterns. https://unicode.org/charts/nameslist/c_2800.html Wasserman (1985) Anthony I. Wasserman. 1985. Extending state transition diagrams for the specification of human–computer interaction. IEEE transactions on Software Engineering 8 (1985), 699–713. White (2020) Jason J. G. White. 2020. The Accessibility of Mathematical Notation on the Web and Beyond. Journal of Science Education for Students with Disabilities 23, 1 (2020). Wickham (2010) Hadley Wickham. 2010. A Layered Grammar of Graphics. Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics 19, 1 (Jan. 2010), 3–28. https://doi.org/10.1198/jcgs.2009.07098 Wilkinson (2012) Leland Wilkinson. 2012. The Grammar of Graphics. In Handbook of Computational Statistics: Concepts and Methods, James E. Gentle, Wolfgang Karl Härdle, and Yuichi Mori (Eds.). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 375–414. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21551-3_13 Zhao et al. (2012) Kai Zhao et al. 2012. A Novel Braille Display Using the Vibration of SMA Wires and the Evaluation of Braille Presentations. Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering 7, 4 (2012), 416–425. https://doi.org/10.1299/jbse.7.416 Zong et al. (2022) Jonathan Zong, Crystal Lee, Alan Lundgard, JiWoong Jang, Daniel Hajas, and Arvind Satyanarayan. 2022. Rich Screen Reader Experiences for Accessible Data Visualization. Computer Graphics Forum (Proc. EuroVis) 41, 3 (2022), 15–27. Anthony I. Wasserman. 1985. Extending state transition diagrams for the specification of human–computer interaction. IEEE transactions on Software Engineering 8 (1985), 699–713. White (2020) Jason J. G. White. 2020. The Accessibility of Mathematical Notation on the Web and Beyond. Journal of Science Education for Students with Disabilities 23, 1 (2020). Wickham (2010) Hadley Wickham. 2010. A Layered Grammar of Graphics. Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics 19, 1 (Jan. 2010), 3–28. https://doi.org/10.1198/jcgs.2009.07098 Wilkinson (2012) Leland Wilkinson. 2012. The Grammar of Graphics. In Handbook of Computational Statistics: Concepts and Methods, James E. Gentle, Wolfgang Karl Härdle, and Yuichi Mori (Eds.). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 375–414. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21551-3_13 Zhao et al. (2012) Kai Zhao et al. 2012. A Novel Braille Display Using the Vibration of SMA Wires and the Evaluation of Braille Presentations. Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering 7, 4 (2012), 416–425. https://doi.org/10.1299/jbse.7.416 Zong et al. (2022) Jonathan Zong, Crystal Lee, Alan Lundgard, JiWoong Jang, Daniel Hajas, and Arvind Satyanarayan. 2022. Rich Screen Reader Experiences for Accessible Data Visualization. Computer Graphics Forum (Proc. EuroVis) 41, 3 (2022), 15–27. Jason J. G. White. 2020. The Accessibility of Mathematical Notation on the Web and Beyond. Journal of Science Education for Students with Disabilities 23, 1 (2020). Wickham (2010) Hadley Wickham. 2010. A Layered Grammar of Graphics. Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics 19, 1 (Jan. 2010), 3–28. https://doi.org/10.1198/jcgs.2009.07098 Wilkinson (2012) Leland Wilkinson. 2012. The Grammar of Graphics. In Handbook of Computational Statistics: Concepts and Methods, James E. Gentle, Wolfgang Karl Härdle, and Yuichi Mori (Eds.). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 375–414. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21551-3_13 Zhao et al. (2012) Kai Zhao et al. 2012. A Novel Braille Display Using the Vibration of SMA Wires and the Evaluation of Braille Presentations. Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering 7, 4 (2012), 416–425. https://doi.org/10.1299/jbse.7.416 Zong et al. (2022) Jonathan Zong, Crystal Lee, Alan Lundgard, JiWoong Jang, Daniel Hajas, and Arvind Satyanarayan. 2022. Rich Screen Reader Experiences for Accessible Data Visualization. Computer Graphics Forum (Proc. EuroVis) 41, 3 (2022), 15–27. Hadley Wickham. 2010. A Layered Grammar of Graphics. Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics 19, 1 (Jan. 2010), 3–28. https://doi.org/10.1198/jcgs.2009.07098 Wilkinson (2012) Leland Wilkinson. 2012. The Grammar of Graphics. In Handbook of Computational Statistics: Concepts and Methods, James E. Gentle, Wolfgang Karl Härdle, and Yuichi Mori (Eds.). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 375–414. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21551-3_13 Zhao et al. (2012) Kai Zhao et al. 2012. A Novel Braille Display Using the Vibration of SMA Wires and the Evaluation of Braille Presentations. Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering 7, 4 (2012), 416–425. https://doi.org/10.1299/jbse.7.416 Zong et al. (2022) Jonathan Zong, Crystal Lee, Alan Lundgard, JiWoong Jang, Daniel Hajas, and Arvind Satyanarayan. 2022. Rich Screen Reader Experiences for Accessible Data Visualization. Computer Graphics Forum (Proc. EuroVis) 41, 3 (2022), 15–27. Leland Wilkinson. 2012. The Grammar of Graphics. In Handbook of Computational Statistics: Concepts and Methods, James E. Gentle, Wolfgang Karl Härdle, and Yuichi Mori (Eds.). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 375–414. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21551-3_13 Zhao et al. 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A general inductive approach for analyzing qualitative evaluation data. American journal of evaluation 27, 2 (2006), 237–246. Thompson et al. (2023) John R Thompson, Jesse J Martinez, Alper Sarikaya, Edward Cutrell, and Bongshin Lee. 2023. Chart Reader: Accessible Visualization Experiences Designed with Screen Reader Users. In Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI ’23). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1145/3544548.3581186 Unicode ([n. d.]) Unicode. [n. d.]. Braille Patterns. https://unicode.org/charts/nameslist/c_2800.html Wasserman (1985) Anthony I. Wasserman. 1985. Extending state transition diagrams for the specification of human–computer interaction. IEEE transactions on Software Engineering 8 (1985), 699–713. White (2020) Jason J. G. White. 2020. The Accessibility of Mathematical Notation on the Web and Beyond. Journal of Science Education for Students with Disabilities 23, 1 (2020). 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Arjun Srinivasan, Tim Harshbarger, Darrell Hilliker, and Jennifer Mankoff. 2023. Azimuth: Designing Accessible Dashboards for Screen Reader Users. In Proceedings of the 25th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS ’23). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1145/3597638.3608405 Summers et al. (2014) II Claude Edward Summers, Robert E. Allison JR, Julianna Elizabeth Langston, and Jennifer Antonia Cowley. 2014. Accessible Data Visualizations for Visually Impaired Users. Summers et al. (2019) II Claude Edward Summers, Julianna Elizabeth Langston, Jesse Daniel Sookne, Jesse Benjamin Olley, Kerry Leanne Smith Trout, Cleester Daniel Heath IV, Samuel Edward Kalat, and Paul William Layne. 2019. Converting Graphical Data-Visualizations into Sonified Output. Summers et al. (2022) II Claude Edward Summers, Sean Patrick Mealin, Julianna Elizabeth Langston, Gregory David Kraus, Jonathan Tyler Williamson, Lisa Beth Morton Robinson, Jesse Daniel Sookne, and Brice Joseph Smith. 2022. User Interfaces for Converting Geospatial Data into Audio Outputs. Sweller (1988) John Sweller. 1988. Cognitive Load during Problem Solving: Effects on Learning. Cognitive Science 12, 2 (April 1988), 257–285. https://doi.org/10.1016/0364-0213(88)90023-7 Sweller (2010) John Sweller. 2010. Element Interactivity and Intrinsic, Extraneous, and Germane Cognitive Load. Educational Psychology Review 22, 2 (June 2010), 123–138. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-010-9128-5 Thomas (2006) David R Thomas. 2006. A general inductive approach for analyzing qualitative evaluation data. American journal of evaluation 27, 2 (2006), 237–246. Thompson et al. (2023) John R Thompson, Jesse J Martinez, Alper Sarikaya, Edward Cutrell, and Bongshin Lee. 2023. Chart Reader: Accessible Visualization Experiences Designed with Screen Reader Users. In Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI ’23). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1145/3544548.3581186 Unicode ([n. d.]) Unicode. [n. d.]. Braille Patterns. https://unicode.org/charts/nameslist/c_2800.html Wasserman (1985) Anthony I. Wasserman. 1985. Extending state transition diagrams for the specification of human–computer interaction. IEEE transactions on Software Engineering 8 (1985), 699–713. White (2020) Jason J. G. White. 2020. The Accessibility of Mathematical Notation on the Web and Beyond. Journal of Science Education for Students with Disabilities 23, 1 (2020). Wickham (2010) Hadley Wickham. 2010. A Layered Grammar of Graphics. Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics 19, 1 (Jan. 2010), 3–28. https://doi.org/10.1198/jcgs.2009.07098 Wilkinson (2012) Leland Wilkinson. 2012. The Grammar of Graphics. In Handbook of Computational Statistics: Concepts and Methods, James E. Gentle, Wolfgang Karl Härdle, and Yuichi Mori (Eds.). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 375–414. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21551-3_13 Zhao et al. (2012) Kai Zhao et al. 2012. A Novel Braille Display Using the Vibration of SMA Wires and the Evaluation of Braille Presentations. Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering 7, 4 (2012), 416–425. https://doi.org/10.1299/jbse.7.416 Zong et al. (2022) Jonathan Zong, Crystal Lee, Alan Lundgard, JiWoong Jang, Daniel Hajas, and Arvind Satyanarayan. 2022. Rich Screen Reader Experiences for Accessible Data Visualization. Computer Graphics Forum (Proc. EuroVis) 41, 3 (2022), 15–27. II Claude Edward Summers, Robert E. Allison JR, Julianna Elizabeth Langston, and Jennifer Antonia Cowley. 2014. Accessible Data Visualizations for Visually Impaired Users. Summers et al. (2019) II Claude Edward Summers, Julianna Elizabeth Langston, Jesse Daniel Sookne, Jesse Benjamin Olley, Kerry Leanne Smith Trout, Cleester Daniel Heath IV, Samuel Edward Kalat, and Paul William Layne. 2019. Converting Graphical Data-Visualizations into Sonified Output. Summers et al. (2022) II Claude Edward Summers, Sean Patrick Mealin, Julianna Elizabeth Langston, Gregory David Kraus, Jonathan Tyler Williamson, Lisa Beth Morton Robinson, Jesse Daniel Sookne, and Brice Joseph Smith. 2022. User Interfaces for Converting Geospatial Data into Audio Outputs. Sweller (1988) John Sweller. 1988. Cognitive Load during Problem Solving: Effects on Learning. Cognitive Science 12, 2 (April 1988), 257–285. https://doi.org/10.1016/0364-0213(88)90023-7 Sweller (2010) John Sweller. 2010. Element Interactivity and Intrinsic, Extraneous, and Germane Cognitive Load. Educational Psychology Review 22, 2 (June 2010), 123–138. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-010-9128-5 Thomas (2006) David R Thomas. 2006. A general inductive approach for analyzing qualitative evaluation data. American journal of evaluation 27, 2 (2006), 237–246. Thompson et al. (2023) John R Thompson, Jesse J Martinez, Alper Sarikaya, Edward Cutrell, and Bongshin Lee. 2023. Chart Reader: Accessible Visualization Experiences Designed with Screen Reader Users. In Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI ’23). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1145/3544548.3581186 Unicode ([n. d.]) Unicode. [n. d.]. Braille Patterns. https://unicode.org/charts/nameslist/c_2800.html Wasserman (1985) Anthony I. Wasserman. 1985. Extending state transition diagrams for the specification of human–computer interaction. IEEE transactions on Software Engineering 8 (1985), 699–713. White (2020) Jason J. G. White. 2020. The Accessibility of Mathematical Notation on the Web and Beyond. Journal of Science Education for Students with Disabilities 23, 1 (2020). Wickham (2010) Hadley Wickham. 2010. A Layered Grammar of Graphics. Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics 19, 1 (Jan. 2010), 3–28. https://doi.org/10.1198/jcgs.2009.07098 Wilkinson (2012) Leland Wilkinson. 2012. The Grammar of Graphics. In Handbook of Computational Statistics: Concepts and Methods, James E. Gentle, Wolfgang Karl Härdle, and Yuichi Mori (Eds.). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 375–414. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21551-3_13 Zhao et al. (2012) Kai Zhao et al. 2012. A Novel Braille Display Using the Vibration of SMA Wires and the Evaluation of Braille Presentations. Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering 7, 4 (2012), 416–425. https://doi.org/10.1299/jbse.7.416 Zong et al. (2022) Jonathan Zong, Crystal Lee, Alan Lundgard, JiWoong Jang, Daniel Hajas, and Arvind Satyanarayan. 2022. Rich Screen Reader Experiences for Accessible Data Visualization. Computer Graphics Forum (Proc. EuroVis) 41, 3 (2022), 15–27. II Claude Edward Summers, Julianna Elizabeth Langston, Jesse Daniel Sookne, Jesse Benjamin Olley, Kerry Leanne Smith Trout, Cleester Daniel Heath IV, Samuel Edward Kalat, and Paul William Layne. 2019. Converting Graphical Data-Visualizations into Sonified Output. Summers et al. (2022) II Claude Edward Summers, Sean Patrick Mealin, Julianna Elizabeth Langston, Gregory David Kraus, Jonathan Tyler Williamson, Lisa Beth Morton Robinson, Jesse Daniel Sookne, and Brice Joseph Smith. 2022. User Interfaces for Converting Geospatial Data into Audio Outputs. Sweller (1988) John Sweller. 1988. Cognitive Load during Problem Solving: Effects on Learning. Cognitive Science 12, 2 (April 1988), 257–285. https://doi.org/10.1016/0364-0213(88)90023-7 Sweller (2010) John Sweller. 2010. Element Interactivity and Intrinsic, Extraneous, and Germane Cognitive Load. Educational Psychology Review 22, 2 (June 2010), 123–138. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-010-9128-5 Thomas (2006) David R Thomas. 2006. A general inductive approach for analyzing qualitative evaluation data. American journal of evaluation 27, 2 (2006), 237–246. Thompson et al. (2023) John R Thompson, Jesse J Martinez, Alper Sarikaya, Edward Cutrell, and Bongshin Lee. 2023. Chart Reader: Accessible Visualization Experiences Designed with Screen Reader Users. In Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI ’23). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1145/3544548.3581186 Unicode ([n. d.]) Unicode. [n. d.]. Braille Patterns. https://unicode.org/charts/nameslist/c_2800.html Wasserman (1985) Anthony I. Wasserman. 1985. Extending state transition diagrams for the specification of human–computer interaction. IEEE transactions on Software Engineering 8 (1985), 699–713. White (2020) Jason J. G. White. 2020. The Accessibility of Mathematical Notation on the Web and Beyond. Journal of Science Education for Students with Disabilities 23, 1 (2020). Wickham (2010) Hadley Wickham. 2010. A Layered Grammar of Graphics. Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics 19, 1 (Jan. 2010), 3–28. https://doi.org/10.1198/jcgs.2009.07098 Wilkinson (2012) Leland Wilkinson. 2012. The Grammar of Graphics. In Handbook of Computational Statistics: Concepts and Methods, James E. Gentle, Wolfgang Karl Härdle, and Yuichi Mori (Eds.). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 375–414. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21551-3_13 Zhao et al. (2012) Kai Zhao et al. 2012. A Novel Braille Display Using the Vibration of SMA Wires and the Evaluation of Braille Presentations. Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering 7, 4 (2012), 416–425. https://doi.org/10.1299/jbse.7.416 Zong et al. (2022) Jonathan Zong, Crystal Lee, Alan Lundgard, JiWoong Jang, Daniel Hajas, and Arvind Satyanarayan. 2022. Rich Screen Reader Experiences for Accessible Data Visualization. Computer Graphics Forum (Proc. EuroVis) 41, 3 (2022), 15–27. II Claude Edward Summers, Sean Patrick Mealin, Julianna Elizabeth Langston, Gregory David Kraus, Jonathan Tyler Williamson, Lisa Beth Morton Robinson, Jesse Daniel Sookne, and Brice Joseph Smith. 2022. User Interfaces for Converting Geospatial Data into Audio Outputs. Sweller (1988) John Sweller. 1988. Cognitive Load during Problem Solving: Effects on Learning. Cognitive Science 12, 2 (April 1988), 257–285. https://doi.org/10.1016/0364-0213(88)90023-7 Sweller (2010) John Sweller. 2010. Element Interactivity and Intrinsic, Extraneous, and Germane Cognitive Load. Educational Psychology Review 22, 2 (June 2010), 123–138. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-010-9128-5 Thomas (2006) David R Thomas. 2006. A general inductive approach for analyzing qualitative evaluation data. American journal of evaluation 27, 2 (2006), 237–246. Thompson et al. (2023) John R Thompson, Jesse J Martinez, Alper Sarikaya, Edward Cutrell, and Bongshin Lee. 2023. Chart Reader: Accessible Visualization Experiences Designed with Screen Reader Users. In Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI ’23). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1145/3544548.3581186 Unicode ([n. d.]) Unicode. [n. d.]. Braille Patterns. https://unicode.org/charts/nameslist/c_2800.html Wasserman (1985) Anthony I. Wasserman. 1985. Extending state transition diagrams for the specification of human–computer interaction. IEEE transactions on Software Engineering 8 (1985), 699–713. White (2020) Jason J. G. White. 2020. The Accessibility of Mathematical Notation on the Web and Beyond. Journal of Science Education for Students with Disabilities 23, 1 (2020). Wickham (2010) Hadley Wickham. 2010. A Layered Grammar of Graphics. Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics 19, 1 (Jan. 2010), 3–28. https://doi.org/10.1198/jcgs.2009.07098 Wilkinson (2012) Leland Wilkinson. 2012. The Grammar of Graphics. In Handbook of Computational Statistics: Concepts and Methods, James E. Gentle, Wolfgang Karl Härdle, and Yuichi Mori (Eds.). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 375–414. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21551-3_13 Zhao et al. (2012) Kai Zhao et al. 2012. A Novel Braille Display Using the Vibration of SMA Wires and the Evaluation of Braille Presentations. Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering 7, 4 (2012), 416–425. https://doi.org/10.1299/jbse.7.416 Zong et al. (2022) Jonathan Zong, Crystal Lee, Alan Lundgard, JiWoong Jang, Daniel Hajas, and Arvind Satyanarayan. 2022. Rich Screen Reader Experiences for Accessible Data Visualization. Computer Graphics Forum (Proc. EuroVis) 41, 3 (2022), 15–27. John Sweller. 1988. Cognitive Load during Problem Solving: Effects on Learning. Cognitive Science 12, 2 (April 1988), 257–285. https://doi.org/10.1016/0364-0213(88)90023-7 Sweller (2010) John Sweller. 2010. Element Interactivity and Intrinsic, Extraneous, and Germane Cognitive Load. Educational Psychology Review 22, 2 (June 2010), 123–138. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-010-9128-5 Thomas (2006) David R Thomas. 2006. A general inductive approach for analyzing qualitative evaluation data. American journal of evaluation 27, 2 (2006), 237–246. Thompson et al. (2023) John R Thompson, Jesse J Martinez, Alper Sarikaya, Edward Cutrell, and Bongshin Lee. 2023. Chart Reader: Accessible Visualization Experiences Designed with Screen Reader Users. In Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI ’23). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1145/3544548.3581186 Unicode ([n. d.]) Unicode. [n. d.]. Braille Patterns. https://unicode.org/charts/nameslist/c_2800.html Wasserman (1985) Anthony I. Wasserman. 1985. Extending state transition diagrams for the specification of human–computer interaction. IEEE transactions on Software Engineering 8 (1985), 699–713. White (2020) Jason J. G. White. 2020. The Accessibility of Mathematical Notation on the Web and Beyond. Journal of Science Education for Students with Disabilities 23, 1 (2020). Wickham (2010) Hadley Wickham. 2010. A Layered Grammar of Graphics. Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics 19, 1 (Jan. 2010), 3–28. https://doi.org/10.1198/jcgs.2009.07098 Wilkinson (2012) Leland Wilkinson. 2012. The Grammar of Graphics. In Handbook of Computational Statistics: Concepts and Methods, James E. Gentle, Wolfgang Karl Härdle, and Yuichi Mori (Eds.). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 375–414. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21551-3_13 Zhao et al. (2012) Kai Zhao et al. 2012. A Novel Braille Display Using the Vibration of SMA Wires and the Evaluation of Braille Presentations. Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering 7, 4 (2012), 416–425. https://doi.org/10.1299/jbse.7.416 Zong et al. (2022) Jonathan Zong, Crystal Lee, Alan Lundgard, JiWoong Jang, Daniel Hajas, and Arvind Satyanarayan. 2022. Rich Screen Reader Experiences for Accessible Data Visualization. Computer Graphics Forum (Proc. EuroVis) 41, 3 (2022), 15–27. John Sweller. 2010. Element Interactivity and Intrinsic, Extraneous, and Germane Cognitive Load. Educational Psychology Review 22, 2 (June 2010), 123–138. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-010-9128-5 Thomas (2006) David R Thomas. 2006. A general inductive approach for analyzing qualitative evaluation data. American journal of evaluation 27, 2 (2006), 237–246. Thompson et al. (2023) John R Thompson, Jesse J Martinez, Alper Sarikaya, Edward Cutrell, and Bongshin Lee. 2023. Chart Reader: Accessible Visualization Experiences Designed with Screen Reader Users. In Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI ’23). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1145/3544548.3581186 Unicode ([n. d.]) Unicode. [n. d.]. Braille Patterns. https://unicode.org/charts/nameslist/c_2800.html Wasserman (1985) Anthony I. Wasserman. 1985. Extending state transition diagrams for the specification of human–computer interaction. IEEE transactions on Software Engineering 8 (1985), 699–713. White (2020) Jason J. G. White. 2020. The Accessibility of Mathematical Notation on the Web and Beyond. Journal of Science Education for Students with Disabilities 23, 1 (2020). Wickham (2010) Hadley Wickham. 2010. A Layered Grammar of Graphics. Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics 19, 1 (Jan. 2010), 3–28. https://doi.org/10.1198/jcgs.2009.07098 Wilkinson (2012) Leland Wilkinson. 2012. The Grammar of Graphics. In Handbook of Computational Statistics: Concepts and Methods, James E. Gentle, Wolfgang Karl Härdle, and Yuichi Mori (Eds.). 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Gentle, Wolfgang Karl Härdle, and Yuichi Mori (Eds.). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 375–414. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21551-3_13 Zhao et al. (2012) Kai Zhao et al. 2012. A Novel Braille Display Using the Vibration of SMA Wires and the Evaluation of Braille Presentations. Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering 7, 4 (2012), 416–425. https://doi.org/10.1299/jbse.7.416 Zong et al. (2022) Jonathan Zong, Crystal Lee, Alan Lundgard, JiWoong Jang, Daniel Hajas, and Arvind Satyanarayan. 2022. Rich Screen Reader Experiences for Accessible Data Visualization. Computer Graphics Forum (Proc. EuroVis) 41, 3 (2022), 15–27. John R Thompson, Jesse J Martinez, Alper Sarikaya, Edward Cutrell, and Bongshin Lee. 2023. Chart Reader: Accessible Visualization Experiences Designed with Screen Reader Users. In Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI ’23). 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Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 375–414. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21551-3_13 Zhao et al. (2012) Kai Zhao et al. 2012. A Novel Braille Display Using the Vibration of SMA Wires and the Evaluation of Braille Presentations. Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering 7, 4 (2012), 416–425. https://doi.org/10.1299/jbse.7.416 Zong et al. (2022) Jonathan Zong, Crystal Lee, Alan Lundgard, JiWoong Jang, Daniel Hajas, and Arvind Satyanarayan. 2022. Rich Screen Reader Experiences for Accessible Data Visualization. Computer Graphics Forum (Proc. EuroVis) 41, 3 (2022), 15–27. II Claude Edward Summers, Robert E. Allison JR, Julianna Elizabeth Langston, and Jennifer Antonia Cowley. 2014. Accessible Data Visualizations for Visually Impaired Users. Summers et al. (2019) II Claude Edward Summers, Julianna Elizabeth Langston, Jesse Daniel Sookne, Jesse Benjamin Olley, Kerry Leanne Smith Trout, Cleester Daniel Heath IV, Samuel Edward Kalat, and Paul William Layne. 2019. 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(2023) John R Thompson, Jesse J Martinez, Alper Sarikaya, Edward Cutrell, and Bongshin Lee. 2023. Chart Reader: Accessible Visualization Experiences Designed with Screen Reader Users. In Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI ’23). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1145/3544548.3581186 Unicode ([n. d.]) Unicode. [n. d.]. Braille Patterns. https://unicode.org/charts/nameslist/c_2800.html Wasserman (1985) Anthony I. Wasserman. 1985. Extending state transition diagrams for the specification of human–computer interaction. IEEE transactions on Software Engineering 8 (1985), 699–713. White (2020) Jason J. G. White. 2020. The Accessibility of Mathematical Notation on the Web and Beyond. Journal of Science Education for Students with Disabilities 23, 1 (2020). Wickham (2010) Hadley Wickham. 2010. A Layered Grammar of Graphics. Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics 19, 1 (Jan. 2010), 3–28. https://doi.org/10.1198/jcgs.2009.07098 Wilkinson (2012) Leland Wilkinson. 2012. The Grammar of Graphics. In Handbook of Computational Statistics: Concepts and Methods, James E. Gentle, Wolfgang Karl Härdle, and Yuichi Mori (Eds.). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 375–414. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21551-3_13 Zhao et al. (2012) Kai Zhao et al. 2012. A Novel Braille Display Using the Vibration of SMA Wires and the Evaluation of Braille Presentations. Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering 7, 4 (2012), 416–425. https://doi.org/10.1299/jbse.7.416 Zong et al. (2022) Jonathan Zong, Crystal Lee, Alan Lundgard, JiWoong Jang, Daniel Hajas, and Arvind Satyanarayan. 2022. Rich Screen Reader Experiences for Accessible Data Visualization. Computer Graphics Forum (Proc. EuroVis) 41, 3 (2022), 15–27. II Claude Edward Summers, Julianna Elizabeth Langston, Jesse Daniel Sookne, Jesse Benjamin Olley, Kerry Leanne Smith Trout, Cleester Daniel Heath IV, Samuel Edward Kalat, and Paul William Layne. 2019. Converting Graphical Data-Visualizations into Sonified Output. Summers et al. (2022) II Claude Edward Summers, Sean Patrick Mealin, Julianna Elizabeth Langston, Gregory David Kraus, Jonathan Tyler Williamson, Lisa Beth Morton Robinson, Jesse Daniel Sookne, and Brice Joseph Smith. 2022. User Interfaces for Converting Geospatial Data into Audio Outputs. Sweller (1988) John Sweller. 1988. Cognitive Load during Problem Solving: Effects on Learning. Cognitive Science 12, 2 (April 1988), 257–285. https://doi.org/10.1016/0364-0213(88)90023-7 Sweller (2010) John Sweller. 2010. Element Interactivity and Intrinsic, Extraneous, and Germane Cognitive Load. Educational Psychology Review 22, 2 (June 2010), 123–138. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-010-9128-5 Thomas (2006) David R Thomas. 2006. A general inductive approach for analyzing qualitative evaluation data. American journal of evaluation 27, 2 (2006), 237–246. Thompson et al. (2023) John R Thompson, Jesse J Martinez, Alper Sarikaya, Edward Cutrell, and Bongshin Lee. 2023. Chart Reader: Accessible Visualization Experiences Designed with Screen Reader Users. In Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI ’23). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1145/3544548.3581186 Unicode ([n. d.]) Unicode. [n. d.]. Braille Patterns. https://unicode.org/charts/nameslist/c_2800.html Wasserman (1985) Anthony I. Wasserman. 1985. Extending state transition diagrams for the specification of human–computer interaction. IEEE transactions on Software Engineering 8 (1985), 699–713. White (2020) Jason J. G. White. 2020. The Accessibility of Mathematical Notation on the Web and Beyond. Journal of Science Education for Students with Disabilities 23, 1 (2020). Wickham (2010) Hadley Wickham. 2010. A Layered Grammar of Graphics. Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics 19, 1 (Jan. 2010), 3–28. https://doi.org/10.1198/jcgs.2009.07098 Wilkinson (2012) Leland Wilkinson. 2012. The Grammar of Graphics. In Handbook of Computational Statistics: Concepts and Methods, James E. Gentle, Wolfgang Karl Härdle, and Yuichi Mori (Eds.). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 375–414. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21551-3_13 Zhao et al. (2012) Kai Zhao et al. 2012. A Novel Braille Display Using the Vibration of SMA Wires and the Evaluation of Braille Presentations. Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering 7, 4 (2012), 416–425. https://doi.org/10.1299/jbse.7.416 Zong et al. (2022) Jonathan Zong, Crystal Lee, Alan Lundgard, JiWoong Jang, Daniel Hajas, and Arvind Satyanarayan. 2022. Rich Screen Reader Experiences for Accessible Data Visualization. Computer Graphics Forum (Proc. EuroVis) 41, 3 (2022), 15–27. II Claude Edward Summers, Sean Patrick Mealin, Julianna Elizabeth Langston, Gregory David Kraus, Jonathan Tyler Williamson, Lisa Beth Morton Robinson, Jesse Daniel Sookne, and Brice Joseph Smith. 2022. User Interfaces for Converting Geospatial Data into Audio Outputs. Sweller (1988) John Sweller. 1988. Cognitive Load during Problem Solving: Effects on Learning. Cognitive Science 12, 2 (April 1988), 257–285. https://doi.org/10.1016/0364-0213(88)90023-7 Sweller (2010) John Sweller. 2010. Element Interactivity and Intrinsic, Extraneous, and Germane Cognitive Load. Educational Psychology Review 22, 2 (June 2010), 123–138. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-010-9128-5 Thomas (2006) David R Thomas. 2006. A general inductive approach for analyzing qualitative evaluation data. American journal of evaluation 27, 2 (2006), 237–246. Thompson et al. (2023) John R Thompson, Jesse J Martinez, Alper Sarikaya, Edward Cutrell, and Bongshin Lee. 2023. Chart Reader: Accessible Visualization Experiences Designed with Screen Reader Users. In Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI ’23). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1145/3544548.3581186 Unicode ([n. d.]) Unicode. [n. d.]. Braille Patterns. https://unicode.org/charts/nameslist/c_2800.html Wasserman (1985) Anthony I. Wasserman. 1985. Extending state transition diagrams for the specification of human–computer interaction. IEEE transactions on Software Engineering 8 (1985), 699–713. White (2020) Jason J. G. White. 2020. The Accessibility of Mathematical Notation on the Web and Beyond. Journal of Science Education for Students with Disabilities 23, 1 (2020). Wickham (2010) Hadley Wickham. 2010. A Layered Grammar of Graphics. Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics 19, 1 (Jan. 2010), 3–28. https://doi.org/10.1198/jcgs.2009.07098 Wilkinson (2012) Leland Wilkinson. 2012. The Grammar of Graphics. In Handbook of Computational Statistics: Concepts and Methods, James E. Gentle, Wolfgang Karl Härdle, and Yuichi Mori (Eds.). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 375–414. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21551-3_13 Zhao et al. (2012) Kai Zhao et al. 2012. A Novel Braille Display Using the Vibration of SMA Wires and the Evaluation of Braille Presentations. Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering 7, 4 (2012), 416–425. https://doi.org/10.1299/jbse.7.416 Zong et al. (2022) Jonathan Zong, Crystal Lee, Alan Lundgard, JiWoong Jang, Daniel Hajas, and Arvind Satyanarayan. 2022. Rich Screen Reader Experiences for Accessible Data Visualization. Computer Graphics Forum (Proc. EuroVis) 41, 3 (2022), 15–27. John Sweller. 1988. Cognitive Load during Problem Solving: Effects on Learning. Cognitive Science 12, 2 (April 1988), 257–285. https://doi.org/10.1016/0364-0213(88)90023-7 Sweller (2010) John Sweller. 2010. Element Interactivity and Intrinsic, Extraneous, and Germane Cognitive Load. Educational Psychology Review 22, 2 (June 2010), 123–138. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-010-9128-5 Thomas (2006) David R Thomas. 2006. A general inductive approach for analyzing qualitative evaluation data. American journal of evaluation 27, 2 (2006), 237–246. Thompson et al. (2023) John R Thompson, Jesse J Martinez, Alper Sarikaya, Edward Cutrell, and Bongshin Lee. 2023. Chart Reader: Accessible Visualization Experiences Designed with Screen Reader Users. In Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI ’23). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1145/3544548.3581186 Unicode ([n. d.]) Unicode. [n. d.]. Braille Patterns. https://unicode.org/charts/nameslist/c_2800.html Wasserman (1985) Anthony I. Wasserman. 1985. Extending state transition diagrams for the specification of human–computer interaction. IEEE transactions on Software Engineering 8 (1985), 699–713. White (2020) Jason J. G. White. 2020. The Accessibility of Mathematical Notation on the Web and Beyond. Journal of Science Education for Students with Disabilities 23, 1 (2020). Wickham (2010) Hadley Wickham. 2010. A Layered Grammar of Graphics. Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics 19, 1 (Jan. 2010), 3–28. https://doi.org/10.1198/jcgs.2009.07098 Wilkinson (2012) Leland Wilkinson. 2012. The Grammar of Graphics. In Handbook of Computational Statistics: Concepts and Methods, James E. Gentle, Wolfgang Karl Härdle, and Yuichi Mori (Eds.). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 375–414. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21551-3_13 Zhao et al. (2012) Kai Zhao et al. 2012. A Novel Braille Display Using the Vibration of SMA Wires and the Evaluation of Braille Presentations. Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering 7, 4 (2012), 416–425. https://doi.org/10.1299/jbse.7.416 Zong et al. (2022) Jonathan Zong, Crystal Lee, Alan Lundgard, JiWoong Jang, Daniel Hajas, and Arvind Satyanarayan. 2022. Rich Screen Reader Experiences for Accessible Data Visualization. Computer Graphics Forum (Proc. EuroVis) 41, 3 (2022), 15–27. John Sweller. 2010. Element Interactivity and Intrinsic, Extraneous, and Germane Cognitive Load. Educational Psychology Review 22, 2 (June 2010), 123–138. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-010-9128-5 Thomas (2006) David R Thomas. 2006. A general inductive approach for analyzing qualitative evaluation data. American journal of evaluation 27, 2 (2006), 237–246. Thompson et al. (2023) John R Thompson, Jesse J Martinez, Alper Sarikaya, Edward Cutrell, and Bongshin Lee. 2023. Chart Reader: Accessible Visualization Experiences Designed with Screen Reader Users. In Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI ’23). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1145/3544548.3581186 Unicode ([n. d.]) Unicode. [n. d.]. Braille Patterns. https://unicode.org/charts/nameslist/c_2800.html Wasserman (1985) Anthony I. Wasserman. 1985. Extending state transition diagrams for the specification of human–computer interaction. IEEE transactions on Software Engineering 8 (1985), 699–713. White (2020) Jason J. G. White. 2020. The Accessibility of Mathematical Notation on the Web and Beyond. Journal of Science Education for Students with Disabilities 23, 1 (2020). Wickham (2010) Hadley Wickham. 2010. A Layered Grammar of Graphics. Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics 19, 1 (Jan. 2010), 3–28. https://doi.org/10.1198/jcgs.2009.07098 Wilkinson (2012) Leland Wilkinson. 2012. The Grammar of Graphics. In Handbook of Computational Statistics: Concepts and Methods, James E. Gentle, Wolfgang Karl Härdle, and Yuichi Mori (Eds.). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 375–414. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21551-3_13 Zhao et al. (2012) Kai Zhao et al. 2012. A Novel Braille Display Using the Vibration of SMA Wires and the Evaluation of Braille Presentations. Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering 7, 4 (2012), 416–425. https://doi.org/10.1299/jbse.7.416 Zong et al. (2022) Jonathan Zong, Crystal Lee, Alan Lundgard, JiWoong Jang, Daniel Hajas, and Arvind Satyanarayan. 2022. Rich Screen Reader Experiences for Accessible Data Visualization. Computer Graphics Forum (Proc. EuroVis) 41, 3 (2022), 15–27. David R Thomas. 2006. A general inductive approach for analyzing qualitative evaluation data. American journal of evaluation 27, 2 (2006), 237–246. Thompson et al. (2023) John R Thompson, Jesse J Martinez, Alper Sarikaya, Edward Cutrell, and Bongshin Lee. 2023. Chart Reader: Accessible Visualization Experiences Designed with Screen Reader Users. In Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI ’23). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1145/3544548.3581186 Unicode ([n. d.]) Unicode. [n. d.]. Braille Patterns. https://unicode.org/charts/nameslist/c_2800.html Wasserman (1985) Anthony I. Wasserman. 1985. Extending state transition diagrams for the specification of human–computer interaction. IEEE transactions on Software Engineering 8 (1985), 699–713. White (2020) Jason J. G. White. 2020. The Accessibility of Mathematical Notation on the Web and Beyond. Journal of Science Education for Students with Disabilities 23, 1 (2020). Wickham (2010) Hadley Wickham. 2010. A Layered Grammar of Graphics. Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics 19, 1 (Jan. 2010), 3–28. https://doi.org/10.1198/jcgs.2009.07098 Wilkinson (2012) Leland Wilkinson. 2012. The Grammar of Graphics. In Handbook of Computational Statistics: Concepts and Methods, James E. Gentle, Wolfgang Karl Härdle, and Yuichi Mori (Eds.). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 375–414. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21551-3_13 Zhao et al. (2012) Kai Zhao et al. 2012. A Novel Braille Display Using the Vibration of SMA Wires and the Evaluation of Braille Presentations. Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering 7, 4 (2012), 416–425. https://doi.org/10.1299/jbse.7.416 Zong et al. (2022) Jonathan Zong, Crystal Lee, Alan Lundgard, JiWoong Jang, Daniel Hajas, and Arvind Satyanarayan. 2022. Rich Screen Reader Experiences for Accessible Data Visualization. Computer Graphics Forum (Proc. EuroVis) 41, 3 (2022), 15–27. John R Thompson, Jesse J Martinez, Alper Sarikaya, Edward Cutrell, and Bongshin Lee. 2023. Chart Reader: Accessible Visualization Experiences Designed with Screen Reader Users. In Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI ’23). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1145/3544548.3581186 Unicode ([n. d.]) Unicode. [n. d.]. Braille Patterns. https://unicode.org/charts/nameslist/c_2800.html Wasserman (1985) Anthony I. Wasserman. 1985. Extending state transition diagrams for the specification of human–computer interaction. IEEE transactions on Software Engineering 8 (1985), 699–713. White (2020) Jason J. G. White. 2020. The Accessibility of Mathematical Notation on the Web and Beyond. Journal of Science Education for Students with Disabilities 23, 1 (2020). Wickham (2010) Hadley Wickham. 2010. A Layered Grammar of Graphics. Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics 19, 1 (Jan. 2010), 3–28. https://doi.org/10.1198/jcgs.2009.07098 Wilkinson (2012) Leland Wilkinson. 2012. The Grammar of Graphics. In Handbook of Computational Statistics: Concepts and Methods, James E. Gentle, Wolfgang Karl Härdle, and Yuichi Mori (Eds.). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 375–414. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21551-3_13 Zhao et al. (2012) Kai Zhao et al. 2012. A Novel Braille Display Using the Vibration of SMA Wires and the Evaluation of Braille Presentations. Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering 7, 4 (2012), 416–425. https://doi.org/10.1299/jbse.7.416 Zong et al. (2022) Jonathan Zong, Crystal Lee, Alan Lundgard, JiWoong Jang, Daniel Hajas, and Arvind Satyanarayan. 2022. Rich Screen Reader Experiences for Accessible Data Visualization. Computer Graphics Forum (Proc. EuroVis) 41, 3 (2022), 15–27. Unicode. [n. d.]. Braille Patterns. https://unicode.org/charts/nameslist/c_2800.html Wasserman (1985) Anthony I. Wasserman. 1985. Extending state transition diagrams for the specification of human–computer interaction. IEEE transactions on Software Engineering 8 (1985), 699–713. White (2020) Jason J. G. White. 2020. The Accessibility of Mathematical Notation on the Web and Beyond. Journal of Science Education for Students with Disabilities 23, 1 (2020). Wickham (2010) Hadley Wickham. 2010. A Layered Grammar of Graphics. Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics 19, 1 (Jan. 2010), 3–28. https://doi.org/10.1198/jcgs.2009.07098 Wilkinson (2012) Leland Wilkinson. 2012. The Grammar of Graphics. In Handbook of Computational Statistics: Concepts and Methods, James E. Gentle, Wolfgang Karl Härdle, and Yuichi Mori (Eds.). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 375–414. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21551-3_13 Zhao et al. (2012) Kai Zhao et al. 2012. A Novel Braille Display Using the Vibration of SMA Wires and the Evaluation of Braille Presentations. Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering 7, 4 (2012), 416–425. https://doi.org/10.1299/jbse.7.416 Zong et al. (2022) Jonathan Zong, Crystal Lee, Alan Lundgard, JiWoong Jang, Daniel Hajas, and Arvind Satyanarayan. 2022. Rich Screen Reader Experiences for Accessible Data Visualization. Computer Graphics Forum (Proc. EuroVis) 41, 3 (2022), 15–27. Anthony I. Wasserman. 1985. Extending state transition diagrams for the specification of human–computer interaction. IEEE transactions on Software Engineering 8 (1985), 699–713. White (2020) Jason J. G. White. 2020. The Accessibility of Mathematical Notation on the Web and Beyond. Journal of Science Education for Students with Disabilities 23, 1 (2020). Wickham (2010) Hadley Wickham. 2010. A Layered Grammar of Graphics. Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics 19, 1 (Jan. 2010), 3–28. https://doi.org/10.1198/jcgs.2009.07098 Wilkinson (2012) Leland Wilkinson. 2012. The Grammar of Graphics. In Handbook of Computational Statistics: Concepts and Methods, James E. Gentle, Wolfgang Karl Härdle, and Yuichi Mori (Eds.). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 375–414. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21551-3_13 Zhao et al. (2012) Kai Zhao et al. 2012. A Novel Braille Display Using the Vibration of SMA Wires and the Evaluation of Braille Presentations. Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering 7, 4 (2012), 416–425. https://doi.org/10.1299/jbse.7.416 Zong et al. (2022) Jonathan Zong, Crystal Lee, Alan Lundgard, JiWoong Jang, Daniel Hajas, and Arvind Satyanarayan. 2022. Rich Screen Reader Experiences for Accessible Data Visualization. Computer Graphics Forum (Proc. EuroVis) 41, 3 (2022), 15–27. Jason J. G. White. 2020. The Accessibility of Mathematical Notation on the Web and Beyond. Journal of Science Education for Students with Disabilities 23, 1 (2020). Wickham (2010) Hadley Wickham. 2010. A Layered Grammar of Graphics. Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics 19, 1 (Jan. 2010), 3–28. https://doi.org/10.1198/jcgs.2009.07098 Wilkinson (2012) Leland Wilkinson. 2012. The Grammar of Graphics. In Handbook of Computational Statistics: Concepts and Methods, James E. Gentle, Wolfgang Karl Härdle, and Yuichi Mori (Eds.). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 375–414. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21551-3_13 Zhao et al. (2012) Kai Zhao et al. 2012. A Novel Braille Display Using the Vibration of SMA Wires and the Evaluation of Braille Presentations. Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering 7, 4 (2012), 416–425. https://doi.org/10.1299/jbse.7.416 Zong et al. (2022) Jonathan Zong, Crystal Lee, Alan Lundgard, JiWoong Jang, Daniel Hajas, and Arvind Satyanarayan. 2022. Rich Screen Reader Experiences for Accessible Data Visualization. Computer Graphics Forum (Proc. EuroVis) 41, 3 (2022), 15–27. Hadley Wickham. 2010. A Layered Grammar of Graphics. Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics 19, 1 (Jan. 2010), 3–28. https://doi.org/10.1198/jcgs.2009.07098 Wilkinson (2012) Leland Wilkinson. 2012. The Grammar of Graphics. In Handbook of Computational Statistics: Concepts and Methods, James E. Gentle, Wolfgang Karl Härdle, and Yuichi Mori (Eds.). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 375–414. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21551-3_13 Zhao et al. (2012) Kai Zhao et al. 2012. A Novel Braille Display Using the Vibration of SMA Wires and the Evaluation of Braille Presentations. Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering 7, 4 (2012), 416–425. https://doi.org/10.1299/jbse.7.416 Zong et al. (2022) Jonathan Zong, Crystal Lee, Alan Lundgard, JiWoong Jang, Daniel Hajas, and Arvind Satyanarayan. 2022. Rich Screen Reader Experiences for Accessible Data Visualization. Computer Graphics Forum (Proc. EuroVis) 41, 3 (2022), 15–27. Leland Wilkinson. 2012. The Grammar of Graphics. In Handbook of Computational Statistics: Concepts and Methods, James E. Gentle, Wolfgang Karl Härdle, and Yuichi Mori (Eds.). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 375–414. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21551-3_13 Zhao et al. (2012) Kai Zhao et al. 2012. A Novel Braille Display Using the Vibration of SMA Wires and the Evaluation of Braille Presentations. Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering 7, 4 (2012), 416–425. https://doi.org/10.1299/jbse.7.416 Zong et al. (2022) Jonathan Zong, Crystal Lee, Alan Lundgard, JiWoong Jang, Daniel Hajas, and Arvind Satyanarayan. 2022. Rich Screen Reader Experiences for Accessible Data Visualization. Computer Graphics Forum (Proc. EuroVis) 41, 3 (2022), 15–27. Kai Zhao et al. 2012. A Novel Braille Display Using the Vibration of SMA Wires and the Evaluation of Braille Presentations. Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering 7, 4 (2012), 416–425. https://doi.org/10.1299/jbse.7.416 Zong et al. (2022) Jonathan Zong, Crystal Lee, Alan Lundgard, JiWoong Jang, Daniel Hajas, and Arvind Satyanarayan. 2022. Rich Screen Reader Experiences for Accessible Data Visualization. Computer Graphics Forum (Proc. EuroVis) 41, 3 (2022), 15–27. Jonathan Zong, Crystal Lee, Alan Lundgard, JiWoong Jang, Daniel Hajas, and Arvind Satyanarayan. 2022. Rich Screen Reader Experiences for Accessible Data Visualization. Computer Graphics Forum (Proc. EuroVis) 41, 3 (2022), 15–27.
  53. Accessible Data Visualizations for Visually Impaired Users. Summers et al. (2019) II Claude Edward Summers, Julianna Elizabeth Langston, Jesse Daniel Sookne, Jesse Benjamin Olley, Kerry Leanne Smith Trout, Cleester Daniel Heath IV, Samuel Edward Kalat, and Paul William Layne. 2019. Converting Graphical Data-Visualizations into Sonified Output. Summers et al. (2022) II Claude Edward Summers, Sean Patrick Mealin, Julianna Elizabeth Langston, Gregory David Kraus, Jonathan Tyler Williamson, Lisa Beth Morton Robinson, Jesse Daniel Sookne, and Brice Joseph Smith. 2022. User Interfaces for Converting Geospatial Data into Audio Outputs. Sweller (1988) John Sweller. 1988. Cognitive Load during Problem Solving: Effects on Learning. Cognitive Science 12, 2 (April 1988), 257–285. https://doi.org/10.1016/0364-0213(88)90023-7 Sweller (2010) John Sweller. 2010. Element Interactivity and Intrinsic, Extraneous, and Germane Cognitive Load. Educational Psychology Review 22, 2 (June 2010), 123–138. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-010-9128-5 Thomas (2006) David R Thomas. 2006. A general inductive approach for analyzing qualitative evaluation data. American journal of evaluation 27, 2 (2006), 237–246. Thompson et al. (2023) John R Thompson, Jesse J Martinez, Alper Sarikaya, Edward Cutrell, and Bongshin Lee. 2023. Chart Reader: Accessible Visualization Experiences Designed with Screen Reader Users. In Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI ’23). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1145/3544548.3581186 Unicode ([n. d.]) Unicode. [n. d.]. Braille Patterns. https://unicode.org/charts/nameslist/c_2800.html Wasserman (1985) Anthony I. Wasserman. 1985. Extending state transition diagrams for the specification of human–computer interaction. IEEE transactions on Software Engineering 8 (1985), 699–713. White (2020) Jason J. G. White. 2020. The Accessibility of Mathematical Notation on the Web and Beyond. Journal of Science Education for Students with Disabilities 23, 1 (2020). Wickham (2010) Hadley Wickham. 2010. A Layered Grammar of Graphics. Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics 19, 1 (Jan. 2010), 3–28. https://doi.org/10.1198/jcgs.2009.07098 Wilkinson (2012) Leland Wilkinson. 2012. The Grammar of Graphics. In Handbook of Computational Statistics: Concepts and Methods, James E. Gentle, Wolfgang Karl Härdle, and Yuichi Mori (Eds.). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 375–414. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21551-3_13 Zhao et al. (2012) Kai Zhao et al. 2012. A Novel Braille Display Using the Vibration of SMA Wires and the Evaluation of Braille Presentations. Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering 7, 4 (2012), 416–425. https://doi.org/10.1299/jbse.7.416 Zong et al. (2022) Jonathan Zong, Crystal Lee, Alan Lundgard, JiWoong Jang, Daniel Hajas, and Arvind Satyanarayan. 2022. Rich Screen Reader Experiences for Accessible Data Visualization. Computer Graphics Forum (Proc. EuroVis) 41, 3 (2022), 15–27. II Claude Edward Summers, Julianna Elizabeth Langston, Jesse Daniel Sookne, Jesse Benjamin Olley, Kerry Leanne Smith Trout, Cleester Daniel Heath IV, Samuel Edward Kalat, and Paul William Layne. 2019. Converting Graphical Data-Visualizations into Sonified Output. Summers et al. (2022) II Claude Edward Summers, Sean Patrick Mealin, Julianna Elizabeth Langston, Gregory David Kraus, Jonathan Tyler Williamson, Lisa Beth Morton Robinson, Jesse Daniel Sookne, and Brice Joseph Smith. 2022. User Interfaces for Converting Geospatial Data into Audio Outputs. Sweller (1988) John Sweller. 1988. Cognitive Load during Problem Solving: Effects on Learning. Cognitive Science 12, 2 (April 1988), 257–285. https://doi.org/10.1016/0364-0213(88)90023-7 Sweller (2010) John Sweller. 2010. Element Interactivity and Intrinsic, Extraneous, and Germane Cognitive Load. Educational Psychology Review 22, 2 (June 2010), 123–138. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-010-9128-5 Thomas (2006) David R Thomas. 2006. A general inductive approach for analyzing qualitative evaluation data. American journal of evaluation 27, 2 (2006), 237–246. Thompson et al. (2023) John R Thompson, Jesse J Martinez, Alper Sarikaya, Edward Cutrell, and Bongshin Lee. 2023. Chart Reader: Accessible Visualization Experiences Designed with Screen Reader Users. In Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI ’23). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1145/3544548.3581186 Unicode ([n. d.]) Unicode. [n. d.]. Braille Patterns. https://unicode.org/charts/nameslist/c_2800.html Wasserman (1985) Anthony I. Wasserman. 1985. Extending state transition diagrams for the specification of human–computer interaction. IEEE transactions on Software Engineering 8 (1985), 699–713. White (2020) Jason J. G. White. 2020. The Accessibility of Mathematical Notation on the Web and Beyond. Journal of Science Education for Students with Disabilities 23, 1 (2020). Wickham (2010) Hadley Wickham. 2010. A Layered Grammar of Graphics. Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics 19, 1 (Jan. 2010), 3–28. https://doi.org/10.1198/jcgs.2009.07098 Wilkinson (2012) Leland Wilkinson. 2012. The Grammar of Graphics. In Handbook of Computational Statistics: Concepts and Methods, James E. Gentle, Wolfgang Karl Härdle, and Yuichi Mori (Eds.). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 375–414. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21551-3_13 Zhao et al. (2012) Kai Zhao et al. 2012. A Novel Braille Display Using the Vibration of SMA Wires and the Evaluation of Braille Presentations. Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering 7, 4 (2012), 416–425. https://doi.org/10.1299/jbse.7.416 Zong et al. (2022) Jonathan Zong, Crystal Lee, Alan Lundgard, JiWoong Jang, Daniel Hajas, and Arvind Satyanarayan. 2022. Rich Screen Reader Experiences for Accessible Data Visualization. Computer Graphics Forum (Proc. EuroVis) 41, 3 (2022), 15–27. II Claude Edward Summers, Sean Patrick Mealin, Julianna Elizabeth Langston, Gregory David Kraus, Jonathan Tyler Williamson, Lisa Beth Morton Robinson, Jesse Daniel Sookne, and Brice Joseph Smith. 2022. User Interfaces for Converting Geospatial Data into Audio Outputs. Sweller (1988) John Sweller. 1988. Cognitive Load during Problem Solving: Effects on Learning. Cognitive Science 12, 2 (April 1988), 257–285. https://doi.org/10.1016/0364-0213(88)90023-7 Sweller (2010) John Sweller. 2010. Element Interactivity and Intrinsic, Extraneous, and Germane Cognitive Load. Educational Psychology Review 22, 2 (June 2010), 123–138. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-010-9128-5 Thomas (2006) David R Thomas. 2006. A general inductive approach for analyzing qualitative evaluation data. American journal of evaluation 27, 2 (2006), 237–246. Thompson et al. (2023) John R Thompson, Jesse J Martinez, Alper Sarikaya, Edward Cutrell, and Bongshin Lee. 2023. Chart Reader: Accessible Visualization Experiences Designed with Screen Reader Users. In Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI ’23). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1145/3544548.3581186 Unicode ([n. d.]) Unicode. [n. d.]. Braille Patterns. https://unicode.org/charts/nameslist/c_2800.html Wasserman (1985) Anthony I. Wasserman. 1985. Extending state transition diagrams for the specification of human–computer interaction. IEEE transactions on Software Engineering 8 (1985), 699–713. White (2020) Jason J. G. White. 2020. The Accessibility of Mathematical Notation on the Web and Beyond. Journal of Science Education for Students with Disabilities 23, 1 (2020). Wickham (2010) Hadley Wickham. 2010. A Layered Grammar of Graphics. Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics 19, 1 (Jan. 2010), 3–28. https://doi.org/10.1198/jcgs.2009.07098 Wilkinson (2012) Leland Wilkinson. 2012. The Grammar of Graphics. In Handbook of Computational Statistics: Concepts and Methods, James E. Gentle, Wolfgang Karl Härdle, and Yuichi Mori (Eds.). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 375–414. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21551-3_13 Zhao et al. (2012) Kai Zhao et al. 2012. A Novel Braille Display Using the Vibration of SMA Wires and the Evaluation of Braille Presentations. Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering 7, 4 (2012), 416–425. https://doi.org/10.1299/jbse.7.416 Zong et al. (2022) Jonathan Zong, Crystal Lee, Alan Lundgard, JiWoong Jang, Daniel Hajas, and Arvind Satyanarayan. 2022. Rich Screen Reader Experiences for Accessible Data Visualization. Computer Graphics Forum (Proc. EuroVis) 41, 3 (2022), 15–27. John Sweller. 1988. Cognitive Load during Problem Solving: Effects on Learning. Cognitive Science 12, 2 (April 1988), 257–285. https://doi.org/10.1016/0364-0213(88)90023-7 Sweller (2010) John Sweller. 2010. Element Interactivity and Intrinsic, Extraneous, and Germane Cognitive Load. Educational Psychology Review 22, 2 (June 2010), 123–138. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-010-9128-5 Thomas (2006) David R Thomas. 2006. A general inductive approach for analyzing qualitative evaluation data. American journal of evaluation 27, 2 (2006), 237–246. Thompson et al. (2023) John R Thompson, Jesse J Martinez, Alper Sarikaya, Edward Cutrell, and Bongshin Lee. 2023. Chart Reader: Accessible Visualization Experiences Designed with Screen Reader Users. In Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI ’23). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1145/3544548.3581186 Unicode ([n. d.]) Unicode. [n. d.]. Braille Patterns. https://unicode.org/charts/nameslist/c_2800.html Wasserman (1985) Anthony I. Wasserman. 1985. Extending state transition diagrams for the specification of human–computer interaction. IEEE transactions on Software Engineering 8 (1985), 699–713. White (2020) Jason J. G. White. 2020. The Accessibility of Mathematical Notation on the Web and Beyond. Journal of Science Education for Students with Disabilities 23, 1 (2020). Wickham (2010) Hadley Wickham. 2010. A Layered Grammar of Graphics. Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics 19, 1 (Jan. 2010), 3–28. https://doi.org/10.1198/jcgs.2009.07098 Wilkinson (2012) Leland Wilkinson. 2012. The Grammar of Graphics. In Handbook of Computational Statistics: Concepts and Methods, James E. Gentle, Wolfgang Karl Härdle, and Yuichi Mori (Eds.). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 375–414. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21551-3_13 Zhao et al. (2012) Kai Zhao et al. 2012. A Novel Braille Display Using the Vibration of SMA Wires and the Evaluation of Braille Presentations. Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering 7, 4 (2012), 416–425. https://doi.org/10.1299/jbse.7.416 Zong et al. (2022) Jonathan Zong, Crystal Lee, Alan Lundgard, JiWoong Jang, Daniel Hajas, and Arvind Satyanarayan. 2022. Rich Screen Reader Experiences for Accessible Data Visualization. Computer Graphics Forum (Proc. EuroVis) 41, 3 (2022), 15–27. John Sweller. 2010. Element Interactivity and Intrinsic, Extraneous, and Germane Cognitive Load. Educational Psychology Review 22, 2 (June 2010), 123–138. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-010-9128-5 Thomas (2006) David R Thomas. 2006. A general inductive approach for analyzing qualitative evaluation data. American journal of evaluation 27, 2 (2006), 237–246. Thompson et al. (2023) John R Thompson, Jesse J Martinez, Alper Sarikaya, Edward Cutrell, and Bongshin Lee. 2023. Chart Reader: Accessible Visualization Experiences Designed with Screen Reader Users. In Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI ’23). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1145/3544548.3581186 Unicode ([n. d.]) Unicode. [n. d.]. Braille Patterns. https://unicode.org/charts/nameslist/c_2800.html Wasserman (1985) Anthony I. Wasserman. 1985. Extending state transition diagrams for the specification of human–computer interaction. IEEE transactions on Software Engineering 8 (1985), 699–713. White (2020) Jason J. G. White. 2020. The Accessibility of Mathematical Notation on the Web and Beyond. Journal of Science Education for Students with Disabilities 23, 1 (2020). Wickham (2010) Hadley Wickham. 2010. A Layered Grammar of Graphics. Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics 19, 1 (Jan. 2010), 3–28. https://doi.org/10.1198/jcgs.2009.07098 Wilkinson (2012) Leland Wilkinson. 2012. The Grammar of Graphics. In Handbook of Computational Statistics: Concepts and Methods, James E. Gentle, Wolfgang Karl Härdle, and Yuichi Mori (Eds.). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 375–414. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21551-3_13 Zhao et al. (2012) Kai Zhao et al. 2012. A Novel Braille Display Using the Vibration of SMA Wires and the Evaluation of Braille Presentations. Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering 7, 4 (2012), 416–425. https://doi.org/10.1299/jbse.7.416 Zong et al. (2022) Jonathan Zong, Crystal Lee, Alan Lundgard, JiWoong Jang, Daniel Hajas, and Arvind Satyanarayan. 2022. Rich Screen Reader Experiences for Accessible Data Visualization. Computer Graphics Forum (Proc. EuroVis) 41, 3 (2022), 15–27. David R Thomas. 2006. A general inductive approach for analyzing qualitative evaluation data. American journal of evaluation 27, 2 (2006), 237–246. Thompson et al. (2023) John R Thompson, Jesse J Martinez, Alper Sarikaya, Edward Cutrell, and Bongshin Lee. 2023. Chart Reader: Accessible Visualization Experiences Designed with Screen Reader Users. In Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI ’23). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1145/3544548.3581186 Unicode ([n. d.]) Unicode. [n. d.]. Braille Patterns. https://unicode.org/charts/nameslist/c_2800.html Wasserman (1985) Anthony I. Wasserman. 1985. Extending state transition diagrams for the specification of human–computer interaction. IEEE transactions on Software Engineering 8 (1985), 699–713. White (2020) Jason J. G. White. 2020. The Accessibility of Mathematical Notation on the Web and Beyond. Journal of Science Education for Students with Disabilities 23, 1 (2020). Wickham (2010) Hadley Wickham. 2010. A Layered Grammar of Graphics. Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics 19, 1 (Jan. 2010), 3–28. https://doi.org/10.1198/jcgs.2009.07098 Wilkinson (2012) Leland Wilkinson. 2012. The Grammar of Graphics. In Handbook of Computational Statistics: Concepts and Methods, James E. Gentle, Wolfgang Karl Härdle, and Yuichi Mori (Eds.). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 375–414. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21551-3_13 Zhao et al. (2012) Kai Zhao et al. 2012. A Novel Braille Display Using the Vibration of SMA Wires and the Evaluation of Braille Presentations. Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering 7, 4 (2012), 416–425. https://doi.org/10.1299/jbse.7.416 Zong et al. (2022) Jonathan Zong, Crystal Lee, Alan Lundgard, JiWoong Jang, Daniel Hajas, and Arvind Satyanarayan. 2022. Rich Screen Reader Experiences for Accessible Data Visualization. Computer Graphics Forum (Proc. EuroVis) 41, 3 (2022), 15–27. John R Thompson, Jesse J Martinez, Alper Sarikaya, Edward Cutrell, and Bongshin Lee. 2023. Chart Reader: Accessible Visualization Experiences Designed with Screen Reader Users. In Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI ’23). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1145/3544548.3581186 Unicode ([n. d.]) Unicode. [n. d.]. Braille Patterns. https://unicode.org/charts/nameslist/c_2800.html Wasserman (1985) Anthony I. Wasserman. 1985. Extending state transition diagrams for the specification of human–computer interaction. IEEE transactions on Software Engineering 8 (1985), 699–713. White (2020) Jason J. G. White. 2020. The Accessibility of Mathematical Notation on the Web and Beyond. Journal of Science Education for Students with Disabilities 23, 1 (2020). Wickham (2010) Hadley Wickham. 2010. A Layered Grammar of Graphics. Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics 19, 1 (Jan. 2010), 3–28. https://doi.org/10.1198/jcgs.2009.07098 Wilkinson (2012) Leland Wilkinson. 2012. The Grammar of Graphics. In Handbook of Computational Statistics: Concepts and Methods, James E. Gentle, Wolfgang Karl Härdle, and Yuichi Mori (Eds.). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 375–414. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21551-3_13 Zhao et al. (2012) Kai Zhao et al. 2012. A Novel Braille Display Using the Vibration of SMA Wires and the Evaluation of Braille Presentations. Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering 7, 4 (2012), 416–425. https://doi.org/10.1299/jbse.7.416 Zong et al. (2022) Jonathan Zong, Crystal Lee, Alan Lundgard, JiWoong Jang, Daniel Hajas, and Arvind Satyanarayan. 2022. Rich Screen Reader Experiences for Accessible Data Visualization. Computer Graphics Forum (Proc. EuroVis) 41, 3 (2022), 15–27. Unicode. [n. d.]. Braille Patterns. https://unicode.org/charts/nameslist/c_2800.html Wasserman (1985) Anthony I. Wasserman. 1985. Extending state transition diagrams for the specification of human–computer interaction. IEEE transactions on Software Engineering 8 (1985), 699–713. White (2020) Jason J. G. White. 2020. The Accessibility of Mathematical Notation on the Web and Beyond. Journal of Science Education for Students with Disabilities 23, 1 (2020). Wickham (2010) Hadley Wickham. 2010. A Layered Grammar of Graphics. Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics 19, 1 (Jan. 2010), 3–28. https://doi.org/10.1198/jcgs.2009.07098 Wilkinson (2012) Leland Wilkinson. 2012. The Grammar of Graphics. In Handbook of Computational Statistics: Concepts and Methods, James E. Gentle, Wolfgang Karl Härdle, and Yuichi Mori (Eds.). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 375–414. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21551-3_13 Zhao et al. (2012) Kai Zhao et al. 2012. A Novel Braille Display Using the Vibration of SMA Wires and the Evaluation of Braille Presentations. Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering 7, 4 (2012), 416–425. https://doi.org/10.1299/jbse.7.416 Zong et al. (2022) Jonathan Zong, Crystal Lee, Alan Lundgard, JiWoong Jang, Daniel Hajas, and Arvind Satyanarayan. 2022. Rich Screen Reader Experiences for Accessible Data Visualization. Computer Graphics Forum (Proc. EuroVis) 41, 3 (2022), 15–27. Anthony I. Wasserman. 1985. Extending state transition diagrams for the specification of human–computer interaction. IEEE transactions on Software Engineering 8 (1985), 699–713. White (2020) Jason J. G. White. 2020. The Accessibility of Mathematical Notation on the Web and Beyond. Journal of Science Education for Students with Disabilities 23, 1 (2020). Wickham (2010) Hadley Wickham. 2010. A Layered Grammar of Graphics. Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics 19, 1 (Jan. 2010), 3–28. https://doi.org/10.1198/jcgs.2009.07098 Wilkinson (2012) Leland Wilkinson. 2012. The Grammar of Graphics. In Handbook of Computational Statistics: Concepts and Methods, James E. Gentle, Wolfgang Karl Härdle, and Yuichi Mori (Eds.). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 375–414. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21551-3_13 Zhao et al. (2012) Kai Zhao et al. 2012. A Novel Braille Display Using the Vibration of SMA Wires and the Evaluation of Braille Presentations. Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering 7, 4 (2012), 416–425. https://doi.org/10.1299/jbse.7.416 Zong et al. (2022) Jonathan Zong, Crystal Lee, Alan Lundgard, JiWoong Jang, Daniel Hajas, and Arvind Satyanarayan. 2022. Rich Screen Reader Experiences for Accessible Data Visualization. Computer Graphics Forum (Proc. EuroVis) 41, 3 (2022), 15–27. Jason J. G. White. 2020. The Accessibility of Mathematical Notation on the Web and Beyond. Journal of Science Education for Students with Disabilities 23, 1 (2020). Wickham (2010) Hadley Wickham. 2010. A Layered Grammar of Graphics. Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics 19, 1 (Jan. 2010), 3–28. https://doi.org/10.1198/jcgs.2009.07098 Wilkinson (2012) Leland Wilkinson. 2012. The Grammar of Graphics. In Handbook of Computational Statistics: Concepts and Methods, James E. Gentle, Wolfgang Karl Härdle, and Yuichi Mori (Eds.). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 375–414. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21551-3_13 Zhao et al. (2012) Kai Zhao et al. 2012. A Novel Braille Display Using the Vibration of SMA Wires and the Evaluation of Braille Presentations. Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering 7, 4 (2012), 416–425. https://doi.org/10.1299/jbse.7.416 Zong et al. (2022) Jonathan Zong, Crystal Lee, Alan Lundgard, JiWoong Jang, Daniel Hajas, and Arvind Satyanarayan. 2022. Rich Screen Reader Experiences for Accessible Data Visualization. Computer Graphics Forum (Proc. EuroVis) 41, 3 (2022), 15–27. Hadley Wickham. 2010. A Layered Grammar of Graphics. Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics 19, 1 (Jan. 2010), 3–28. https://doi.org/10.1198/jcgs.2009.07098 Wilkinson (2012) Leland Wilkinson. 2012. The Grammar of Graphics. In Handbook of Computational Statistics: Concepts and Methods, James E. Gentle, Wolfgang Karl Härdle, and Yuichi Mori (Eds.). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 375–414. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21551-3_13 Zhao et al. (2012) Kai Zhao et al. 2012. A Novel Braille Display Using the Vibration of SMA Wires and the Evaluation of Braille Presentations. Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering 7, 4 (2012), 416–425. https://doi.org/10.1299/jbse.7.416 Zong et al. (2022) Jonathan Zong, Crystal Lee, Alan Lundgard, JiWoong Jang, Daniel Hajas, and Arvind Satyanarayan. 2022. Rich Screen Reader Experiences for Accessible Data Visualization. Computer Graphics Forum (Proc. EuroVis) 41, 3 (2022), 15–27. Leland Wilkinson. 2012. The Grammar of Graphics. In Handbook of Computational Statistics: Concepts and Methods, James E. Gentle, Wolfgang Karl Härdle, and Yuichi Mori (Eds.). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 375–414. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21551-3_13 Zhao et al. (2012) Kai Zhao et al. 2012. A Novel Braille Display Using the Vibration of SMA Wires and the Evaluation of Braille Presentations. Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering 7, 4 (2012), 416–425. https://doi.org/10.1299/jbse.7.416 Zong et al. (2022) Jonathan Zong, Crystal Lee, Alan Lundgard, JiWoong Jang, Daniel Hajas, and Arvind Satyanarayan. 2022. Rich Screen Reader Experiences for Accessible Data Visualization. Computer Graphics Forum (Proc. EuroVis) 41, 3 (2022), 15–27. Kai Zhao et al. 2012. A Novel Braille Display Using the Vibration of SMA Wires and the Evaluation of Braille Presentations. Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering 7, 4 (2012), 416–425. https://doi.org/10.1299/jbse.7.416 Zong et al. (2022) Jonathan Zong, Crystal Lee, Alan Lundgard, JiWoong Jang, Daniel Hajas, and Arvind Satyanarayan. 2022. Rich Screen Reader Experiences for Accessible Data Visualization. Computer Graphics Forum (Proc. EuroVis) 41, 3 (2022), 15–27. Jonathan Zong, Crystal Lee, Alan Lundgard, JiWoong Jang, Daniel Hajas, and Arvind Satyanarayan. 2022. Rich Screen Reader Experiences for Accessible Data Visualization. Computer Graphics Forum (Proc. EuroVis) 41, 3 (2022), 15–27.
  54. Converting Graphical Data-Visualizations into Sonified Output. Summers et al. (2022) II Claude Edward Summers, Sean Patrick Mealin, Julianna Elizabeth Langston, Gregory David Kraus, Jonathan Tyler Williamson, Lisa Beth Morton Robinson, Jesse Daniel Sookne, and Brice Joseph Smith. 2022. User Interfaces for Converting Geospatial Data into Audio Outputs. Sweller (1988) John Sweller. 1988. Cognitive Load during Problem Solving: Effects on Learning. Cognitive Science 12, 2 (April 1988), 257–285. https://doi.org/10.1016/0364-0213(88)90023-7 Sweller (2010) John Sweller. 2010. Element Interactivity and Intrinsic, Extraneous, and Germane Cognitive Load. Educational Psychology Review 22, 2 (June 2010), 123–138. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-010-9128-5 Thomas (2006) David R Thomas. 2006. A general inductive approach for analyzing qualitative evaluation data. American journal of evaluation 27, 2 (2006), 237–246. Thompson et al. (2023) John R Thompson, Jesse J Martinez, Alper Sarikaya, Edward Cutrell, and Bongshin Lee. 2023. Chart Reader: Accessible Visualization Experiences Designed with Screen Reader Users. In Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI ’23). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1145/3544548.3581186 Unicode ([n. d.]) Unicode. [n. d.]. Braille Patterns. https://unicode.org/charts/nameslist/c_2800.html Wasserman (1985) Anthony I. Wasserman. 1985. Extending state transition diagrams for the specification of human–computer interaction. IEEE transactions on Software Engineering 8 (1985), 699–713. White (2020) Jason J. G. White. 2020. The Accessibility of Mathematical Notation on the Web and Beyond. Journal of Science Education for Students with Disabilities 23, 1 (2020). Wickham (2010) Hadley Wickham. 2010. A Layered Grammar of Graphics. Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics 19, 1 (Jan. 2010), 3–28. https://doi.org/10.1198/jcgs.2009.07098 Wilkinson (2012) Leland Wilkinson. 2012. The Grammar of Graphics. In Handbook of Computational Statistics: Concepts and Methods, James E. Gentle, Wolfgang Karl Härdle, and Yuichi Mori (Eds.). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 375–414. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21551-3_13 Zhao et al. (2012) Kai Zhao et al. 2012. A Novel Braille Display Using the Vibration of SMA Wires and the Evaluation of Braille Presentations. Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering 7, 4 (2012), 416–425. https://doi.org/10.1299/jbse.7.416 Zong et al. (2022) Jonathan Zong, Crystal Lee, Alan Lundgard, JiWoong Jang, Daniel Hajas, and Arvind Satyanarayan. 2022. Rich Screen Reader Experiences for Accessible Data Visualization. Computer Graphics Forum (Proc. EuroVis) 41, 3 (2022), 15–27. II Claude Edward Summers, Sean Patrick Mealin, Julianna Elizabeth Langston, Gregory David Kraus, Jonathan Tyler Williamson, Lisa Beth Morton Robinson, Jesse Daniel Sookne, and Brice Joseph Smith. 2022. User Interfaces for Converting Geospatial Data into Audio Outputs. Sweller (1988) John Sweller. 1988. Cognitive Load during Problem Solving: Effects on Learning. Cognitive Science 12, 2 (April 1988), 257–285. https://doi.org/10.1016/0364-0213(88)90023-7 Sweller (2010) John Sweller. 2010. Element Interactivity and Intrinsic, Extraneous, and Germane Cognitive Load. Educational Psychology Review 22, 2 (June 2010), 123–138. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-010-9128-5 Thomas (2006) David R Thomas. 2006. A general inductive approach for analyzing qualitative evaluation data. American journal of evaluation 27, 2 (2006), 237–246. Thompson et al. (2023) John R Thompson, Jesse J Martinez, Alper Sarikaya, Edward Cutrell, and Bongshin Lee. 2023. Chart Reader: Accessible Visualization Experiences Designed with Screen Reader Users. In Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI ’23). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1145/3544548.3581186 Unicode ([n. d.]) Unicode. [n. d.]. Braille Patterns. https://unicode.org/charts/nameslist/c_2800.html Wasserman (1985) Anthony I. Wasserman. 1985. Extending state transition diagrams for the specification of human–computer interaction. IEEE transactions on Software Engineering 8 (1985), 699–713. White (2020) Jason J. G. White. 2020. The Accessibility of Mathematical Notation on the Web and Beyond. Journal of Science Education for Students with Disabilities 23, 1 (2020). Wickham (2010) Hadley Wickham. 2010. A Layered Grammar of Graphics. Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics 19, 1 (Jan. 2010), 3–28. https://doi.org/10.1198/jcgs.2009.07098 Wilkinson (2012) Leland Wilkinson. 2012. The Grammar of Graphics. In Handbook of Computational Statistics: Concepts and Methods, James E. Gentle, Wolfgang Karl Härdle, and Yuichi Mori (Eds.). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 375–414. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21551-3_13 Zhao et al. (2012) Kai Zhao et al. 2012. A Novel Braille Display Using the Vibration of SMA Wires and the Evaluation of Braille Presentations. Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering 7, 4 (2012), 416–425. https://doi.org/10.1299/jbse.7.416 Zong et al. (2022) Jonathan Zong, Crystal Lee, Alan Lundgard, JiWoong Jang, Daniel Hajas, and Arvind Satyanarayan. 2022. Rich Screen Reader Experiences for Accessible Data Visualization. Computer Graphics Forum (Proc. EuroVis) 41, 3 (2022), 15–27. John Sweller. 1988. Cognitive Load during Problem Solving: Effects on Learning. Cognitive Science 12, 2 (April 1988), 257–285. https://doi.org/10.1016/0364-0213(88)90023-7 Sweller (2010) John Sweller. 2010. Element Interactivity and Intrinsic, Extraneous, and Germane Cognitive Load. Educational Psychology Review 22, 2 (June 2010), 123–138. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-010-9128-5 Thomas (2006) David R Thomas. 2006. A general inductive approach for analyzing qualitative evaluation data. American journal of evaluation 27, 2 (2006), 237–246. Thompson et al. (2023) John R Thompson, Jesse J Martinez, Alper Sarikaya, Edward Cutrell, and Bongshin Lee. 2023. Chart Reader: Accessible Visualization Experiences Designed with Screen Reader Users. In Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI ’23). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1145/3544548.3581186 Unicode ([n. d.]) Unicode. [n. d.]. Braille Patterns. https://unicode.org/charts/nameslist/c_2800.html Wasserman (1985) Anthony I. Wasserman. 1985. Extending state transition diagrams for the specification of human–computer interaction. IEEE transactions on Software Engineering 8 (1985), 699–713. White (2020) Jason J. G. White. 2020. The Accessibility of Mathematical Notation on the Web and Beyond. Journal of Science Education for Students with Disabilities 23, 1 (2020). Wickham (2010) Hadley Wickham. 2010. A Layered Grammar of Graphics. Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics 19, 1 (Jan. 2010), 3–28. https://doi.org/10.1198/jcgs.2009.07098 Wilkinson (2012) Leland Wilkinson. 2012. The Grammar of Graphics. In Handbook of Computational Statistics: Concepts and Methods, James E. Gentle, Wolfgang Karl Härdle, and Yuichi Mori (Eds.). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 375–414. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21551-3_13 Zhao et al. (2012) Kai Zhao et al. 2012. A Novel Braille Display Using the Vibration of SMA Wires and the Evaluation of Braille Presentations. Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering 7, 4 (2012), 416–425. https://doi.org/10.1299/jbse.7.416 Zong et al. (2022) Jonathan Zong, Crystal Lee, Alan Lundgard, JiWoong Jang, Daniel Hajas, and Arvind Satyanarayan. 2022. Rich Screen Reader Experiences for Accessible Data Visualization. Computer Graphics Forum (Proc. EuroVis) 41, 3 (2022), 15–27. John Sweller. 2010. Element Interactivity and Intrinsic, Extraneous, and Germane Cognitive Load. Educational Psychology Review 22, 2 (June 2010), 123–138. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-010-9128-5 Thomas (2006) David R Thomas. 2006. A general inductive approach for analyzing qualitative evaluation data. American journal of evaluation 27, 2 (2006), 237–246. Thompson et al. (2023) John R Thompson, Jesse J Martinez, Alper Sarikaya, Edward Cutrell, and Bongshin Lee. 2023. Chart Reader: Accessible Visualization Experiences Designed with Screen Reader Users. In Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI ’23). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1145/3544548.3581186 Unicode ([n. d.]) Unicode. [n. d.]. Braille Patterns. https://unicode.org/charts/nameslist/c_2800.html Wasserman (1985) Anthony I. Wasserman. 1985. Extending state transition diagrams for the specification of human–computer interaction. IEEE transactions on Software Engineering 8 (1985), 699–713. White (2020) Jason J. G. White. 2020. The Accessibility of Mathematical Notation on the Web and Beyond. Journal of Science Education for Students with Disabilities 23, 1 (2020). Wickham (2010) Hadley Wickham. 2010. A Layered Grammar of Graphics. Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics 19, 1 (Jan. 2010), 3–28. https://doi.org/10.1198/jcgs.2009.07098 Wilkinson (2012) Leland Wilkinson. 2012. The Grammar of Graphics. In Handbook of Computational Statistics: Concepts and Methods, James E. Gentle, Wolfgang Karl Härdle, and Yuichi Mori (Eds.). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 375–414. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21551-3_13 Zhao et al. (2012) Kai Zhao et al. 2012. A Novel Braille Display Using the Vibration of SMA Wires and the Evaluation of Braille Presentations. Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering 7, 4 (2012), 416–425. https://doi.org/10.1299/jbse.7.416 Zong et al. (2022) Jonathan Zong, Crystal Lee, Alan Lundgard, JiWoong Jang, Daniel Hajas, and Arvind Satyanarayan. 2022. Rich Screen Reader Experiences for Accessible Data Visualization. Computer Graphics Forum (Proc. EuroVis) 41, 3 (2022), 15–27. David R Thomas. 2006. A general inductive approach for analyzing qualitative evaluation data. American journal of evaluation 27, 2 (2006), 237–246. Thompson et al. (2023) John R Thompson, Jesse J Martinez, Alper Sarikaya, Edward Cutrell, and Bongshin Lee. 2023. Chart Reader: Accessible Visualization Experiences Designed with Screen Reader Users. In Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI ’23). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1145/3544548.3581186 Unicode ([n. d.]) Unicode. [n. d.]. Braille Patterns. https://unicode.org/charts/nameslist/c_2800.html Wasserman (1985) Anthony I. Wasserman. 1985. Extending state transition diagrams for the specification of human–computer interaction. IEEE transactions on Software Engineering 8 (1985), 699–713. White (2020) Jason J. G. White. 2020. The Accessibility of Mathematical Notation on the Web and Beyond. Journal of Science Education for Students with Disabilities 23, 1 (2020). Wickham (2010) Hadley Wickham. 2010. A Layered Grammar of Graphics. Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics 19, 1 (Jan. 2010), 3–28. https://doi.org/10.1198/jcgs.2009.07098 Wilkinson (2012) Leland Wilkinson. 2012. The Grammar of Graphics. In Handbook of Computational Statistics: Concepts and Methods, James E. Gentle, Wolfgang Karl Härdle, and Yuichi Mori (Eds.). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 375–414. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21551-3_13 Zhao et al. (2012) Kai Zhao et al. 2012. A Novel Braille Display Using the Vibration of SMA Wires and the Evaluation of Braille Presentations. Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering 7, 4 (2012), 416–425. https://doi.org/10.1299/jbse.7.416 Zong et al. (2022) Jonathan Zong, Crystal Lee, Alan Lundgard, JiWoong Jang, Daniel Hajas, and Arvind Satyanarayan. 2022. Rich Screen Reader Experiences for Accessible Data Visualization. Computer Graphics Forum (Proc. EuroVis) 41, 3 (2022), 15–27. John R Thompson, Jesse J Martinez, Alper Sarikaya, Edward Cutrell, and Bongshin Lee. 2023. Chart Reader: Accessible Visualization Experiences Designed with Screen Reader Users. In Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI ’23). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1145/3544548.3581186 Unicode ([n. d.]) Unicode. [n. d.]. Braille Patterns. https://unicode.org/charts/nameslist/c_2800.html Wasserman (1985) Anthony I. Wasserman. 1985. Extending state transition diagrams for the specification of human–computer interaction. IEEE transactions on Software Engineering 8 (1985), 699–713. White (2020) Jason J. G. White. 2020. The Accessibility of Mathematical Notation on the Web and Beyond. Journal of Science Education for Students with Disabilities 23, 1 (2020). Wickham (2010) Hadley Wickham. 2010. A Layered Grammar of Graphics. Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics 19, 1 (Jan. 2010), 3–28. https://doi.org/10.1198/jcgs.2009.07098 Wilkinson (2012) Leland Wilkinson. 2012. The Grammar of Graphics. In Handbook of Computational Statistics: Concepts and Methods, James E. Gentle, Wolfgang Karl Härdle, and Yuichi Mori (Eds.). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 375–414. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21551-3_13 Zhao et al. (2012) Kai Zhao et al. 2012. A Novel Braille Display Using the Vibration of SMA Wires and the Evaluation of Braille Presentations. Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering 7, 4 (2012), 416–425. https://doi.org/10.1299/jbse.7.416 Zong et al. (2022) Jonathan Zong, Crystal Lee, Alan Lundgard, JiWoong Jang, Daniel Hajas, and Arvind Satyanarayan. 2022. Rich Screen Reader Experiences for Accessible Data Visualization. Computer Graphics Forum (Proc. EuroVis) 41, 3 (2022), 15–27. Unicode. [n. d.]. Braille Patterns. https://unicode.org/charts/nameslist/c_2800.html Wasserman (1985) Anthony I. Wasserman. 1985. Extending state transition diagrams for the specification of human–computer interaction. IEEE transactions on Software Engineering 8 (1985), 699–713. White (2020) Jason J. G. White. 2020. The Accessibility of Mathematical Notation on the Web and Beyond. Journal of Science Education for Students with Disabilities 23, 1 (2020). Wickham (2010) Hadley Wickham. 2010. A Layered Grammar of Graphics. Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics 19, 1 (Jan. 2010), 3–28. https://doi.org/10.1198/jcgs.2009.07098 Wilkinson (2012) Leland Wilkinson. 2012. The Grammar of Graphics. In Handbook of Computational Statistics: Concepts and Methods, James E. Gentle, Wolfgang Karl Härdle, and Yuichi Mori (Eds.). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 375–414. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21551-3_13 Zhao et al. (2012) Kai Zhao et al. 2012. A Novel Braille Display Using the Vibration of SMA Wires and the Evaluation of Braille Presentations. Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering 7, 4 (2012), 416–425. https://doi.org/10.1299/jbse.7.416 Zong et al. (2022) Jonathan Zong, Crystal Lee, Alan Lundgard, JiWoong Jang, Daniel Hajas, and Arvind Satyanarayan. 2022. Rich Screen Reader Experiences for Accessible Data Visualization. Computer Graphics Forum (Proc. EuroVis) 41, 3 (2022), 15–27. Anthony I. Wasserman. 1985. Extending state transition diagrams for the specification of human–computer interaction. IEEE transactions on Software Engineering 8 (1985), 699–713. White (2020) Jason J. G. White. 2020. The Accessibility of Mathematical Notation on the Web and Beyond. Journal of Science Education for Students with Disabilities 23, 1 (2020). Wickham (2010) Hadley Wickham. 2010. A Layered Grammar of Graphics. Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics 19, 1 (Jan. 2010), 3–28. https://doi.org/10.1198/jcgs.2009.07098 Wilkinson (2012) Leland Wilkinson. 2012. The Grammar of Graphics. In Handbook of Computational Statistics: Concepts and Methods, James E. Gentle, Wolfgang Karl Härdle, and Yuichi Mori (Eds.). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 375–414. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21551-3_13 Zhao et al. (2012) Kai Zhao et al. 2012. A Novel Braille Display Using the Vibration of SMA Wires and the Evaluation of Braille Presentations. Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering 7, 4 (2012), 416–425. https://doi.org/10.1299/jbse.7.416 Zong et al. (2022) Jonathan Zong, Crystal Lee, Alan Lundgard, JiWoong Jang, Daniel Hajas, and Arvind Satyanarayan. 2022. Rich Screen Reader Experiences for Accessible Data Visualization. Computer Graphics Forum (Proc. EuroVis) 41, 3 (2022), 15–27. Jason J. G. White. 2020. The Accessibility of Mathematical Notation on the Web and Beyond. Journal of Science Education for Students with Disabilities 23, 1 (2020). Wickham (2010) Hadley Wickham. 2010. A Layered Grammar of Graphics. Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics 19, 1 (Jan. 2010), 3–28. https://doi.org/10.1198/jcgs.2009.07098 Wilkinson (2012) Leland Wilkinson. 2012. The Grammar of Graphics. In Handbook of Computational Statistics: Concepts and Methods, James E. Gentle, Wolfgang Karl Härdle, and Yuichi Mori (Eds.). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 375–414. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21551-3_13 Zhao et al. (2012) Kai Zhao et al. 2012. A Novel Braille Display Using the Vibration of SMA Wires and the Evaluation of Braille Presentations. Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering 7, 4 (2012), 416–425. https://doi.org/10.1299/jbse.7.416 Zong et al. (2022) Jonathan Zong, Crystal Lee, Alan Lundgard, JiWoong Jang, Daniel Hajas, and Arvind Satyanarayan. 2022. Rich Screen Reader Experiences for Accessible Data Visualization. Computer Graphics Forum (Proc. EuroVis) 41, 3 (2022), 15–27. Hadley Wickham. 2010. A Layered Grammar of Graphics. Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics 19, 1 (Jan. 2010), 3–28. https://doi.org/10.1198/jcgs.2009.07098 Wilkinson (2012) Leland Wilkinson. 2012. The Grammar of Graphics. In Handbook of Computational Statistics: Concepts and Methods, James E. Gentle, Wolfgang Karl Härdle, and Yuichi Mori (Eds.). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 375–414. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21551-3_13 Zhao et al. (2012) Kai Zhao et al. 2012. A Novel Braille Display Using the Vibration of SMA Wires and the Evaluation of Braille Presentations. Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering 7, 4 (2012), 416–425. https://doi.org/10.1299/jbse.7.416 Zong et al. (2022) Jonathan Zong, Crystal Lee, Alan Lundgard, JiWoong Jang, Daniel Hajas, and Arvind Satyanarayan. 2022. Rich Screen Reader Experiences for Accessible Data Visualization. Computer Graphics Forum (Proc. EuroVis) 41, 3 (2022), 15–27. Leland Wilkinson. 2012. The Grammar of Graphics. In Handbook of Computational Statistics: Concepts and Methods, James E. Gentle, Wolfgang Karl Härdle, and Yuichi Mori (Eds.). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 375–414. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21551-3_13 Zhao et al. (2012) Kai Zhao et al. 2012. A Novel Braille Display Using the Vibration of SMA Wires and the Evaluation of Braille Presentations. Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering 7, 4 (2012), 416–425. https://doi.org/10.1299/jbse.7.416 Zong et al. (2022) Jonathan Zong, Crystal Lee, Alan Lundgard, JiWoong Jang, Daniel Hajas, and Arvind Satyanarayan. 2022. Rich Screen Reader Experiences for Accessible Data Visualization. Computer Graphics Forum (Proc. EuroVis) 41, 3 (2022), 15–27. Kai Zhao et al. 2012. A Novel Braille Display Using the Vibration of SMA Wires and the Evaluation of Braille Presentations. Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering 7, 4 (2012), 416–425. https://doi.org/10.1299/jbse.7.416 Zong et al. (2022) Jonathan Zong, Crystal Lee, Alan Lundgard, JiWoong Jang, Daniel Hajas, and Arvind Satyanarayan. 2022. Rich Screen Reader Experiences for Accessible Data Visualization. Computer Graphics Forum (Proc. EuroVis) 41, 3 (2022), 15–27. Jonathan Zong, Crystal Lee, Alan Lundgard, JiWoong Jang, Daniel Hajas, and Arvind Satyanarayan. 2022. Rich Screen Reader Experiences for Accessible Data Visualization. Computer Graphics Forum (Proc. EuroVis) 41, 3 (2022), 15–27.
  55. User Interfaces for Converting Geospatial Data into Audio Outputs. Sweller (1988) John Sweller. 1988. Cognitive Load during Problem Solving: Effects on Learning. Cognitive Science 12, 2 (April 1988), 257–285. https://doi.org/10.1016/0364-0213(88)90023-7 Sweller (2010) John Sweller. 2010. Element Interactivity and Intrinsic, Extraneous, and Germane Cognitive Load. Educational Psychology Review 22, 2 (June 2010), 123–138. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-010-9128-5 Thomas (2006) David R Thomas. 2006. A general inductive approach for analyzing qualitative evaluation data. American journal of evaluation 27, 2 (2006), 237–246. Thompson et al. (2023) John R Thompson, Jesse J Martinez, Alper Sarikaya, Edward Cutrell, and Bongshin Lee. 2023. Chart Reader: Accessible Visualization Experiences Designed with Screen Reader Users. In Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI ’23). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1145/3544548.3581186 Unicode ([n. d.]) Unicode. [n. d.]. Braille Patterns. https://unicode.org/charts/nameslist/c_2800.html Wasserman (1985) Anthony I. Wasserman. 1985. Extending state transition diagrams for the specification of human–computer interaction. IEEE transactions on Software Engineering 8 (1985), 699–713. White (2020) Jason J. G. White. 2020. The Accessibility of Mathematical Notation on the Web and Beyond. Journal of Science Education for Students with Disabilities 23, 1 (2020). Wickham (2010) Hadley Wickham. 2010. A Layered Grammar of Graphics. Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics 19, 1 (Jan. 2010), 3–28. https://doi.org/10.1198/jcgs.2009.07098 Wilkinson (2012) Leland Wilkinson. 2012. The Grammar of Graphics. In Handbook of Computational Statistics: Concepts and Methods, James E. Gentle, Wolfgang Karl Härdle, and Yuichi Mori (Eds.). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 375–414. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21551-3_13 Zhao et al. (2012) Kai Zhao et al. 2012. A Novel Braille Display Using the Vibration of SMA Wires and the Evaluation of Braille Presentations. Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering 7, 4 (2012), 416–425. https://doi.org/10.1299/jbse.7.416 Zong et al. (2022) Jonathan Zong, Crystal Lee, Alan Lundgard, JiWoong Jang, Daniel Hajas, and Arvind Satyanarayan. 2022. Rich Screen Reader Experiences for Accessible Data Visualization. Computer Graphics Forum (Proc. EuroVis) 41, 3 (2022), 15–27. John Sweller. 1988. Cognitive Load during Problem Solving: Effects on Learning. Cognitive Science 12, 2 (April 1988), 257–285. https://doi.org/10.1016/0364-0213(88)90023-7 Sweller (2010) John Sweller. 2010. Element Interactivity and Intrinsic, Extraneous, and Germane Cognitive Load. Educational Psychology Review 22, 2 (June 2010), 123–138. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-010-9128-5 Thomas (2006) David R Thomas. 2006. A general inductive approach for analyzing qualitative evaluation data. American journal of evaluation 27, 2 (2006), 237–246. Thompson et al. (2023) John R Thompson, Jesse J Martinez, Alper Sarikaya, Edward Cutrell, and Bongshin Lee. 2023. Chart Reader: Accessible Visualization Experiences Designed with Screen Reader Users. In Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI ’23). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1145/3544548.3581186 Unicode ([n. d.]) Unicode. [n. d.]. Braille Patterns. https://unicode.org/charts/nameslist/c_2800.html Wasserman (1985) Anthony I. Wasserman. 1985. Extending state transition diagrams for the specification of human–computer interaction. IEEE transactions on Software Engineering 8 (1985), 699–713. White (2020) Jason J. G. White. 2020. The Accessibility of Mathematical Notation on the Web and Beyond. Journal of Science Education for Students with Disabilities 23, 1 (2020). Wickham (2010) Hadley Wickham. 2010. A Layered Grammar of Graphics. Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics 19, 1 (Jan. 2010), 3–28. https://doi.org/10.1198/jcgs.2009.07098 Wilkinson (2012) Leland Wilkinson. 2012. The Grammar of Graphics. In Handbook of Computational Statistics: Concepts and Methods, James E. Gentle, Wolfgang Karl Härdle, and Yuichi Mori (Eds.). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 375–414. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21551-3_13 Zhao et al. (2012) Kai Zhao et al. 2012. A Novel Braille Display Using the Vibration of SMA Wires and the Evaluation of Braille Presentations. Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering 7, 4 (2012), 416–425. https://doi.org/10.1299/jbse.7.416 Zong et al. (2022) Jonathan Zong, Crystal Lee, Alan Lundgard, JiWoong Jang, Daniel Hajas, and Arvind Satyanarayan. 2022. Rich Screen Reader Experiences for Accessible Data Visualization. Computer Graphics Forum (Proc. EuroVis) 41, 3 (2022), 15–27. John Sweller. 2010. Element Interactivity and Intrinsic, Extraneous, and Germane Cognitive Load. Educational Psychology Review 22, 2 (June 2010), 123–138. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-010-9128-5 Thomas (2006) David R Thomas. 2006. A general inductive approach for analyzing qualitative evaluation data. American journal of evaluation 27, 2 (2006), 237–246. Thompson et al. (2023) John R Thompson, Jesse J Martinez, Alper Sarikaya, Edward Cutrell, and Bongshin Lee. 2023. Chart Reader: Accessible Visualization Experiences Designed with Screen Reader Users. In Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI ’23). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1145/3544548.3581186 Unicode ([n. d.]) Unicode. [n. d.]. Braille Patterns. https://unicode.org/charts/nameslist/c_2800.html Wasserman (1985) Anthony I. Wasserman. 1985. Extending state transition diagrams for the specification of human–computer interaction. IEEE transactions on Software Engineering 8 (1985), 699–713. White (2020) Jason J. G. White. 2020. The Accessibility of Mathematical Notation on the Web and Beyond. Journal of Science Education for Students with Disabilities 23, 1 (2020). Wickham (2010) Hadley Wickham. 2010. A Layered Grammar of Graphics. Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics 19, 1 (Jan. 2010), 3–28. https://doi.org/10.1198/jcgs.2009.07098 Wilkinson (2012) Leland Wilkinson. 2012. The Grammar of Graphics. In Handbook of Computational Statistics: Concepts and Methods, James E. Gentle, Wolfgang Karl Härdle, and Yuichi Mori (Eds.). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 375–414. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21551-3_13 Zhao et al. (2012) Kai Zhao et al. 2012. A Novel Braille Display Using the Vibration of SMA Wires and the Evaluation of Braille Presentations. Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering 7, 4 (2012), 416–425. https://doi.org/10.1299/jbse.7.416 Zong et al. (2022) Jonathan Zong, Crystal Lee, Alan Lundgard, JiWoong Jang, Daniel Hajas, and Arvind Satyanarayan. 2022. Rich Screen Reader Experiences for Accessible Data Visualization. Computer Graphics Forum (Proc. EuroVis) 41, 3 (2022), 15–27. David R Thomas. 2006. A general inductive approach for analyzing qualitative evaluation data. American journal of evaluation 27, 2 (2006), 237–246. Thompson et al. (2023) John R Thompson, Jesse J Martinez, Alper Sarikaya, Edward Cutrell, and Bongshin Lee. 2023. Chart Reader: Accessible Visualization Experiences Designed with Screen Reader Users. In Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI ’23). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1145/3544548.3581186 Unicode ([n. d.]) Unicode. [n. d.]. Braille Patterns. https://unicode.org/charts/nameslist/c_2800.html Wasserman (1985) Anthony I. Wasserman. 1985. Extending state transition diagrams for the specification of human–computer interaction. IEEE transactions on Software Engineering 8 (1985), 699–713. White (2020) Jason J. G. White. 2020. The Accessibility of Mathematical Notation on the Web and Beyond. Journal of Science Education for Students with Disabilities 23, 1 (2020). Wickham (2010) Hadley Wickham. 2010. A Layered Grammar of Graphics. Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics 19, 1 (Jan. 2010), 3–28. https://doi.org/10.1198/jcgs.2009.07098 Wilkinson (2012) Leland Wilkinson. 2012. The Grammar of Graphics. In Handbook of Computational Statistics: Concepts and Methods, James E. Gentle, Wolfgang Karl Härdle, and Yuichi Mori (Eds.). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 375–414. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21551-3_13 Zhao et al. (2012) Kai Zhao et al. 2012. A Novel Braille Display Using the Vibration of SMA Wires and the Evaluation of Braille Presentations. Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering 7, 4 (2012), 416–425. https://doi.org/10.1299/jbse.7.416 Zong et al. (2022) Jonathan Zong, Crystal Lee, Alan Lundgard, JiWoong Jang, Daniel Hajas, and Arvind Satyanarayan. 2022. Rich Screen Reader Experiences for Accessible Data Visualization. Computer Graphics Forum (Proc. EuroVis) 41, 3 (2022), 15–27. John R Thompson, Jesse J Martinez, Alper Sarikaya, Edward Cutrell, and Bongshin Lee. 2023. Chart Reader: Accessible Visualization Experiences Designed with Screen Reader Users. In Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI ’23). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1145/3544548.3581186 Unicode ([n. d.]) Unicode. [n. d.]. Braille Patterns. https://unicode.org/charts/nameslist/c_2800.html Wasserman (1985) Anthony I. Wasserman. 1985. Extending state transition diagrams for the specification of human–computer interaction. IEEE transactions on Software Engineering 8 (1985), 699–713. White (2020) Jason J. G. White. 2020. The Accessibility of Mathematical Notation on the Web and Beyond. Journal of Science Education for Students with Disabilities 23, 1 (2020). Wickham (2010) Hadley Wickham. 2010. A Layered Grammar of Graphics. Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics 19, 1 (Jan. 2010), 3–28. https://doi.org/10.1198/jcgs.2009.07098 Wilkinson (2012) Leland Wilkinson. 2012. The Grammar of Graphics. In Handbook of Computational Statistics: Concepts and Methods, James E. Gentle, Wolfgang Karl Härdle, and Yuichi Mori (Eds.). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 375–414. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21551-3_13 Zhao et al. (2012) Kai Zhao et al. 2012. A Novel Braille Display Using the Vibration of SMA Wires and the Evaluation of Braille Presentations. Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering 7, 4 (2012), 416–425. https://doi.org/10.1299/jbse.7.416 Zong et al. (2022) Jonathan Zong, Crystal Lee, Alan Lundgard, JiWoong Jang, Daniel Hajas, and Arvind Satyanarayan. 2022. Rich Screen Reader Experiences for Accessible Data Visualization. Computer Graphics Forum (Proc. EuroVis) 41, 3 (2022), 15–27. Unicode. [n. d.]. Braille Patterns. https://unicode.org/charts/nameslist/c_2800.html Wasserman (1985) Anthony I. Wasserman. 1985. Extending state transition diagrams for the specification of human–computer interaction. IEEE transactions on Software Engineering 8 (1985), 699–713. White (2020) Jason J. G. White. 2020. The Accessibility of Mathematical Notation on the Web and Beyond. Journal of Science Education for Students with Disabilities 23, 1 (2020). Wickham (2010) Hadley Wickham. 2010. A Layered Grammar of Graphics. Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics 19, 1 (Jan. 2010), 3–28. https://doi.org/10.1198/jcgs.2009.07098 Wilkinson (2012) Leland Wilkinson. 2012. The Grammar of Graphics. In Handbook of Computational Statistics: Concepts and Methods, James E. Gentle, Wolfgang Karl Härdle, and Yuichi Mori (Eds.). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 375–414. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21551-3_13 Zhao et al. (2012) Kai Zhao et al. 2012. A Novel Braille Display Using the Vibration of SMA Wires and the Evaluation of Braille Presentations. Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering 7, 4 (2012), 416–425. https://doi.org/10.1299/jbse.7.416 Zong et al. (2022) Jonathan Zong, Crystal Lee, Alan Lundgard, JiWoong Jang, Daniel Hajas, and Arvind Satyanarayan. 2022. Rich Screen Reader Experiences for Accessible Data Visualization. Computer Graphics Forum (Proc. EuroVis) 41, 3 (2022), 15–27. Anthony I. Wasserman. 1985. Extending state transition diagrams for the specification of human–computer interaction. IEEE transactions on Software Engineering 8 (1985), 699–713. White (2020) Jason J. G. White. 2020. The Accessibility of Mathematical Notation on the Web and Beyond. Journal of Science Education for Students with Disabilities 23, 1 (2020). Wickham (2010) Hadley Wickham. 2010. A Layered Grammar of Graphics. Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics 19, 1 (Jan. 2010), 3–28. https://doi.org/10.1198/jcgs.2009.07098 Wilkinson (2012) Leland Wilkinson. 2012. The Grammar of Graphics. In Handbook of Computational Statistics: Concepts and Methods, James E. Gentle, Wolfgang Karl Härdle, and Yuichi Mori (Eds.). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 375–414. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21551-3_13 Zhao et al. (2012) Kai Zhao et al. 2012. A Novel Braille Display Using the Vibration of SMA Wires and the Evaluation of Braille Presentations. 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  64. Leland Wilkinson. 2012. The Grammar of Graphics. In Handbook of Computational Statistics: Concepts and Methods, James E. Gentle, Wolfgang Karl Härdle, and Yuichi Mori (Eds.). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 375–414. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21551-3_13 Zhao et al. (2012) Kai Zhao et al. 2012. A Novel Braille Display Using the Vibration of SMA Wires and the Evaluation of Braille Presentations. Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering 7, 4 (2012), 416–425. https://doi.org/10.1299/jbse.7.416 Zong et al. (2022) Jonathan Zong, Crystal Lee, Alan Lundgard, JiWoong Jang, Daniel Hajas, and Arvind Satyanarayan. 2022. Rich Screen Reader Experiences for Accessible Data Visualization. Computer Graphics Forum (Proc. EuroVis) 41, 3 (2022), 15–27. Kai Zhao et al. 2012. A Novel Braille Display Using the Vibration of SMA Wires and the Evaluation of Braille Presentations. Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering 7, 4 (2012), 416–425. https://doi.org/10.1299/jbse.7.416 Zong et al. (2022) Jonathan Zong, Crystal Lee, Alan Lundgard, JiWoong Jang, Daniel Hajas, and Arvind Satyanarayan. 2022. Rich Screen Reader Experiences for Accessible Data Visualization. Computer Graphics Forum (Proc. EuroVis) 41, 3 (2022), 15–27. Jonathan Zong, Crystal Lee, Alan Lundgard, JiWoong Jang, Daniel Hajas, and Arvind Satyanarayan. 2022. Rich Screen Reader Experiences for Accessible Data Visualization. Computer Graphics Forum (Proc. EuroVis) 41, 3 (2022), 15–27.
  65. Kai Zhao et al. 2012. A Novel Braille Display Using the Vibration of SMA Wires and the Evaluation of Braille Presentations. Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering 7, 4 (2012), 416–425. https://doi.org/10.1299/jbse.7.416 Zong et al. (2022) Jonathan Zong, Crystal Lee, Alan Lundgard, JiWoong Jang, Daniel Hajas, and Arvind Satyanarayan. 2022. Rich Screen Reader Experiences for Accessible Data Visualization. Computer Graphics Forum (Proc. EuroVis) 41, 3 (2022), 15–27. Jonathan Zong, Crystal Lee, Alan Lundgard, JiWoong Jang, Daniel Hajas, and Arvind Satyanarayan. 2022. Rich Screen Reader Experiences for Accessible Data Visualization. Computer Graphics Forum (Proc. EuroVis) 41, 3 (2022), 15–27.
  66. Rich Screen Reader Experiences for Accessible Data Visualization. Computer Graphics Forum (Proc. EuroVis) 41, 3 (2022), 15–27.
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Authors (5)
  1. JooYoung Seo (5 papers)
  2. Yilin Xia (8 papers)
  3. Bongshin Lee (24 papers)
  4. Sean McCurry (1 paper)
  5. Yu Jun Yam (1 paper)
Citations (6)
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