EmoWear: Exploring Emotional Teasers for Voice Message Interaction on Smartwatches (2402.07174v1)
Abstract: Voice messages, by nature, prevent users from gauging the emotional tone without fully diving into the audio content. This hinders the shared emotional experience at the pre-retrieval stage. Research scarcely explored "Emotional Teasers"-pre-retrieval cues offering a glimpse into an awaiting message's emotional tone without disclosing its content. We introduce EmoWear, a smartwatch voice messaging system enabling users to apply 30 animation teasers on message bubbles to reflect emotions. EmoWear eases senders' choice by prioritizing emotions based on semantic and acoustic processing. EmoWear was evaluated in comparison with a mirroring system using color-coded message bubbles as emotional cues (N=24). Results showed EmoWear significantly enhanced emotional communication experience in both receiving and sending messages. The animated teasers were considered intuitive and valued for diverse expressions. Desirable interaction qualities and practical implications are distilled for future design. We thereby contribute both a novel system and empirical knowledge concerning emotional teasers for voice messaging.
- MeowPlayLive: Enhancing Animal Live Streaming Experience Through Voice Message-Based Real-Time Viewer-Animal Interaction. In Designing Interactive Systems Conference (Virtual Event, Australia) (DIS ’22). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 849–864. https://doi.org/10.1145/3532106.3533553
- Beyond Subtitles: Captioning and Visualizing Non-Speech Sounds to Improve Accessibility of User-Generated Videos. In Proceedings of the 24th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (Athens, Greece) (ASSETS ’22). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, Article 26, 12 pages. https://doi.org/10.1145/3517428.3544808
- Affective Affordance of Message Balloon Animations: An Early Exploration of AniBalloons. (2023), 138–143. https://doi.org/10.1145/3584931.3607017
- VibEmoji: Exploring User-authoring Multi-modal Emoticons in Social Communication. In Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (, New Orleans, LA, USA,) (CHI ’22). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, Article 493, 17 pages. https://doi.org/10.1145/3491102.3501940
- EmoBalloon - Conveying Emotional Arousal in Text Chats with Speech Balloons. In Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (New Orleans, LA, USA) (CHI ’22). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, Article 527, 16 pages. https://doi.org/10.1145/3491102.3501920
- Apple. 2023. Use Memoji on your iPhone or iPad Pro. https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT208986
- Inclusion of other in the self scale and the structure of interpersonal closeness. Journal of personality and social psychology 63, 4 (1992), 596.
- Brian. 2012. PLATO Emoticons, revisited.
- Keith Broni. 2022. New Emojis In 2022-2023. https://blog.emojipedia.org/new-emojis-in-2022-2023/
- Personal Mobile Messaging in Context: Chat Augmentations for Expressiveness and Awareness. ACM Trans. Comput.-Hum. Interact. 25, 4, Article 23 (aug 2018), 33 pages. https://doi.org/10.1145/3201404
- Bubble Coloring to Visualize the Speech Emotion. In Extended Abstracts of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (Yokohama, Japan) (CHI EA ’21). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, Article 361, 6 pages. https://doi.org/10.1145/3411763.3451698
- Designing voice-aware text in voice media with background color and typography. Journal of the International Colour Association (2022). https://aic-color.org/resources/Documents/jaic_v28_10.pdf
- Emoji-Powered Sentiment and Emotion Detection from Software Developers’ Communication Data. ACM Trans. Softw. Eng. Methodol. 30, 2, Article 18 (Jan. 2021), 48 pages. https://doi.org/10.1145/3424308
- Animations 25 years later: New roles and opportunities. In Proceedings of the international working conference on advanced visual interfaces. 280–287.
- I Share, You Care: Private Status Sharing and Sender-Controlled Notifications in Mobile Instant Messaging. Proc. ACM Hum.-Comput. Interact. 4, CSCW1, Article 34 (may 2020), 25 pages. https://doi.org/10.1145/3392839
- Saemi Choi and Kiyoharu Aizawa. 2019. Emotype: Expressing emotions by changing typeface in mobile messenger texting. Multimedia Tools and Applications 78, 11 (2019), 14155–14172.
- S. Davis and P. Mermelstein. 1980. Comparison of parametric representations for monosyllabic word recognition in continuously spoken sentences. IEEE Transactions on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing 28, 4 (1980), 357–366. https://doi.org/10.1109/TASSP.1980.1163420
- Irene de la Torre-Arenas and Pedro Cruz. 2017. A taxonomy of motion applications in data visualization. In Proceedings of the symposium on Computational Aesthetics. 1–2.
- Visualization of Speech Prosody and Emotion in Captions: Accessibility for Deaf and Hard-of-Hearing Users. In Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (Hamburg, Germany) (CHI ’23). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, Article 831, 15 pages. https://doi.org/10.1145/3544548.3581511
- Emotions Understanding Model from Spoken Language using Deep Neural Networks and Mel-Frequency Cepstral Coefficients. In 2020 IEEE Conference on Evolving and Adaptive Intelligent Systems (EAIS). 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1109/EAIS48028.2020.9122698
- GoEmotions: A Dataset of Fine-Grained Emotions. In Proceedings of the 58th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics. Association for Computational Linguistics, Online, 4040–4054. https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2020.acl-main.372
- Pieter Desmet. 2018. Measuring emotion: Development and application of an instrument to measure emotional responses to products. Funology 2: From Usability to Enjoyment (2018), 391–404.
- Paul Ekman. 1992a. Are there basic emotions? Psychological Review 3, 99 (1992), 550–553.
- Paul Ekman. 1992b. An argument for basic emotions. Cognition & emotion 6, 3-4 (1992), 169–200.
- ThermalWear: Exploring Wearable On-Chest Thermal Displays to Augment Voice Messages with Affect. In Proceedings of the 2020 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (Honolulu, HI, USA) (CHI ’20). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1145/3313831.3376682
- Challenges of Emotion Detection Using Facial Expressions and Emotion Visualisation in Remote Communication. In Adjunct Proceedings of the 2021 ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing and Proceedings of the 2021 ACM International Symposium on Wearable Computers (Virtual, USA) (UbiComp ’21). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 230–236. https://doi.org/10.1145/3460418.3479341
- Facebook. 2023. Messenger. https://www.messenger.com/
- Scott Fahlman. Retrieved 2021. Smiley Lore :-).
- “Hey, Can We Talk?”: Exploring How Revealing Implicit Emotional Responses Tangibly Could Foster Empathy During Mobile Texting. In Proceedings of the Seventeenth International Conference on Tangible, Embedded, and Embodied Interaction (Warsaw, Poland) (TEI ’23). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, Article 53, 7 pages. https://doi.org/10.1145/3569009.3573124
- Using a Touch-Sensitive Wristband for Text Entry on Smart Watches. In CHI ’14 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems (Toronto, Ontario, Canada) (CHI EA ’14). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 2305–2310. https://doi.org/10.1145/2559206.2581143
- Google. 2023. Gboard. https://apps.apple.com/us/app/gboard-the-google-keyboard/id1091700242
- WatchWriter: Tap and Gesture Typing on a Smartwatch Miniature Keyboard with Statistical Decoding. In Proceedings of the 2016 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (San Jose, California, USA) (CHI ’16). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 3817–3821. https://doi.org/10.1145/2858036.2858242
- Exploring Haptic Feedback for Common Message Notification Between Intimate Couples with Smartwatches. In Proceedings of the 32nd Australian Conference on Human-Computer Interaction (Sydney, NSW, Australia) (OzCHI ’20). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 245–252. https://doi.org/10.1145/3441000.3441012
- Saul Greenberg and Bill Buxton. 2008. Usability Evaluation Considered Harmful (Some of the Time). In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (Florence, Italy) (CHI ’08). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 111–120. https://doi.org/10.1145/1357054.1357074
- Customizations and Expression Breakdowns in Ecosystems of Communication Apps. Proc. ACM Hum.-Comput. Interact. 3, CSCW, Article 26 (nov 2019), 26 pages. https://doi.org/10.1145/3359128
- Mediating Intimacy with DearBoard: A Co-Customizable Keyboard for Everyday Messaging. In Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. Article 342, 16 pages.
- “They Like to Hear My Voice”: Exploring Usage Behavior in Speech-Based Mobile Instant Messaging. In 22nd International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction with Mobile Devices and Services (Oldenburg, Germany) (MobileHCI ’20). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, Article 35, 10 pages. https://doi.org/10.1145/3379503.3403561
- VoiceMessage++: Augmented Voice Recordings for Mobile Instant Messaging. In 22nd International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction with Mobile Devices and Services (Oldenburg, Germany) (MobileHCI ’20). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, Article 30, 10 pages. https://doi.org/10.1145/3379503.3403560
- Emoji Use in Twitter White Nationalism Communication. In Conference Companion Publication of the 2019 on Computer Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing (Austin, TX, USA) (CSCW ’19). 201–205. https://doi.org/10.1145/3311957.3359495
- Mitsuhiko Hanada. 2018. Correspondence analysis of color–emotion associations. Color Research & Application 43, 2 (2018), 224–237. https://doi.org/10.1002/col.22171 arXiv:https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/col.22171
- Kineticons: Using Iconographic Motion in Graphical User Interface Design. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (Vancouver, BC, Canada) (CHI ’11). 1999–2008. https://doi.org/10.1145/1978942.1979232
- Emojilization: An Automated Method For Speech to Emoji-Labeled Text. In Extended Abstracts of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (Glasgow, Scotland Uk) (CHI EA ’19). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1145/3290607.3313071
- Students’ Colour Perception and Preference: An Empirical Analysis of its Relationship. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 90 (2013), 575–582. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.07.128 6th International Conference on University Learning and Teaching (InCULT 2012).
- Understanding Diverse Interpretations of Animated GIFs. In Proceedings of the 2017 CHI Conference Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems (Denver, Colorado, USA) (CHI EA ’17). 1726–1732. https://doi.org/10.1145/3027063.3053139
- Gestural Text Input Using a Smartwatch. In Proceedings of the International Working Conference on Advanced Visual Interfaces (Bari, Italy) (AVI ’16). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 220–223. https://doi.org/10.1145/2909132.2909273
- Ryan Kelly and Leon Watts. 2015. Characterising the inventive appropriation of emoji as relationally meaningful in mediated close personal relationships. Experiences of technology appropriation: Unanticipated users, usage, circumstances, and design 2 (2015), 7 pages.
- Visible Nuances: A Caption System to Visualize Paralinguistic Speech Cues for Deaf and Hard-of-Hearing Individuals. In Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (Hamburg, Germany) (CHI ’23). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, Article 54, 15 pages. https://doi.org/10.1145/3544548.3581130
- Messaging Beyond Texts with Real-Time Image Suggestions. In 22nd International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction with Mobile Devices and Services (Oldenburg, Germany) (MobileHCI ’20). Article 28, 12 pages. https://doi.org/10.1145/3379503.3403553
- Kineticharts: Augmenting Affective Expressiveness of Charts in Data Stories with Animation Design. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics 28, 1 (2022), 933–943. https://doi.org/10.1109/TVCG.2021.3114775
- John Lasseter. 1987. Principles of traditional animation applied to 3D computer animation. In Proceedings of the 14th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques. 35–44.
- Context-Dependent Domain Adversarial Neural Network for Multimodal Emotion Recognition. In Proc. Interspeech 2020. 394–398. https://doi.org/10.21437/Interspeech.2020-1705
- Animo: Sharing Biosignals on a Smartwatch for Lightweight Social Connection. Proc. ACM Interact. Mob. Wearable Ubiquitous Technol. 3, 1, Article 18 (mar 2019), 19 pages. https://doi.org/10.1145/3314405
- Significant Otter: Understanding the Role of Biosignals in Communication. In Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (Yokohama, Japan) (CHI ’21). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, Article 334, 15 pages. https://doi.org/10.1145/3411764.3445200
- Steven R. Livingstone and Frank A. Russo. 2018. The Ryerson Audio-Visual Database of Emotional Speech and Song (RAVDESS): A dynamic, multimodal set of facial and vocal expressions in North American English. PLOS ONE 13 (05 2018), 1–35. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0196391
- Guidelines for Depicting Emotions in Storyboard Scenarios.
- Tap ’n’ Shake: Gesture-Based Smartwatch-Smartphone Communications System. In Proceedings of the 28th Australian Conference on Computer-Human Interaction (Launceston, Tasmania, Australia) (OzCHI ’16). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 442–446. https://doi.org/10.1145/3010915.3010983
- Remote Handshaking: Touch Enhances Video-Mediated Social Telepresence. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (Toronto, Ontario, Canada) (CHI ’14). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 2143–2152. https://doi.org/10.1145/2556288.2557169
- Donald A Norman. 2003. Designing emotions pieter desmet. The Design Journal 6, 2 (2003), 60–62.
- Emotional Subtitles: A System and Potential Applications for Deaf and Hearing Impaired People.. In CVHI.
- A Preliminary Study on Understanding Voice-Only Online Meetings Using Emoji-Based Captioning for Deaf or Hard of Hearing Users. In Proceedings of the 22nd International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (Virtual Event, Greece) (ASSETS ’20). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, Article 54, 4 pages. https://doi.org/10.1145/3373625.3418032
- MagTouch: Robust Finger Identification for a Smartwatch Using a Magnet Ring and a Built-in Magnetometer. In Proceedings of the 2020 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (Honolulu, HI, USA) (CHI ’20). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1145/3313831.3376234
- Young-Woo Park and Tek-Jin Nam. 2013. POKE: A New Way of Sharing Emotional Touches during Phone Conversations. In CHI ’13 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems (Paris, France) (CHI EA ’13). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 2859–2860. https://doi.org/10.1145/2468356.2479548
- Gulnar Rakhmetulla and Ahmed Sabbir Arif. 2023. Crownboard: A One-Finger Crown-Based Smartwatch Keyboard for Users with Limited Dexterity. In Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (Hamburg, Germany) (CHI ’23). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, Article 46, 22 pages. https://doi.org/10.1145/3544548.3580770
- Designing Emotional Expressions of Conversational States for Voice Assistants: Modality and Engagement. In Extended Abstracts of the 2018 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (Montreal QC, Canada) (CHI EA ’18). 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1145/3170427.3188560
- AniSAM & AniAvatar: Animated Visualizations of Affective States. 4828–4837.
- Telegram. 2023. Messenger. https://telegram.org/
- The illusion of life: Disney animation. Hyperion New York.
- Bringing Lou to Life: A Study in Creating Lou. In ACM SIGGRAPH 2017 Talks (Los Angeles, California) (SIGGRAPH ’17). Article 1, 2 pages. https://doi.org/10.1145/3084363.3085089
- Social signal processing: Survey of an emerging domain. Image and vision computing 27, 12 (2009), 1743–1759.
- Communicating Emotions in Online Chat Using Physiological Sensors and Animated Text. In CHI ’04 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems (Vienna, Austria) (CHI EA ’04). 1171–1174. https://doi.org/10.1145/985921.986016
- Keep in Touch: Channel, Expectation and Experience. Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 139–148. https://doi.org/10.1145/2207676.2207697
- Enhancing Social Messaging with Mediated Social Touch. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction 0, 0 (2022), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1080/10447318.2022.2148883 arXiv:https://doi.org/10.1080/10447318.2022.2148883
- Sarah Wiseman and Sandy J. J. Gould. 2018. Repurposing Emoji for Personalised Communication: Why Pizza-emoji Means “I Love You”. In Proceedings of the 2018 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (Montreal QC, Canada) (CHI ’18). 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1145/3173574.3173726
- Creating Emordle: Animating Word Cloud for Emotion Expression. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics (2023), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1109/TVCG.2023.3286392
- A social emotion classification approach using multi-model fusion. Future Generation Computer Systems 102 (2020), 347–356. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.future.2019.07.007
- Affective Profile Pictures: Exploring the Effects of Changing Facial Expressions in Profile Pictures on Text-Based Communication. In Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (Hamburg, Germany) (CHI ’23). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, Article 270, 17 pages. https://doi.org/10.1145/3544548.3581061
- ProxiTalk: Activate Speech Input by Bringing Smartphone to the Mouth. Proc. ACM Interact. Mob. Wearable Ubiquitous Technol. 3, 3, Article 118 (sep 2019), 25 pages. https://doi.org/10.1145/3351276
- Temporal Modeling Matters: A Novel Temporal Emotional Modeling Approach for Speech Emotion Recognition. In ICASSP 2023 - 2023 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP). 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICASSP49357.2023.10096370
- Speech-Text Pre-training for Spoken Dialog Understanding with Explicit Cross-Modal Alignment. In Proceedings of the 61st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers). Association for Computational Linguistics, Toronto, Canada, 7900–7913. https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2023.acl-long.438
- Using Student Annotated Hashtags and Emojis to Collect Nuanced Affective States. In Proceedings of the Fourth (2017) ACM Conference on Learning @ Scale (Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA) (L@S ’17). 319–322. https://doi.org/10.1145/3051457.3054014
- Touch without Touching: Overcoming Social Distancing in Semi-Intimate Relationships with SansTouch. In Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (Yokohama, Japan) (CHI ’21). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, Article 651, 13 pages. https://doi.org/10.1145/3411764.3445612
- VisualTouch: Enhancing Affective Touch Communication with Multi-Modality Stimulation. In 2019 International Conference on Multimodal Interaction (Suzhou, China) (ICMI ’19). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 114–123. https://doi.org/10.1145/3340555.3353733
- Goodbye Text, Hello Emoji: Mobile Communication on WeChat in China. 748–759.