Energy- and Quality-Aware Video Request Policy for Wireless Adaptive Streaming Clients (2402.06050v1)
Abstract: We present a straightforward, non-intrusive adaptive bit rate streaming segment quality selection policy which aims at extending battery lifetime during playback while limiting the impact on the user's quality of experience, thus benefiting consumers of video streaming services. This policy relies on the relationship between the available channel bandwidth and the bit rate of the representations in the quality ladder. It results from the characterization of the energy consumed by smartphones when running adaptive streaming client applications for different network connections (Wifi, 4G, and 5G) and the modeling of the energy consumed as a function of said relationship. Results show that a significant amount of energy can be saved (10 to 30%) by slightly modifying the default policy at the expense of a controlled reduction of video quality.
- Cisco, “Cisco visual networking index: Forecast and trends, 2017–2022,” https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/solutions/collateral/service-provider/visual-networking-index-vni/white-paper-c11-741490.pdf, Accessed: 2020-07-20.
- MPAA, “A comprehensive analysis and survey of the theatrical and home entertainment market environment (theme) for 2019,” https://www.motionpictures.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/MPA-THEME-2019.pdf, Accessed: 2020-07-20.
- Newzoo, “Global mobile market report 2019,” https://newzoo.com/insights/trend-reports/newzoo-global-mobile-market-report-2019-light-version/, Accessed: 2020-07-20.
- S. Doyle, “More than 75% of worldwide video viewing is mobile,” https://www.emarketer.com/newsroom/index.php/threequarters-video-viewing-mobile/, Accessed: 2020-07-20.
- T. Coughlin and I. C. E. S. Future Directions Committee, “A Moore’s Law for Mobile Energy: Improving upon conventional batteries and energy sources for mobile devices,” IEEE Consum. Electron. Mag., vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 74–82, Jan. 2015.
- H. Burrell, “Best battery life phone 2019,” https://www.techadvisor.co.uk/test-centre/mobile-phone/best-battery-life-phone-3679230/, Accessed: 2020-07-20.
- J. Wu, K. Wu, and M. Wang, “Power-constrained quality optimization for mobile video chatting with coding-transmission adaptation,” IEEE Trans. Mobile Comput., pp. 1–1, 2020.
- E. Kim, H. Jeong, J. Yang, and M. Song, “Balancing energy use against video quality in mobile devices,” IEEE Trans. Consum. Electron., vol. 60, no. 3, pp. 517–524, Aug. 2014.
- J. Edstrom, Y. Gong, A. A. Haidous, B. Humphrey, M. E. Mccourt, Y. Xu, J. Wang, and N. Gong, “Content-adaptive memory for viewer-aware energy-quality scalable mobile video systems,” IEEE Access, vol. 7, pp. 47 479–47 493, 2019.
- T. Mallikarachchi, D. S. Talagala, H. K. Arachchi, and A. Fernando, “Decoding-Complexity-Aware HEVC Encoding Using a Complexity–Rate–Distortion Model,” IEEE Trans. Consum. Electron., vol. 64, no. 1, pp. 35–43, Feb. 2018.
- L. Muñoz, C. Díaz, M. Orduna, J. I. Ronda, P. Pérez, I. Benito and N. García, “Methodology for fine-grained monitoring of the quality perceived by users on 360vr contents,” Digital Signal Process., vol. 100, p. 102706, 2020.
- J.-S. Leu, M.-C. Yu, C.-Y. Liu, A. P. B. Budiarsa, and V. Utomo, “Energy efficient streaming for smartphone by video adaptation and backlight control,” Computer Netw., vol. 113, pp. 111 – 123, 2017.
- Z. Yan and C. W. Chen, “Rnb: Rate and brightness adaptation for rate-distortion-energy tradeoff in http adaptive streaming over mobile devices,” in Proc. 22nd Annual Int. Conf. Mobile Comput. and Netw., ser. MobiCom ’16, 2016, p. 308–319.
- A. M. Groba, P. J. Lobo, and M. Chavarrías, “QoE-Aware Dual Control System to Guarantee Battery Lifetime for Mobile Video Applications,” IEEE Trans. Consum. Electron., vol. 65, no. 4, pp. 454–463, Nov. 2019.
- Q. Tang, A. M. Groba, E. Juárez, and C. Sanz, “Closed-loop power-control governor for multimedia mobile devices,” IEEE Trans. Consum. Electron., vol. 63, no. 2, pp. 153–161, May 2017.
- A. M. Groba, P. J. Lobo, and M. Chavarrías, “Closed-loop system to guarantee battery lifetime for mobile video applications,” IEEE Trans. Consum. Electron., vol. 65, no. 1, pp. 18–27, Jan. 2019.
- S. G. Lee, J. Park, and H. Kim, “A user-side energy-saving video streaming scheme for lte devices,” IEEE Commun. Lett., vol. 19, no. 6, pp. 965–968, 2015.
- L. Zou, R. Trestian, and G. Muntean, “E3doas: Balancing qoe and energy-saving for multi-device adaptation in future mobile wireless video delivery,” IEEE Trans. Broadcast., vol. 64, no. 1, pp. 26–40, 2018.
- M. Zhao, B. Jia, J. Wang, M. Wu, and H. Yu, “Performance optimization on dynamic adaptive streaming over http in multi-user mimo lte networks,” IEEE Trans. Mobile Comput., vol. 17, no. 12, pp. 2853–2867, 2018.
- Y. Go, O. C. Kwon, and H. Song, “An energy-efficient http adaptive video streaming with networking cost constraint over heterogeneous wireless networks,” IEEE Trans. Multimedia, vol. 17, no. 9, pp. 1646–1657, 2015.
- Y. Yang, W. Hu, X. Chen, and G. Cao, “Energy-aware cpu frequency scaling for mobile video streaming,” IEEE Trans. Mobile Comput., vol. 18, no. 11, pp. 2536–2548, 2019.
- S. Petrangeli, P. Van Staey, M. Claeys, T. Wauters, and F. De Turck, “Energy-aware quality adaptation for mobile video streaming,” in 12th Int. Conf. Netw. and Service Manag. (CNSM), Oct. 2016, pp. 253–257.
- J. Koo, J. Yi, J. Kim, M. A. Hoque, and S. Choi, “Seamless dynamic adaptive streaming in lte/wi-fi integrated network under smartphone resource constraints,” IEEE Trans. Mobile Comput., vol. 18, no. 7, pp. 1647–1660, 2019.
- S. Jo, W. Yoo, and J. Chung, “Video Quality Adaptation for Extended Playback Time on Mobile Devices With Limited Energy,” IEEE Commun. Lett., vol. 22, no. 6, pp. 1260–1263, Jun. 2018.
- R. Trestian, A. Moldovan, O. Ormond, and G. Muntean, “Energy consumption analysis of video streaming to Android mobile devices,” in IEEE Netw. Operations and Manag. Symp., Apr. 2012, pp. 444–452.
- Blender Foundation, “Tears of steel,” https://mango.blender.org/, Accessed: 2020-06-10.
- ISO/IEC 23009-1:2019, “Dynamic adaptive streaming over HTTP (DASH) — Part 1: Media presentation description and segment formats,” 2019.
- M. A. Hoque, M. Siekkinen, J. K. Nurminen, and M. Aalto, “Dissecting mobile video services: An energy consumption perspective,” in 2013 IEEE 14th Int. Symp. ”A World of Wireless, Mobile and Multimedia Netw.” (WoWMoM), 2013, pp. 1–11.
- Z. Wang, A. C. Bovik, H. R. Sheikh, and E. P. Simoncelli, “Image quality assessment: from error visibility to structural similarity,” IEEE Trans. Image Process., vol. 13, no. 4, pp. 600–612, 2004.
- Z. Li, A. Aaron, I. Katsavounidis, A. Moorthy, and M. Manohara, “Toward A Practical Perceptual Video Quality Metric,” https://medium.com/netflix-techblog/toward-a-practical-perceptual-video-quality-metric-653f208b9652, Accessed: 2020-07-20.
- Netflix, “VMAF - Video Multi-Method Assessment Fusion,” https://github.com/Netflix/vmaf, Accessed: 2020-06-10.
- M. Cámara, C. Díaz, J. Casal, J. Ruano, and N. García, “Perceptually Equivalent Resolution in Handheld Devices for Streaming Bandwidth Saving,” IEEE Signal Process. Lett., vol. 26, no. 6, pp. 878–882, Jun. 2019.