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Multilingual Gradient Word-Order Typology from Universal Dependencies (2402.01513v1)

Published 2 Feb 2024 in cs.CL

Abstract: While information from the field of linguistic typology has the potential to improve performance on NLP tasks, reliable typological data is a prerequisite. Existing typological databases, including WALS and Grambank, suffer from inconsistencies primarily caused by their categorical format. Furthermore, typological categorisations by definition differ significantly from the continuous nature of phenomena, as found in natural language corpora. In this paper, we introduce a new seed dataset made up of continuous-valued data, rather than categorical data, that can better reflect the variability of language. While this initial dataset focuses on word-order typology, we also present the methodology used to create the dataset, which can be easily adapted to generate data for a broader set of features and languages.

Citations (2)

Summary

  • The paper introduces a gradient approach to word-order typology by leveraging continuous data from the UD treebank, offering a nuanced perspective over traditional categorical methods.
  • It employs regression-based models to predict typological features, with linear regression outperforming logistic regression in key error metrics.
  • The study highlights the importance of capturing natural language variability through gradient data, paving the way for more refined NLP applications.

Introduction

The field of linguistic typology has been instrumental in characterizing the world's languages and providing valuable insights that can aid NLP tasks. One area that has been challenged by inconsistencies is the categorization of word-order typology within typological databases, such as WALS and Grambank. These discrepancies arise from categorical data representations lacking a nuanced reflection of natural language variability. A novel approach that handles these categorizations continuously aims to mitigate these issues, as presented by Emi Baylor, Esther Ploeger, and Johannes Bjerva. This blog post explores their methodology, dataset, and the repercussions for both linguistic typology and NLP.

Methodology and Dataset Creation

The authors pivot away from traditional categorical methods, leveraging a seed dataset made up of continuous-valued data. This dataset notably reflects the gradience inherent in linguistic phenomena. For dataset creation, they harnessed the vast information residing in the Universal Dependencies (UD) treebank corpus. A meticulous process counted the occurrences of word-order configurations such as Noun-Adjective and Adjective-Noun, across multiple languages, to manifest a gradient representation of language typology. This approach revealed a nuanced understanding of language patterns, dismantling the limitations imposed by categorical datasets.

Modelling and Results

Baylor et al. proposed a paradigm shift in tackling typological prediction tasks within NLP through regression-based models rather than traditional logistic regression. Their cross-comparison of logistic and linear regression models revealed that continuous gradient representations could improve prediction accuracy when dealing with typological features. The results showed linear regression models frequently outperforming logistic regression models in terms of mean squared error and r score, thereby validating the efficacy of the gradient approach.

Ethical Considerations and Conclusion

The research underscored the importance of gradient data for reliably capturing the essence of natural language variability. The authors also acknowledged that while the creation and application of such datasets hold promise, they have limitations such as the current small size and scope of the dataset. Moreover, the paper ends on a note of ethical responsibility, recognizing the impact on language communities that the evolving landscape of language technologies could have.

Overall, by advocating for data-driven and gradient solutions, this work challenges the dominant categorical paradigm in linguistic typology and paves the way for more nuanced and informative NLP models. The introduction of a regression-based typology prediction task might accelerate the integration of more refined typological features into NLP applications, potentially improving language technology for a broader spectrum of world languages.

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