Equilibrium preserving space in discontinuous Galerkin methods for hyperbolic balance laws (2402.01131v1)
Abstract: In this paper, we develop a general framework for the design of the arbitrary high-order well-balanced discontinuous Galerkin (DG) method for hyperbolic balance laws, including the compressible Euler equations with gravitation and the shallow water equations with horizontal temperature gradients (referred to as the Ripa model). Not only the hydrostatic equilibrium including the more complicated isobaric steady state in Ripa system, but our scheme is also well-balanced for the exact preservation of the moving equilibrium state. The strategy adopted is to approximate the equilibrium variables in the DG piecewise polynomial space, rather than the conservative variables, which is pivotal in the well-balanced property. Our approach provides flexibility in combination with any consistent numerical flux, and it is free of the reference equilibrium state recovery and the special source term treatment. This approach enables the construction of a well-balanced method for non-hydrostatic equilibria in Euler systems. Extensive numerical examples such as moving or isobaric equilibria validate the high order accuracy and exact equilibrium preservation for various flows given by hyperbolic balance laws. With a relatively coarse mesh, it is also possible to capture small perturbations at or close to steady flow without numerical oscillations.
- High order discretely well-balanced methods for arbitrary hydrostatic atmospheres. Commun. Comput. Phys., 30(3):666–708, 2021.
- A. Bermudez and M. E. Vazquez. Upwind methods for hyperbolic conservation laws with source terms. Comput. Fluids, 23(8):1049–1071, 1994.
- Well balanced finite volume methods for nearly hydrostatic flows. J. Comput. Phys., 196(2):539–565, 2004.
- J. Britton and Y. Xing. High order still-water and moving-water equilibria preserving discontinuous Galerkin methods for the Ripa model. J. Sci. Comput., 82:1–37, 2020.
- M. J. Castro and C. Parés. Well-balanced high-order finite volume methods for systems of balance laws. J. Sci. Comput, 82(2):1–48, 2020.
- Central schemes for nonconservative hyperbolic systems. SIAM J. Sci. Comput., 34(5):B523–B558, 2012.
- P. Chandrashekar and C. Klingenberg. A second order well-balanced finite volume scheme for Euler equations with gravity. SIAM J. Sci. Comput., 37(3):B382–B402, 2015.
- Well-balanced schemes for the Euler equations with gravitation: Conservative formulation using global fluxes. J. Comput. Phys., 358:36–52, 2018.
- Central-upwind schemes for the system of shallow water equations with horizontal temperature gradients. Numerische Mathematik, 127(4):595–639, 2014.
- The Runge-Kutta local projection discontinuous Galerkin finite element method for conservation laws. IV. The multidimensional case. Math. Comput., 54(190):545–581, 1990.
- TVB Runge-Kutta local projection discontinuous Galerkin finite element method for conservation laws. III: one-dimensional systems. J. Comput. Phys., 84(1):90–113, 1989.
- B. Cockburn and C.-W. Shu. TVB Runge-Kutta local projection discontinuous Galerkin finite element method for conservation laws. II. General framework. Math. Comput., 52(186):411–435, 1989.
- B. Cockburn and C.-W. Shu. The Runge-Kutta discontinuous Galerkin method for conservation laws V: multidimensional systems. J. Comput. Phys., 141(2):199–224, 1998.
- J. Dong and X. Qian. Well-balanced and positivity-preserving surface reconstruction schemes solving Ripa systems with nonflat bottom topography. SIAM J. Sci. Comput., 44(5):A3098–A3129, 2022.
- A well-balanced discontinuous Galerkin method for the first–order Z4 formulation of the Einstein–Euler system. arXiv preprint arXiv:2307.06629, 2023.
- A well balanced finite volume scheme for general relativity. SIAM J. Sci. Comput., 43(6):B1226–B1251, 2021.
- D. Ghosh and E. M. Constantinescu. Well-balanced, conservative finite difference algorithm for atmospheric flows. AIAA Journal, 54(4):1370–1385, 2016.
- High-order well-balanced methods for systems of balance laws: a control-based approach. Appl. Math. Comput., 394:125820, 2021.
- Collocation methods for high-order well-balanced methods for systems of balance laws. Mathematics, 9(15):1799, 2021.
- L. Grosheintz-Laval and R. Käppeli. High-order well-balanced finite volume schemes for the Euler equations with gravitation. J. Comput. Phys., 378:324–343, 2019.
- L. Grosheintz-Laval and R. Käppeli. Well-balanced finite volume schemes for nearly steady adiabatic flows. J. Comput. Phys., 423:109805, 2020.
- Well-balanced high-order discontinuous Galerkin methods for systems of balance laws. Mathematics, 10(1):15, 2021.
- X. Han and G. Li. Well-balanced finite difference WENO schemes for the Ripa model. Comput. Fluids, 134:1–10, 2016.
- A new finite element formulation for CFD: I. symmetric forms of the compressible Euler and Navier-Stokes equations and the second law of thermodynamics. Comp. Meth. Appl. Mech. Engrg, 54:223–234, 1986.
- R. Käppeli and S. Mishra. Well-balanced schemes for the Euler equations with gravitation. J. Comput. Phys., 259:199–219, 2014.
- R. Käppeli and S. Mishra. A well-balanced finite volume scheme for the Euler equations with gravitation-the exact preservation of hydrostatic equilibrium with arbitrary entropy stratification. Astron. Astrophys., 587:A94, 2016.
- Arbitrary order finite volume well-balanced schemes for the Euler equations with gravity. SIAM J. Sci. Comput., 41(2):A695–A721, 2019.
- Fluid Mechanics, volume 6. Pergamon, Course of Theoretical Physics, second edition, 1987.
- R. J. LeVeque. Balancing source terms and flux gradients in high-resolution Godunov methods: the quasi-steady wave-propagation algorithm. J. Comput. Phys., 146(1):346–365, 1998.
- Wave Propagation Methods for Conservation Laws with Source Terms. In R. Jeltsch and M. Fey, editors, Hyperbolic Problems: Theory, Numerics, Applications, pages 609–618. Birkhäuser Basel, 1999.
- G. Li and Y. Xing. High order finite volume WENO schemes for the Euler equations under gravitational fields. J. Comput. Phys., 316:145–163, 2016.
- G. Li and Y. Xing. Well-balanced discontinuous Galerkin methods for the Euler equations under gravitational fields. J. Sci. Comput, 67(2):493–513, 2016.
- G. Li and Y. Xing. Well-balanced discontinuous Galerkin methods with hydrostatic reconstruction for the Euler equations with gravitation. J. Comput. Phys., 352:445–462, 2018.
- G. Li and Y. Xing. Well-balanced finite difference weighted essentially non-oscillatory schemes for the Euler equations with static gravitational fields. Comput. Math. with Appl., 75(6):2071–2085, 2018.
- A High-Order Well-Balanced Discontinuous Galerkin Method Based on the Hydrostatic Reconstruction for the Ripa Model. Adv. Appl. Math. Mech., 12(6):1416–1437, 2020.
- P. Li and Z. Gao. Simple high order well-balanced finite difference WENO schemes for the Euler equations under gravitational fields. J. Comput. Phys., 437:110341, 2021.
- Y. Mantri and S. Noelle. Well-balanced discontinuous Galerkin scheme for 2×\times×2 hyperbolic balance law. J. Comput. Phys., 429:110011, 2021.
- High-order well-balanced finite volume WENO schemes for shallow water equation with moving water. J. Comput. Phys., 226(1):29–58, 2007.
- C. Parés and C. Parés-Pulido. Well-balanced high-order finite difference methods for systems of balance laws. J. Comput. Phys., 425:109880, 2021.
- High order well-balanced discontinuous Galerkin methods for shallow water flow under temperature fields. Comput. Appl. Math., 37(5):5775–5794, 2018.
- P. Ripa. Conservation laws for primitive equations models with inhomogeneous layers. Geophys. Astrophys. Fluid Dyn., 70(1-4):85–111, 1993.
- P. L. Roe. Approximate Riemann solvers, parameter vectors, and difference schemes. J. Comput. Phys., 43(2):357–372, 1981.
- A HLLC scheme for Ripa model. Appl. Math. Comput., 272:369–384, 2016.
- Restoration of the contact surface in the HLL-Riemann solver. Shock waves, 4:25–34, 1994.
- R. Touma and C. Klingenberg. Well-balanced central finite volume methods for the Ripa system. Appl. Numer. Math., 97:42–68, 2015.
- Well-balanced unstaggered central schemes for the Euler equations with gravitation. SIAM J. Sci. Comput., 38(5):B773–B807, 2016.
- D. Varma and P. Chandrashekar. A second-order, discretely well-balanced finite volume scheme for Euler equations with gravity. Comput. Fluids, 181:292–313, 2019.
- K. Wu and Y. Xing. Uniformly high-order structure-preserving discontinuous Galerkin methods for Euler equations with gravitation: Positivity and well-balancedness. SIAM J. Sci. Comput., 43(1):A472–A510, 2021.
- Y. Xing. Exactly well-balanced discontinuous Galerkin methods for the shallow water equations with moving water equilibrium. J. Comput. Phys., 257:536–553, 2014.
- Moving water equilibria preserving discontinuous Galerkin method for the shallow water equations. J. Sci. Comput., 95:48, 2023.
- High-order positivity-preserving well-balanced discontinuous Galerkin methods for Euler equations with gravitation on unstructured meshes. Commun. Comput. Phys., 31(3):771–815, 2022.