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VR-GS: A Physical Dynamics-Aware Interactive Gaussian Splatting System in Virtual Reality (2401.16663v2)

Published 30 Jan 2024 in cs.HC and cs.CV

Abstract: As consumer Virtual Reality (VR) and Mixed Reality (MR) technologies gain momentum, there's a growing focus on the development of engagements with 3D virtual content. Unfortunately, traditional techniques for content creation, editing, and interaction within these virtual spaces are fraught with difficulties. They tend to be not only engineering-intensive but also require extensive expertise, which adds to the frustration and inefficiency in virtual object manipulation. Our proposed VR-GS system represents a leap forward in human-centered 3D content interaction, offering a seamless and intuitive user experience. By developing a physical dynamics-aware interactive Gaussian Splatting in a Virtual Reality setting, and constructing a highly efficient two-level embedding strategy alongside deformable body simulations, VR-GS ensures real-time execution with highly realistic dynamic responses. The components of our Virtual Reality system are designed for high efficiency and effectiveness, starting from detailed scene reconstruction and object segmentation, advancing through multi-view image in-painting, and extending to interactive physics-based editing. The system also incorporates real-time deformation embedding and dynamic shadow casting, ensuring a comprehensive and engaging virtual experience.Our project page is available at: https://yingjiang96.github.io/VR-GS/.

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Citations (50)
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Summary

  • The paper presents a novel VR system that fuses physical dynamics with Gaussian splatting to enable real-time, interactive 3D content manipulation.
  • It employs a two-level deformation embedding approach using local tetrahedron and global simulation meshes to ensure smooth dynamic transitions.
  • VR-GS outperforms comparable methods by achieving competitive rendering quality at over 30 FPS, minimizing computational load and complexity.

Overview of VR-GS: A Physical Dynamics-Aware Interactive Gaussian Splatting System in Virtual Reality

The paper, "VR-GS: A Physical Dynamics-Aware Interactive Gaussian Splatting System in Virtual Reality," presents a novel approach for interactive 3D content manipulation using Gaussian splatting (GS) within virtual reality (VR) environments. The authors aimed to address the complexities and inefficiencies associated with traditional 3D content creation and interaction techniques, which require significant expertise and are often labor-intensive. By integrating physical dynamics awareness into Gaussian splatting, the proposed VR-GS system offers a more seamless and intuitive user experience.

The core innovation of VR-GS lies in its ability to provide real-time interactive manipulation of 3D content through Gaussian splats, which are a set of 3D anisotropic Gaussian kernels used to explicitly represent scenes. These kernels are coupled with a two-level embedding strategy and deformable body simulations to maintain high frame rates and realistic dynamic responses. This method eliminates the need for high-fidelity meshes, UV maps, and textures, thereby simplifying direct geometry manipulation.

The authors present a comprehensive system that includes detailed scene reconstruction, object segmentation, multi-view image in-painting, and physics-based interactive editing. A significant contribution is the implementation of a two-level deformation embedding approach, where Gaussian kernels are embedded within a local tetrahedron mesh, subsequently embedded into a global simulation mesh. This method avoids spiky deformation artifacts by providing smoother transitions during dynamic interactions.

Key Claims and Numerical Results

One of the paper's bold assertions is that VR-GS can deliver physically plausible interactions at real-time frame rates, outperforming existing methods like PAC-NeRF and PhysGaussian in terms of performance and visual quality. The system achieves competitive rendering quality akin to PhysGaussian but at significantly lower computational costs by leveraging a position-based dynamics (PBD) simulator instead of more computationally heavy methods like the Material Point Method (MPM).

The performance benchmarks highlight VR-GS's capability to maintain high frame rates across various scenarios, achieving over 30 FPS in most cases, which is critical for immersive VR applications. The paper demonstrates a balance between maintaining scene fidelity and enabling real-time interaction, effectively broadening the scope of interactive VR applications.

Practical and Theoretical Implications

Practically, VR-GS introduces an efficient framework for generating and manipulating 3D content, making high-quality virtual environments accessible to non-experts and facilitating applications in entertainment, education, and design. The integration of intuitive physics-based interactions could revolutionize how users engage with VR content, offering more natural and immersive experiences.

Theoretically, the work advances the field of computer graphics by combining explicit rendering techniques with dynamic physical simulations in a unified system. This integration opens avenues for further research into optimizing neural representations for interactive applications, potentially bridging the gap between static scene representation and dynamic content interaction.

Future Prospects

Looking forward, VR-GS sets a precedent for future developments in AI-driven graphics systems. Advancements might focus on enhancing the adaptability and scalability of the system to accommodate more complex interactions and a broader variety of materials, such as fluids and soft bodies. Incorporating machine learning models for automated parameter tuning and scene adaptation could further streamline the content creation process. Moreover, exploring distributed computing strategies could alleviate performance constraints, enabling larger and more complex virtual worlds.

In conclusion, the VR-GS system offers a meaningful contribution to the development of interactive 3D content manipulation, combining the strengths of Gaussian splatting and physics-based simulation to deliver an efficient, high-fidelity VR experience. This work underscores the potential for novel approaches in VR to enhance user interaction and engagement, paving the way for more dynamic and accessible virtual environments.

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  1. VR-GS: A Physical Dynamics-Aware Interactive Gaussian Splatting System in Virtual Reality