Exploring Conversational Agents as an Effective Tool for Measuring Cognitive Biases in Decision-Making (2401.06686v1)
Abstract: Heuristics and cognitive biases are an integral part of human decision-making. Automatically detecting a particular cognitive bias could enable intelligent tools to provide better decision-support. Detecting the presence of a cognitive bias currently requires a hand-crafted experiment and human interpretation. Our research aims to explore conversational agents as an effective tool to measure various cognitive biases in different domains. Our proposed conversational agent incorporates a bias measurement mechanism that is informed by the existing experimental designs and various experimental tasks identified in the literature. Our initial experiments to measure framing and loss-aversion biases indicate that the conversational agents can be effectively used to measure the biases.
- G. Gigerenzer and H. Brighton, “Homo Heuristicus: Why Biased Minds Make Better Inferences,” Topics in Cognitive Science, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 107–143, 2009, _eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1756-8765.2008.01006.x. [Online]. Available: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1756-8765.2008.01006.x
- D. Kahneman and S. Frederick, “A Model of Heuristic Judgment,” in The Cambridge handbook of thinking and reasoning. New York, NY, US: Cambridge University Press, 2005, pp. 267–293.
- C. R. Carter, L. Kaufmann, and A. Michel, “Behavioral supply management: A taxonomy of judgment and decision-making biases,” International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management, vol. 37, no. 8, pp. 631–669, Sep. 2007.
- M. Weinmann, C. Schneider, and J. Vom Brocke, “Digital nudging,” Business & Information Systems Engineering, vol. 58, no. 6, p. 433–436.
- T. Mirsch, C. Lehrer, and R. Jung, “Digital nudging: Altering user behavior in digital environments,” in Proceedings der 13. Internationalen Tagung Wirtschaftsinformatik (WI 2017, p. 634–648.
- M. Recasens, C. Danescu-Niculescu-Mizil, and D. Jurafsky, “Linguistic models for analyzing and detecting biased language,” in Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers), 2013, pp. 1650–1659.
- E. Ert and I. Erev, “On the descriptive value of loss aversion in decisions under risk: Six clarifications,” Judgment and Decision making, vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 214–235, 2013.
- M. McShane, S. Nirenburg, and B. Jarrell, “Modeling decision-making biases,” Biologically Inspired Cognitive Architectures, vol. 3, pp. 39–50, 2013.
- A. Gulati, M. A. Lozano, B. Lepri, and N. Oliver, “Biased: Bringing irrationality into automated system design,” arXiv preprint arXiv:2210.01122, 2022.
- D. Jung, E. Erdfelder, and F. Glaser, “Nudged to win: Designing robo-advisory to overcome decision inertia,” in Proceedings of the 26th European conference on information systems. ECIS.
- C. Stryja and G. Satzger, “Digital nudging to overcome cognitive resistance in innovation adoption decisions,” The Service Industries Journal, vol. 39, no. 15-16, pp. 1123–1139, 2019.
- A. Rieger, M. Theune, and N. Tintarev, “Toward natural language mitigation strategies for cognitive biases in recommender systems,” in 2nd workshop on interactive natural language technology for explainable artificial intelligence, 2020, pp. 50–54.
- I. Seeber, E. Bittner, R. O. Briggs, T. De Vreede, G.-J. De Vreede, A. Elkins, R. Maier, A. B. Merz, S. Oeste-Reiß, N. Randrup et al., “Machines as teammates: A research agenda on ai in team collaboration,” Information & management, vol. 57, no. 2, p. 103174, 2020.
- J. M. Echterhoff, M. Yarmand, and J. McAuley, “AI-Moderated Decision-Making: Capturing and Balancing Anchoring Bias in Sequential Decision Tasks,” in Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, ser. CHI ’22. New York, NY, USA: Association for Computing Machinery, Apr. 2022, pp. 1–9. [Online]. Available: https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3491102.3517443
- L. Reicherts, G. W. Park, and Y. Rogers, “Extending chatbots to probe users: Enhancing complex decision-making through probing conversations,” in Proceedings of the 4th Conference on Conversational User Interfaces, 2022, pp. 1–10.
- M. Weinmann, C. Schneider, and J. v. Brocke, “Digital nudging,” Business & Information Systems Engineering, vol. 58, pp. 433–436, 2016.
- C. Schneider, M. Weinmann, and J. Vom Brocke, “Digital nudging: guiding online user choices through interface design,” Communications of the ACM, vol. 61, no. 7, pp. 67–73, 2018.
- T. Mirsch, C. Lehrer, and R. Jung, “Digital nudging: Altering user behavior in digital environments,” Proceedings der 13. Internationalen Tagung Wirtschaftsinformatik (WI 2017), pp. 634–648, 2017.
- S. Mills, “Personalized nudging,” Behavioural Public Policy, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 150–159, 2022.
- T. J. Barev, M. Schwede, and A. Janson, “The dark side of privacy nudging–an experimental study in the context of a digital work environment,” in Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS), vol. 54, 2021.
- C. Gena, P. Grillo, A. Lieto, C. Mattutino, and F. Vernero, “When personalization is not an option: an in-the-wild study on persuasive news recommendation,” Information, vol. 10, no. 10, p. 300, 2019.
- K. Momsen and T. Stoerk, “From intention to action: Can nudges help consumers to choose renewable energy?” Energy Policy, vol. 74, pp. 376–382, 2014.
- J. Ni, T. Young, V. Pandelea, F. Xue, and E. Cambria, “Recent advances in deep learning based dialogue systems: A systematic survey,” Artificial intelligence review, vol. 56, no. 4, pp. 3055–3155, 2023.
- S. Santhanam and S. Shaikh, “A survey of natural language generation techniques with a focus on dialogue systems-past, present and future directions,” arXiv preprint arXiv:1906.00500, 2019.
- Y. Zheng, Z. Chen, R. Zhang, S. Huang, X. Mao, and M. Huang, “Stylized dialogue response generation using stylized unpaired texts,” in AAAI, 2020. [Online]. Available: https://arxiv.org/abs/2009.12719
- J. Wei, S. Kim, H. Jung, and Y.-H. Kim, “Leveraging large language models to power chatbots for collecting user self-reported data,” arXiv preprint arXiv:2301.05843, 2023.
- L. E. Asri, H. Schulz, S. Sharma, J. Zumer, J. Harris, E. Fine, R. Mehrotra, and K. Suleman, “Frames: a corpus for adding memory to goal-oriented dialogue systems,” arXiv preprint arXiv:1704.00057, 2017.
- J. L. Nicolau, “Asymmetric tourist response to price: Loss aversion segmentation,” Journal of Travel Research, vol. 51, no. 5, pp. 568–676, 2012.
- Q. Nguyen, “Linking loss aversion and present bias with overspending behavior of tourists: Insights from a lab-in-the-field experiment,” Tourism Management, vol. 54, pp. 152–159, 2016.
- G. Gigerenzer, “The bias bias in behavioral economics,” Review of Behavioral Economics, vol. 5, no. 3-4, pp. 303–336, 2018.
- Stephen Pilli (2 papers)