Reservoir Computing with Colloidal Mixtures of ZnO and Proteinoids (2312.08130v1)
Abstract: Liquid computers use incompressible fluids for computational processes. Here we present experimental laboratory prototypes of liquid computers using colloids composed of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles and microspheres containing thermal proteins (proteinoids). The choice of proteinoids is based on their distinctive neuron-like electrical behaviour and their similarity to protocells. In addition, ZnO nanoparticles are chosen for their non-trivial electrical properties. Our research demonstrates the successful extraction of 2-, 4- and 8-bit logic functions in ZnO proteinoid colloids. Our analysis shows that each material has a distinct set of logic functions, and that the complexity of the expressions is directly related to each material present in a mixture. These findings provide a basis for the development of future hybris liquid devices capable of general purpose computing.
- Arnold Emch “Two Hydraulic Methods to Extract the n th Root of any Number” In The American Mathematical Monthly 8.1 Taylor & Francis, 1901, pp. 10–12
- D. Gibb “The instrumental solution of numerical equations” In Modern Instruments and Methods of Calculation: a Handbook of the Napier Tercentenary Exhibition The Royal Society of Edinburgh, 1914, pp. 259–268
- AD Moore “The hydrocal” In Industrial & Engineering Chemistry 28.6 ACS Publications, 1936, pp. 704–708
- VS Luk’yanov “Hydraulic instruments for technical calculations” In Izveslia Akademia Nauk SSSR 2, 1939
- AD Moore “Fields from fluid flow mappers” In Journal of Applied Physics 20.8 Aip, 1949, pp. 790–804
- “Solving mazes using microfluidic networks” In Langmuir 19.11 ACS Publications, 2003, pp. 4714–4722
- E.V. Hobbs “Fluid amplification. 9. Logic elements.”, 1963
- Bauer Peter ““and” gate” US Patent 3,191,611 Google Patents, 1965
- Andrew Adamatzky, Benjamin De Lacy Costello and Tetsuya Asai “Reaction-diffusion computers” Elsevier, 2005
- “Liquid marble interaction gate for collision-based computing” In Materials Today 20.10 Elsevier, 2017, pp. 561–568
- Alessandro Chiolerio “Liquid Cybernetic Systems: The Fourth-Order Cybernetics” In Advanced Intelligent Systems 2.12, 2020, pp. 2000120 DOI: 10.1002/aisy.202000120
- A. Chiolerio and Marco B. Quadrelli “Smart Fluid Systems: The Advent of Autonomous Liquid Robotics” In Advanced Science 4.7, 2017, pp. 1700036 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201700036
- “Experimental Demonstration of In-Memory Computing in a Ferrofluid System” In Advanced Materials 35.23, 2023, pp. 2211406 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202211406
- “Biodegradation of the ZnO:Eu Nanoparticles in the Tissues of Adult Mouse after Alimentary Application” In Nanomedicine: Nanotechnology, Biology and Medicine 13.3, 2017, pp. 843–852 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2016.11.002
- “Repeated Temperature Modulation Epitaxy for P-Type Doping and Light-Emitting Diode Based on ZnO” In Nature Materials 4.1 Nature Publishing Group, 2005, pp. 42–46 DOI: 10.1038/nmat1284
- “A 5% Efficient Photoelectrochemical Solar Cell Based on Nanostructured ZnO Electrodes” In Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 73.1, 2002, pp. 51–58 DOI: 10.1016/s0927-0248(01)00110-6
- “ZnO Nanostructured Materials for Emerging Solar Cell Applications” In RSC Advances 10.70 Royal Society of Chemistry, 2020, pp. 42838–42859 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra07689a
- Mustafa K. A.Mohammed and Masoud Shekargoftar “Surface Treatment of ZnO Films with Carbon Nanotubes for Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells” In Sustainable Energy & Fuels 5.2 Royal Society of Chemistry, 2021, pp. 540–548 DOI: 10.1039/d0se01493a
- “The Photocatalytic Phenol Degradation Mechanism of Ag-modified ZnO Nanorods” In Journal of Materials Chemistry C 8.9 The Royal Society of Chemistry, 2020, pp. 3000–3009 DOI: 10.1039/c9tc05010h
- “ZnO As an Active and Selective Catalyst for Electrochemical Water Oxidation to Hydrogen Peroxide” In ACS Catalysis 9.5 American Chemical Society, 2019, pp. 4593–4599 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b04873
- “Stable and Efficient Quantum-Dot Light-Emitting Diodes Based on Solution-Processed Multilayer Structures” In Nature Photonics 5.9 Nature Publishing Group, 2011, pp. 543–548 DOI: 10.1038/nphoton.2011.171
- “Atomic-Scale Origin of Piezoelectricity in Wurtzite ZnO” In Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 17.12 The Royal Society of Chemistry, 2015, pp. 7857–7863 DOI: 10.1039/c4cp06094f
- “Energy Harvesting Based on Semiconducting Piezoelectric ZnO Nanostructures” In Nano Energy 1.3, 2012, pp. 342–355 DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoen.2012.02.001
- “Pyroelectric Nanogenerators for Harvesting Thermoelectric Energy” In Nano Letters 12.6 American Chemical Society, 2012, pp. 2833–2838 DOI: 10.1021/nl3003039
- “Surface Engineering of Nanostructured ZnO Surfaces” In Advanced Materials Interfaces 4.2, 2017, pp. 1600758 DOI: 10.1002/admi.201600758
- “Neuromorphic liquids, colloids, and gels: A review” In ChemPhysChem 24.1 Wiley Online Library, 2023, pp. e202200390
- “Learning in colloids: Synapse-like zno+ dmso colloid” In Neurocomputing 557 Elsevier, 2023, pp. 126710
- Noushin Raeisi Kheirabadi, Alessandro Chiolerio and Andrew Adamatzky “Pavlovian reflex in colloids” In arXiv preprint arXiv:2211.06699, 2022
- Panagiotis Mougkogiannis — and Andrew Adamatzky “Proto-Neurons from Abiotic Polypeptides” In Preprints Preprints, 2023 DOI: 10.20944/preprints202311.0064.v1
- “Light-induced spiking in proteinoids yields Boolean gates” In Materials & Design Elsevier, 2023, pp. 112460
- “Electrical spiking activity of proteinoids-ZnO colloids” In bioRxiv Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 2023, pp. 2023–07
- Andrew Adamatzky “Towards proteinoid computers. Hypothesis paper” In Biosystems 208 Elsevier, 2021, pp. 104480
- Panagiotis Mougkogiannis, Neil Phillips and Andrew Adamatzky “Transfer functions of proteinoid microspheres” In Biosystems 227 Elsevier, 2023, pp. 104892
- “Logical gates in ensembles of proteinoid microspheres” In Plos one 18.9 Public Library of Science San Francisco, CA USA, 2023, pp. e0289433
- “Low frequency electrical waves in ensembles of proteinoid microspheres” In Scientific Reports 13.1 Nature Publishing Group UK London, 2023, pp. 1992
- Andrew Adamatzky “Unconventional computing” In International Journal of General Systems 43.7 Taylor & Francis, 2014, pp. 671–672
- Kang Li Minrui Fei and GWIS Ma “Bio-inspired computational intelligence and applications” Springer, 2007
- “A Substrate-Independent Framework to Characterize Reservoir Computers” In Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 475.2226 Royal Society, 2019, pp. 20180723 DOI: 10.1098/rspa.2018.0723
- Matthew Dale, Julian F. Miller and Susan Stepney “Reservoir Computing as a Model for In-Materio Computing” In Advances in Unconventional Computing: Volume 1: Theory, Emergence, Complexity and Computation Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017, pp. 533–571 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-33924-5˙22
- “Logical circuits in colloids”, 2023 arXiv:2307.02664 [cs.ET]
- Andrew Adamatzky, Florian Huber and Jörg Schnauß “Computing on actin bundles network” In Scientific reports 9.1 Nature Publishing Group UK London, 2019, pp. 15887
- “Mining logical circuits in fungi” In Fungal Machines: Sensing and Computing with Fungi Springer, 2023, pp. 311–321
- Patrycja Makuła, Michał Pacia and Wojciech Macyk “How To Correctly Determine the Band Gap Energy of Modified Semiconductor Photocatalysts Based on UV extendashVis Spectra” In The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters 9.23 American Chemical Society, 2018, pp. 6814–6817 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b02892
- “Room-Temperature Ultraviolet Nanowire Nanolasers” In Science 292.5523 American Association for the Advancement of Science, 2001, pp. 1897–1899 DOI: 10.1126/science.1060367
- “Valence-Band Ordering in ZnO” In Physical Review B 60.4 American Physical Society, 1999, pp. 2340–2344 DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.60.2340
- “On the Optical Band Gap of Zinc Oxide” In Journal of Applied Physics 83.10, 1998, pp. 5447–5451 DOI: 10.1063/1.367375
- “Optical Band Gap Estimation of ZnO Nanorods” In Materials Research 19 ABM, ABC, ABPol, 2016, pp. 33–38 DOI: 10.1590/1980-5373-mr-2015-0612
- “Band Gap Engineered Zinc Oxide Nanostructures via a Sol extendash Gel Synthesis of Solvent Driven Shape-Controlled Crystal Growth” In RSC Advances 9.26 The Royal Society of Chemistry, 2019, pp. 14638–14648 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra02091h
- Raymond T. Tung “The Physics and Chemistry of the Schottky Barrier Height” In Applied Physics Reviews 1.1, 2014, pp. 011304 DOI: 10.1063/1.4858400
- B.Narsimha Reddy, P.Naresh Kumar and Melepurath Deepa “A Poly(3,4-Ethylenedioxypyrrole)–Au@WO3-Based Electrochromic Pseudocapacitor” In ChemPhysChem 16.2, 2015, pp. 377–389 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201402625
- “Work Function Determination of Zinc Oxide Films” In Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A: Vacuum, Surfaces, and Films 15.2, 1997, pp. 428–430 DOI: 10.1116/1.580502
- “Electron Affinity and Bandgap Optimization of Zinc Oxide for Improved Performance of ZnO/Si Heterojunction Solar Cell Using PC1D Simulations” In Electronics 8.2, 2019, pp. 238 DOI: 10.3390/electronics8020238
- “The Schottky–Mott Rule Expanded for Two-Dimensional Semiconductors: Influence of Substrate Dielectric Screening” In ACS Nano 15.9 American Chemical Society, 2021, pp. 14794–14803 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c04825
- “Highly Sensitive Implementation of Logic Gates with a Nonlinear Nanomechanical Resonator” In Physical Review Applied 15.2 American Physical Society, 2021, pp. 024058 DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevApplied.15.024058
- Behnam Kia, John.F. Lindner and William L. Ditto “Nonlinear Dynamics Based Digital Logic and Circuits” In Frontiers in Computational Neuroscience 9, 2015
- Hamdy Mohamed, Esam Abdel-Hady and W. Mohammed “Investigation of Transport Mechanism and Nanostructure of Nylon-6,6/PVA Blend Polymers” In Polymers 15, 2022, pp. 107 DOI: 10.3390/polym15010107
- Mohd Ikmar Nizam Mohamad Isa and M.N. Hafiza “Ionic Conductivity and Conduction Mechanism Studies of CMC/ Chitosan Biopolymer Blend Electrolytes” In Earth Sciences Research Journal 3, 2014, pp. 50–56
- “Background Removal from Spectra by Designing and Minimising a Non-Quadratic Cost Function” In Chemometrics and Intelligent Laboratory Systems 76.2, 2005, pp. 121–133 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemolab.2004.10.003
- “Multiple-Valued Minimization for PLA Optimization” In IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems 6.5, 1987, pp. 727–750 DOI: 10.1109/tcad.1987.1270318
- “A Comparison of Logic Minimization Strategies Using ESPRESSO: An APL Program Package for Partitioned Logic Minimization” In Proceedings of the International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, 1982, pp. 42–48