Long-range near-side correlation in $e^+e^-$ Collisions at 183-209 GeV with ALEPH Archived Data (2312.05084v3)

Abstract: The first measurement of two-particle angular correlations for charged particles with LEP-II data is presented. The study is performed using archived hadronic $e^+e^-$ data collected by ALEPH at center-of-mass energies up to 209 GeV, above the $W^+W^-$ production threshold, which provide access to unprecedented charged-particle multiplicities and more complex color-string configurations if compared to previous measurements at LEP-I energies. An intriguing long-range near-side excess is observed in the correlation function measured with respect to the thrust axis in the highest multiplicity interval $N_{\mathrm{trk}}\geq 50$. Such a structure is not predicted by the Monte-Carlo simulation. The harmonic anisotropy coefficients $v_n$, which result from the Fourier expansion of the two-particle correlation functions, were also measured for the first time in $e^+e^-$ data, and compared to PYTHIA6 predictions and to the results obtained in proton-proton collisions. The results presented in the Letter provide novel experimental constraints on the formation of collective phenomena in point-like $e^+e^-$ collisions.