Addressing the cold start problem in privacy preserving content-based recommender systems using hypercube graphs (2310.09341v1)
Abstract: The initial interaction of a user with a recommender system is problematic because, in such a so-called cold start situation, the recommender system has very little information about the user, if any. Moreover, in collaborative filtering, users need to share their preferences with the service provider by rating items while in content-based filtering there is no need for such information sharing. We have recently shown that a content-based model that uses hypercube graphs can determine user preferences with a very limited number of ratings while better preserving user privacy. In this paper, we confirm these findings on the basis of experiments with more than 1,000 users in the restaurant and movie domains. We show that the proposed method outperforms standard machine learning algorithms when the number of available ratings is at most 10, which often happens, and is competitive with larger training sets. In addition, training is simple and does not require large computational efforts.
- Toward the next generation of recommender systems: a survey of the state-of-the-art and possible extensions. IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering 17, 6 (2005), 734–749.
- Aggarwal, C. C. Recommender Systems - The Textbook. Springer, 2016, pp. 1–166.
- Metric dimension of bounded width graphs. In Mathematical Foundations of Computer Science 2015 (Berlin, Heidelberg, 2015), G. F. Italiano, G. Pighizzini, and D. T. Sannella, Eds., Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 115–126.
- Mediation of user models for enhanced personalization in recommender systems. User Modelling and User-Adapted Interaction (2008), 245–286.
- Cross-representation mediation of user models. User Modelling and User-Adapted Interaction 19, 1-2 (2009), 35–63.
- The continuous cold start problem in e-commerce recommender systems. In CEUR Workshop Proceedings (2015), vol. 1448, pp. 30–33.
- Burke, R. Hybrid web recommender systems. In The Adaptive Web: Methods and Strategies of Web Personalization. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2007, pp. 377–408.
- Buskirk, T. Surveying the forests and sampling the trees: An overview of classification and regression trees and random forests with applications in survey research. Survey Practice 11 (01 2018), 1–13.
- A comprehensive survey of graph embedding: Problems, techniques, and applications. IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering 30 (2018), 1616–1637.
- Hybrid recommender systems: A systematic literature review. Intell. Data Anal. 21, 6 (2017), 1487–1524.
- Time-aware smart object recommendation in social internet of things. IEEE Internet of Things Journal 7, 3 (2020), 2014–2027.
- Recommendation system based on deep learning methods: a systematic review and new directions. Artificial Intelligence Review 53 (2020), 2709–2748.
- Mamo: Memory-augmented meta-optimization for cold-start recommendation. In Proceedings of the 26th ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (New York, NY, USA, 2020), KDD ’20, Association for Computing Machinery, pp. 688–697.
- Graph neural networks for social recommendation. In The World Wide Web Conference, WWW ’19 (2019), pp. 417–426.
- Attentive aspect modeling for review-aware recommendation. ACM Trans. Inf. Syst. 37, 3 (2019), 1–27. article no. 28.
- Evaluating recommender systems. In Recommender Systems Handbook. Springer US, New York, NY, 2022, pp. 547–601.
- Handling user cold start problem in recommender systems using fuzzy clustering. In Information and Communication Technology for Sustainable Development (Singapore, 2018), D. K. Mishra, M. K. Nayak, and A. Joshi, Eds., Springer Singapore, pp. 143–151.
- Few-shot representation learning for cold-start users and items. In Web and Big Data (2020), X. Wang, R. Zhang, Y.-K. Lee, L. Sun, and Y.-S. Moon, Eds., Springer International Publishing, pp. 363–377.
- Hertz, A. An IP-based swapping algorithm for the metric dimension and minimal doubly resolving set problems in hypercubes. Optimization Letters 14 (2020), 355–367.
- Resolving sets and integer programs for recommender systems. Journal of Global Optimization 81 (2021), 153–178.
- Latest trends of security and privacy in recommender systems: A comprehensive review and future perspectives. Computers and Security 118 (2022), 102746.
- New results for random walk learning. J. Mach. Learn. Res. 15, 1 (2014), 3655–3666.
- Advances in collaborative filtering. In Recommender Systems Handbook. Springer US, New York, NY, 2022, pp. 91–142.
- Integrating user modeling server with user modeling mediator on a personal device. In Proceedings of the 7th International Workshop on Ubiquitous User Modelling (2009), pp. 11–15.
- Melu: Meta-learned user preference estimator for cold-start recommendation. KDD ’19, Association for Computing Machinery, pp. 1073–1082.
- From zero-shot learning to cold-start recommendation. In Proceedings of the Thirty-Third AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Thirty-First Innovative Applications of Artificial Intelligence Conference and Ninth AAAI Symposium on Educational Advances in Artificial Intelligence (2019), AAAI’19/IAAI’19/EAAI’19, AAAI Press, pp. 4189–4196.
- Jointly learning explainable rules for recommendation with knowledge graph. In The World Wide Web Conference, WWW ’19 (2019), pp. 1210–1221.
- Flatter is better: Percentile transformations for recommender systems. ACM Trans. Intell. Syst. Technol. 12, 2 (2021), 1–16.
- Graph-based recommendation integrating rating history and domain knowledge: Application to on-site guidance of museum visitors. Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology 68, 8 (2017), 1911–1924.
- Semantics and content-based recommendations. In Recommender Systems Handbook. Springer US, New York, NY, 2022, pp. 251–298.
- Trust Your Neighbors: A Comprehensive Survey of Neighborhood-Based Methods for Recommender Systems. Springer US, New York, NY, 2022, pp. 39–89.
- Neural personalized ranking for image recommendation. In Proceedings of the Eleventh ACM International Conference on Web Search and Data Mining, WSDM ’18 (2018), pp. 423–431.
- Scikit-learn: Machine learning in python. J. Mach. Learn. Res. 12 (2011), 2825–2830.
- The use of machine learning algorithms in recommender systems: A systematic review. Expert Systems with Applications 97 (2018), 205–227.
- Exploiting cross-session information for session-based recommendation with graph neural networks. ACM Trans. Inf. Syst. 38, 3 (2020), 1–23. article no. 22.
- Getting to know you: Learning new user preferences in recommender systems. In Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces, IUI ’02 (2002), pp. 127 – 134.
- Recommender systems: Techniques, applications, and challenges. In Recommender Systems Handbook. Springer US, New York, NY, 2022, pp. 1–35.
- Coherence and inconsistencies in rating behavior: Estimating the magic barrier of recommender systems. User Modeling and User-Adapted Interaction 28, 2 (2018), 97–125.
- Evolution of recommender paradigm optimization over time. J. King Saud Univ. Comput. Inf. Sci. 34, 4 (2022), 1047–1059.
- A neural network approach to quote recommendation in writings. In Proceedings of the 25th ACM International on Conference on Information and Knowledge Management, CIKM ’16 (2016), pp. 65–74.
- Graph-based recommendations: from data representation to feature extraction and application. In Big Data Recommender Systems - Volume 2: Application Paradigms, Computing. Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2019, pp. 407–454.
- Deep content-based music recommendation. In Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems (2013), C. Burges, L. Bottou, M. Welling, Z. Ghahramani, and K. Weinberger, Eds., vol. 26, pp. 2643–2651.
- Heterogeneous edge embedding for friend recommendation. In Advances in Information Retrieval (Cham, 2019), L. Azzopardi, B. Stein, N. Fuhr, P. Mayr, C. Hauff, and D. Hiemstra, Eds., Springer International Publishing, pp. 172–179.
- An overview on the exploitation of time in collaborative filtering. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery 5 (2015), 195–215.
- Dropoutnet: Addressing cold start in recommender systems. In Proceedings of the 31st International Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems, NIPS’17 (2017), pp. 4964–4973.
- Graph learning based recommender systems: a review. In Proceedings of the Thirtieth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, IJCAI 2021 (2021), Z.-H. Zhou, Ed., pp. 4644–4652.
- Generalizing from a few examples: A survey on few-shot learning. ACM Comput. Surv. 53, 3 (jun 2020), 1–34.
- Assessing the contribution of twitter’s textual information to graph-based recommendation. In Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces (2017), pp. 511–516.
- Deep learning for recommender systems. In Recommender Systems Handbook. Springer US, New York, NY, 2022, pp. 173–210.
- Fairness among new items in cold start recommender systems. In Proceedings of the 44th International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval, SIGIR’21 (2021), pp. 767–776.
- Noa Tuval (1 paper)
- Alain Hertz (15 papers)
- Tsvi Kuflik (7 papers)