Papers
Topics
Authors
Recent
Gemini 2.5 Flash
Gemini 2.5 Flash
144 tokens/sec
GPT-4o
7 tokens/sec
Gemini 2.5 Pro Pro
45 tokens/sec
o3 Pro
4 tokens/sec
GPT-4.1 Pro
38 tokens/sec
DeepSeek R1 via Azure Pro
28 tokens/sec
2000 character limit reached

Evaluating FAIR Digital Object and Linked Data as distributed object systems (2306.07436v2)

Published 12 Jun 2023 in cs.DC and cs.NI

Abstract: FAIR Digital Object (FDO) is an emerging concept that is highlighted by European Open Science Cloud (EOSC) as a potential candidate for building a ecosystem of machine-actionable research outputs. In this work we systematically evaluate FDO and its implementations as a global distributed object system, by using five different conceptual frameworks that cover interoperability, middleware, FAIR principles, EOSC requirements and FDO guidelines themself. We compare the FDO approach with established Linked Data practices and the existing Web architecture, and provide a brief history of the Semantic Web while discussing why these technologies may have been difficult to adopt for FDO purposes. We conclude with recommendations for both Linked Data and FDO communities to further their adaptation and alignment.

Definition Search Book Streamline Icon: https://streamlinehq.com
References (170)
  1. “FAIR Digital Object Technical Overview”, FDO Specification Documents Full FDO Overview PEN-2.0-v2, 2023 FAIR Digital Object Forum DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7824714
  2. “DOIP Endorsement Request”, FDO Specification Documents - November 2022 PED-DOIPEndorsement-1.1-20221017, 2022 FDO Forum DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7824796
  3. “FDO – Upload of FDO”, FDO Specification Documents - November 2022 PEN-FDO-Upload-1.1-20221017, 2022 FAIR Digital Object Forum DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7825549
  4. “FDO Configuration Types”, FDO Specification Documents - November 2022 PR-ConfigurationTypes-2.1-20221017, 2022 FAIR Digital Objects Forum DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7825703
  5. Maggie Hellström, Carlo Zwölf and Peter Wittenburg “FDO – Granularity, Versioning, Mutability”, FDO Specification Documents - November 2022 PR-Granularity-2.2-20221017, 2022 FDO Forum DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7825686
  6. “FDO – Kernel Attributes & Metadata”, FDO Specification Documents - November 2022 PR-FDO-KernelAttributesAndMetadata-2.0-20221017, 2022 FDO Forum DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7825693
  7. “FDO Machine Actionability”, FDO Specification Documents - November 2022 PR-MachineActionDef-2.2-20221119, 2022 FDO Forum DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7825650
  8. “FDO PID Profiles & Attributes”, FDO Specification Documents - November 2022 PR-PIDProfileAttributes-2.1-20221017, 2022 FDO Forum DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7825630
  9. “FDO Forum FDO Requirement Specifications”, FDO Specification Documents - November 2022 PR-RequirementSpec-3.0, 2023 FDO Forum DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7782262
  10. “Typing FAIR Digital Objects”, FDO Specification Documents - November 2022 PR-TypingFDOs-2.0-20220608, 2022 FDO Forum DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7825599
  11. “FDO Forum Document Standards” (internal draft), FDO Forum WD-DocProcessStd-1.1-20220129, 2022 FDO Forum URL: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1lPNBBROjEoZ6fTfrtdqcMa3Q2G27PoC˙
  12. “Implementation of Attributes, Types, Profiles and Registries”, FDO Forum WD-Implementation-of-Attributes-0.4-20230314, 2023 FAIR Digital Objects Forum DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7825572
  13. “The Globus Striped GridFTP Framework and Server” In SC ’05: Proceedings of the 2005 ACM/IEEE Conference on Supercomputing Seattle, WA, USA: IEEE, 2005 DOI: 10.1109/sc.2005.72
  14. “ANSI/NISO Z39.99-2017, ResourceSync Framework Specification”, 2017 National Information Standards Organization ResourceSync Standing Committee DOI: 10.3789/ansi.niso.z39.99-2017
  15. “Realising the European Open Science Cloud”, 2016 Publications Office of the EU DOI: 10.2777/940154
  16. “The FAIR Data Maturity Model: An Approach to Harmonise FAIR Assessments” In Data Science Journal 19, 2020 DOI: 10.5334/dsj-2020-041
  17. “Shape Expressions (ShEx) 2.1 Primer” Shape Expressions Community Group, 2019 URL: http://shex.io/shex-primer/
  18. Mike Belshe, Roberto Peon and Martin Thomson “Hypertext Transfer Protocol Version 2 (HTTP/2)” RFC 7540, 2015 RFC Editor DOI: 10.17487/rfc7540
  19. Tim Berners-Lee “Cool URIs don’t change”, Style Guide for online hypertext, 1998 URL: https://www.w3.org/Provider/Style/URI
  20. Tim Berners-Lee “Semantic Web on XML”, 2000 URL: https://www.w3.org/2000/Talks/1206-xml2k-tbl/slide10-0.html
  21. Tim Berners-Lee “Linked Data - Design Issues” W3C Design Issues W3C, 2006 URL: https://www.w3.org/DesignIssues/LinkedData.html
  22. Tim Berners-Lee, Roy T. Fielding and Larry M Masinter “Uniform Resource Identifier (URI): Generic Syntax” RFC 3986, 2005 RFC Editor DOI: 10.17487/rfc3986
  23. “Weaving the Web: The Original Design and Ultimate Destiny of the World Wide Web by Its Inventor” HarperSanFrancisco, 1999
  24. Abraham Bernstein, James Hendler and Natalya Noy “A New Look at the Semantic Web” In Communications of the ACM 59.9, 2016, pp. 35–37 DOI: 10.1145/2890489
  25. Mike Bishop “HTTP/3” RFC 9114, 2022 RFC Editor DOI: 10.17487/rfc9114
  26. Christian Bizer, Tom Heath and Tim Berners-Lee “Linked Data - the Story so Far” In International journal on Semantic Web and information systems 5.3, 2009, pp. 1–22 DOI: 10.4018/jswis.2009081901
  27. “FAIR Digital Object Framework”, FDOF Technical Implementation Guideline, 2019 Group of European Data Experts in RDA (GEDE-RDA) URL: https://github.com/GEDE-RDA-Europe/GEDE/blob/master/FAIR%20Digital%20Objects/FDOF/FAIR%20Digital%20Object%20Framework-v1-02.docx
  28. Luiz Olavo Bonino da Silva Santos, Giancarlo Guizzardi and Tiago Prince Sales “FAIR Digital Object Framework Documentation”, 2022 URL: https://fairdigitalobjectframework.org/
  29. “FAIR Data Points Supporting Big Data Interoperability” In Enterprise Interoperability in the Digitized and Networked Factory of the Future iSTE Press, 2016, pp. 270–279 URL: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/309468587˙FAIR˙Data˙Points˙Supporting˙Big˙Data˙Interoperability
  30. “FOAF Vocabulary Specification”, 2014 URL: http://xmlns.com/foaf/spec/
  31. “FDO Glossary November 2022”, FDO Specification Documents - November 2022 FDO Glossary Nov 2022, 2022 FDO Forum HDL: 20.500.14132/fdo-spec-docs
  32. “Data Catalog Vocabulary (DCAT) - Version 2”, 2020 URL: https://www.w3.org/TR/2020/REC-vocab-dcat-2-20200204/
  33. “Linked Data Notifications” W3C Recommendation W3C, 2017 W3C Social Web Working Group URL: https://www.w3.org/TR/2017/REC-ldn-20170502/
  34. “The Landscape of Ontology Reuse Approaches” In Applications and Practices in Ontology Design, Extraction, and Reasoning, Studies on the Semantic Web IOS Press, 2020 DOI: 10.3233/ssw200033
  35. “PAV Ontology: Provenance, Authoring and Versioning” In Journal of Biomedical Semantics 4.1, 2013, pp. 37 DOI: 10.1186/2041-1480-4-37
  36. “Versioning Extensions to WebDAV (Web Distributed Authoring and Versioning)” RFC 3253, 2002 RFC Editor DOI: 10.17487/rfc3253
  37. CNRI “Handle.Net Software”, 2022 Corporation for National Research Initiatives URL: https://www.handle.net/download˙hnr.html
  38. CNRI “DOIP and Examples — Cordra Documentation” In Cordra® Software Technical Manual Version 2.5.0, 2023 Corporation for National Research Initiatives URL: https://www.cordra.org/documentation/api/doip.html
  39. CNRI “DOIP API for HTTP Clients” In Cordra® Software Technical Manual Version 2.5.0, 2023 Corporation for National Research Initiatives URL: https://www.cordra.org/documentation/api/doip-api-for-http-clients.html
  40. “A maturity model for catalogues of semantic artefacts”, 2023 DOI: 10.48550/arXiv.2305.06746
  41. “EOSC Interoperability Framework”, Report from the EOSC Executive Board Working Groups FAIR and Architecture, 2021 Publications Office of the EU DOI: 10.2777/620649
  42. CWFR Group “Canonical Workflow Frameworks for Research” OSF, 2021 URL: https://osf.io/3rekv/
  43. Dataset Exchange Working Group “Data Catalog Vocabulary (DCAT) - Version 3”, 2023 URL: https://www.w3.org/TR/2023/WD-vocab-dcat-3-20230307/
  44. DCMI Usage Board “DCMI Metadata Terms”, 2020 URL: https://www.dublincore.org/specifications/dublin-core/dcmi-terms/2020-01-20/
  45. José Carlos Martins Delgado “An Interoperability Framework and Distributed Platform for Fast Data Applications” In Data Science and Big Data Computing, 2016, pp. 3–39 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-31861-5˙1
  46. “From Conceptualization to Implementation: FAIR Assessment of Research Data Objects” In Data Science Journal 20 Ubiquity Press, Ltd., 2021 DOI: 10.5334/dsj-2021-004
  47. DOI “DOI Handbook - Resolution” In DOI Handbook, 2019 DOI Foundation DOI: 10.1000/182
  48. “Digital Object Interface Protocol Specification, Version 2.0”, 2018 DONA Foundation HDL: https://hdl.handle.net/0.DOIP/DOIPV2.0
  49. Martin J. Dürst and Michel Suignard “Internationalized Resource Identifiers (IRIs)” RFC 3987, 2005 RFC Editor DOI: 10.17487/rfc3987
  50. Lisa M. Dusseault “HTTP Extensions for Web Distributed Authoring and Versioning (WebDAV)” RFC 4918, 2007 RFC Editor DOI: 10.17487/rfc4918
  51. “Web API Design Best Practices” In Azure Architecture Center Microsoft, 2023 URL: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/architecture/best-practices/api-design
  52. European Commission “Guidelines on FAIR Data Management in Horizon 2020”, 2016 European Commission, Directorate-General for Research & Innovation URL: https://ec.europa.eu/research/participants/data/ref/h2020/grants˙manual/hi/oa˙pilot/h2020-hi-oa-data-mgt˙en.pdf
  53. FAIR Data Maturity Model Working Group “FAIR Data Maturity Model: Specification and Guidelines” Research Data Alliance, 2020 DOI: 10.15497/rda00050
  54. “FDO Specification Documents - November 2022”, 2022 FDO Forum HDL: https://fairdo.org/specifications/
  55. “FAIR Digital Objects Forum” URL: https://fairdo.org/
  56. “Introducing the PID Graph” DataCite, 2019 DOI: 10.5438/jwvf-8a66
  57. “Semantic Web Services” Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-19193-0
  58. “Hypertext Transfer Protocol – HTTP/1.1” RFC 2616, 1999 RFC Editor DOI: 10.17487/rfc2616
  59. Roy T. Fielding, Mark Nottingham and Julian Reschke “HTTP Semantics” RFC 9110, 2022 RFC Editor DOI: 10.17487/rfc9110
  60. Roy T. Fielding and Julian Reschke “Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP/1.1): Message Syntax and Routing” RFC 7230, 2014 RFC Editor DOI: 10.17487/rfc7230
  61. Roy T. Fielding and Julian Reschke “Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP/1.1): Semantics and Content” RFC 7231, 2014 RFC Editor DOI: 10.17487/rfc7231
  62. “Reflections on the REST Architectural Style and ”Principled Design of the Modern Web Architecture” (Impact Paper Award)” In Proceedings of the 2017 11th Joint Meeting on Foundations of Software Engineering - ESEC/FSE 2017, 2017, pp. 4–14 DOI: 10.1145/3106237.3121282
  63. Roy Thomas Fielding “Architectural Styles and the Design of Network-Based Software Architectures”, 2000 University of California, Irvine URL: https://www.ics.uci.edu/~fielding/pubs/dissertation/top.htm
  64. “Validating RDF Data” In Synthesis Lectures on the Semantic Web: Theory and Technology 7.1, 2017, pp. 1–328 DOI: 10.2200/s00786ed1v01y201707wbe016
  65. “State of the Nation in Data Integration for Bioinformatics.” In Journal of Biomedical Informatics 41.5, 2008, pp. 687–693 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbi.2008.01.008
  66. “Bioschemas: From Potato Salad to Protein Annotation” In Proceedings of the ISWC 2017 Posters & Demonstrations and Industry Tracks co-located with 16th International Semantic Web Conference (ISWC 2017) 1963, CEUR Workshop Proceedings, 2017 URL: https://ceur-ws.org/Vol-1963/paper579.pdf
  67. “The Atom Publishing Protocol” RFCC 5023, 2007 RFC Editor DOI: 10.17487/rfc5023
  68. “URI Template” RFC 6570, 2012 RFC Editor DOI: 10.17487/rfc6570
  69. “API-centric Linked Data Integration: The Open PHACTS Discovery Platform Case Study” In Journal of Web Semantics 29, 2014, pp. 12–18 DOI: 10.1016/j.websem.2014.03.003
  70. “RDF Schema 1.1”, 2014 URL: http://www.w3.org/TR/2014/REC-rdf-schema-20140225/
  71. “The Specimen Data Refinery: A Canonical Workflow Framework and FAIR Digital Object Approach to Speeding up Digital Mobilisation of Natural History Collections” In Data Intelligence 4.2, 2022, pp. 320–341 DOI: 10.1162/dint˙a˙00134
  72. “Assessing FAIR Data Principles against the 5-Star Open Data Principles” In The Semantic Web: ESWC 2018 Satellite Events: ESWC 2018 Satellite Events, Heraklion, Crete, Greece, June 3-7, 2018, Revised Selected Papers 11155, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2018, pp. 469–477 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-98192-5˙60
  73. Vicki Tardif Holland and Jason Johnson “Introducing ’Role”’, Official blog for schema.org, 2014 URL: http://blog.schema.org/2014/06/introducing-role.html
  74. “The Semantic Web — ISWC 2002” Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2002 DOI: 10.1007/3-540-48005-6
  75. “How Matchable Are Four Thousand Ontologies on the Semantic Web” In The Semantic Web: Research and Applications 6643, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2011, pp. 290–304
  76. “SKOS Simple Knowledge Organization System Primer” W3C, 2009 URL: https://www.w3.org/TR/2009/NOTE-skos-primer-20090818/
  77. Sharif Islam “FAIR digital objects, persistent identifiers and machine actionability” In FAIR Connect 1.1, 2023, pp. 29–34 DOI: 10.3233/FC-230001
  78. “ISO 16684-1:2019 — Graphic technology — Extensible metadata platform (XMP) — Part 1: Data model, serialization and core properties”, 2019 ISO URL: https://www.iso.org/standard/75163.html
  79. “ISO/IEC 23009-1:2022 — Information technology — Dynamic adaptive streaming over HTTP (DASH) — Part 1: Media presentation description and segment formats”, 2022 ISO URL: https://www.iso.org/standard/83314.html
  80. “X.1255 : Framework for Discovery of Identity Management Information” ITU-T X.1255, 2013 The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) URL: https://www.itu.int/rec/T-REC-X.1255-201309-I
  81. “QUIC: A UDP-Based Multiplexed and Secure Transport” RFC 9000, 2021 RFC Editor DOI: 10.17487/rfc9000
  82. “Open Research Knowledge Graph: A System Walkthrough” In Digital Libraries for Open Knowledge, 2019, pp. 348–351 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-30760-8˙31
  83. “SWORD 3.0 Specification”, 2021 URL: https://swordapp.github.io/swordv3/swordv3.html
  84. “How Facebook is bringing QUIC to billions”, Engineering at Meta, 2020 URL: https://engineering.fb.com/2020/10/21/networking-traffic/how-facebook-is-bringing-quic-to-billions
  85. Nick Juty, Nicolas Le Novere and Camille Laibe “Identifiers.Org and MIRIAM Registry: Community Resources to Provide Persistent Identification” In Nucleic Acids Research 40.D1, 2011, pp. D580–D586 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkr1097
  86. “A Framework for Distributed Digital Object Services”, 1995 Corporation for National Research Initiatives URL: http://www.cnri.reston.va.us/k-w.html
  87. “A Framework for Distributed Digital Object Services” In International Journal on Digital Libraries 6.2, 2006, pp. 115–123 DOI: 10.1007/s00799-005-0128-x
  88. Maulik R. Kamdar, Tania Tudorache and Mark A. Musen “A Systematic Analysis of Term Reuse and Term Overlap across Biomedical Ontologies” In Semantic Web 8.6, 2017, pp. 853–871 DOI: 10.3233/sw-160238
  89. Mike Kelly “JSON Hypertext Application Language” Work in Progress Internet Engineering Task Force, 2016 URL: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-kelly-json-hal/08/
  90. “Upgrading to TLS Within HTTP/1.1” RFC 2817, 2000 RFC Editor DOI: 10.17487/rfc2817
  91. “Scholarly Context Not Found: One in Five Articles Suffers from Reference Rot” In PLOS ONE 9.12, 2014, pp. e115253 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0115253
  92. Jakub Klímek, Petr Škoda and Martin Nečaský “Survey of Tools for Linked Data Consumption” In Satya Widya 10.4, 2019, pp. 665–720 DOI: 10.3233/SW-180316
  93. “Shapes Constraint Language (SHACL)” W3C, 2017 URL: https://www.w3.org/TR/2017/REC-shacl-20170720/
  94. John A. Kunze and Emmanuelle Bermès “The ARK Identifier Scheme” Work in Progress Internet Engineering Task Force, 2022 URL: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-kunze-ark/36/
  95. “ORE Specification - Abstract Data Model”, 2008 Open Archives Initiative URL: http://www.openarchives.org/ore/1.0/datamodel#Proxies
  96. “Perspectives on Automated Composition of Workflows in the Life Sciences” In F1000Research 10, 2021, pp. 897 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.54159.1
  97. “FAIR Digital Objects Roadmap”, FDO Specification Documents - November 2022 FAIR Digital Objects Roadmap-v5-22-11-19, 2022 FDO Forum DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7824673
  98. Markus Lanthaler “Hydra Core Vocabulary”, 2021 Hydra W3C Community Group URL: http://www.hydra-cg.com/spec/latest/core/
  99. Ora Lassila and Ralph R. Swick “Resource Description Framework (RDF) Model and Syntax Specification”, 1999 URL: http://www.w3.org/TR/1999/REC-rdf-syntax-19990222/
  100. Timothy Lebo, Deborah McGuinness and Satya Sahoo “PROV-O: The PROV Ontology” W3C, 2013 URL: https://www.w3.org/TR/2013/REC-prov-o-20130430/
  101. “Linking Across Provenance Bundles” W3C, 2013 URL: https://www.w3.org/TR/2013/NOTE-prov-links-20130430/
  102. “Licenses & Standards”, 2022 Open Source Initiative URL: https://opensource.org/licenses
  103. “Linked Data”, 2015 W3C URL: https://www.w3.org/standards/semanticweb/data
  104. “Web Services Description Language (WSDL) Version 2.0 Part 0: Primer” W3C, 2007 URL: https://www.w3.org/TR/2007/REC-wsdl20-primer-20070626/
  105. “First International Conference on FAIR Digital Objects” In Research Ideas and Outcomes Pensoft Publishers, 2022 DOI: 10.3897/rio.coll.190
  106. “Identifiers for the 21st century: How to design, provision, and reuse persistent identifiers to maximize utility and impact of life science data” In PLOS Biology 15.6, 2017, pp. e2001414 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.2001414
  107. MDN “HTTP Content Negotiation” In Web technology for developers, 2023 MDN Web Docs URL: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Content˙negotiation
  108. Albert Meroño-Peñuela, Pasquale Lisena and Carlos Martínez-Ortiz “Conclusion and Future Challenges” In Web Data Apis for Knowledge Graphs: Easing Access to Semantic Data for Application Developers, Synthesis Lectures on Data, Semantics, and Knowledge, 2021, pp. 77–80 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-01917-3˙7
  109. Albert Meroño-Peñuela, Pasquale Lisena and Carlos Martínez-Ortiz “Web Data Apis over SPARQL” In Web Data Apis for Knowledge Graphs: Easing Access to Semantic Data for Application Developers, Synthesis Lectures on Data, Semantics, and Knowledge, 2021, pp. 27–38 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-01917-3˙3
  110. “5-star Open Data”, 2012 URL: http://5stardata.info/
  111. “Microdata” In HTML Living Standard WHATWG, 2023 WHATWG URL: https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/microdata.html
  112. “OpenAPI Specification v3.1.0” The Linux Foundation, 2021 OpenAPI Initiative URL: https://spec.openapis.org/oas/v3.1.0.html
  113. “Cloudy, Increasingly FAIR; Revisiting the FAIR Data Guiding Principles for the European Open Science Cloud” In Information Services & Use 37.1, 2017, pp. 49–56 DOI: 10.3233/ISU-170824
  114. “NCBO BioPortal” URL: https://bioportal.bioontology.org/ontologies
  115. Andy Neumann, Nuno Laranjeiro and Jorge Bernardino “An Analysis of Public REST Web Service Apis” In IEEE Transactions on Services Computing 14.4, 2021, pp. 957–970 DOI: 10.1109/TSC.2018.2847344
  116. “Why and how to engage expert stakeholders in ontology development: insights from social and behavioural sciences” In Journal of Biomedical Semantics 12.1, 2021 DOI: 10.1186/s13326-021-00240-6
  117. Mark Nottingham “Web Linking” RFC 8288, 2017 RFC Editor DOI: 10.17487/rfc8288
  118. “25 years development of knowledge graph theory: the results and the challenge” No. 2/1876 University of Twente, 2008 URL: https://purl.utwente.nl/publications/64931
  119. OCLC “”info” URI Registry (Frozen)”, 2010 OCLC URL: http://info-uri.info/
  120. “The Open Graph Protocol” URL: https://ogp.me/
  121. “The Modern Standards Paradigm - Five Key Principles”, 2017 OpenStand URL: https://open-stand.org/about-us/principles/
  122. Kevin R. Page, David C. De Roure and Kirk Martinez “REST and Linked Data” In Proceedings of the Second International Workshop on RESTful Design - WS-REST ’11 ACM Press, 2011 DOI: 10.1145/1967428.1967435
  123. “HTTP Live Streaming” RFC 8216, 2017 RFC Editor DOI: 10.17487/rfc8216
  124. Aaron Parecki “Micropub” W3C Recommendation W3C, 2017 W3C, Social Web Working Group URL: https://www.w3.org/TR/2017/REC-micropub-20170523/
  125. “A More Decentralized Vision for Linked Data” In Satya Widya 11.1, 2020, pp. 101–113 DOI: 10.3233/SW-190380
  126. Sean Reilly “Digital Object Interface Protocol Version 1.0”, 2009 DONA Foundation URL: https://www.dona.net/doipv1doc
  127. Eric Rescorla “HTTP Over TLS” RFC 2818, 2000 RFC Editor DOI: 10.17487/rfc2818
  128. “Towards improved FAIRness of the ThermoML Archive” In Journal of Computational Chemistry 43.12 Wiley, 2022, pp. 879–887 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.26842
  129. “WebSockets Standard” WHATWG, 2022 URL: https://websockets.spec.whatwg.org/
  130. “The FAIR Cookbook - the essential resource for and by FAIR doers” In Scientific Data 10.1, 2023 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-023-02166-3
  131. Sandvine “Global Internet Phenomena Report 2022” URL: https://www.sandvine.com/global-internet-phenomena-report-2022
  132. “Cool URIs for the Semantic Web” W3C Interest Group Note, 2008 w3C URL: http://www.w3.org/TR/cooluris/
  133. “Schema.Org - Schema.Org” URL: https://schema.org/
  134. “Schema.Org Actions” URL: https://schema.org/docs/actions.html
  135. “RDF 1.1 Primer”, 2014 URL: http://www.w3.org/TR/2014/NOTE-rdf11-primer-20140624/
  136. “Reusable FAIR Implementation Profiles as Accelerators of FAIR Convergence” In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2020, pp. 138–147 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-65847-2˙13
  137. “FAIR Principles and Digital Objects: Accelerating Convergence on a Data Infrastructure” In Data Analytics and Management in Data Intensive Domains: 20th International Conference, DAMDID/RCDL 2018, Moscow, Russia, October 9–12, 2018, Revised Selected Papers 1003, Communications in Computer and Information Science, 2019, pp. 3–16 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-23584-0˙1
  138. “Two Examples on How FDO Types Can Support Machine and Human Readability” In Research Ideas and Outcomes 8, 2022 DOI: 10.3897/rio.8.e96014
  139. “IPCC DDC: AWI AWI-CM1.1MR model output prepared for CMIP6 CMIP historical” World Data Center for Climate (WDCC) at DKRZ, 2022 HDL: https://www.wdc-climate.de/ui/entry?acronym=C6CMAWAWMhi
  140. Amit Singhal “Introducing the Knowledge Graph: things, not strings”, Google Keyword, 2012 Google URL: https://blog.google/products/search/introducing-knowledge-graph-things-not/
  141. “The OBO Foundry: Coordinated Evolution of Ontologies to Support Biomedical Data Integration” In Nature Biotechnology 25.11, 2007, pp. 1251–1255 DOI: 10.1038/nbt1346
  142. “Updating Linked Data practices for FAIR Digital Object principles” In Research Ideas and Outcomes 8, 2022 DOI: 10.3897/rio.8.e94501
  143. “Creating lightweight FAIR Digital Objects with RO-Crate” In Research Ideas and Outcomes 8, 2022 DOI: 10.3897/rio.8.e93937
  144. SPARQL WG “SPARQL 1.1 Overview” W3C, 2013 The W3C SPARQL Working Group URL: https://www.w3.org/TR/2013/REC-sparql11-overview-20130321/
  145. “Linked Data Platform 1.0” W3C Recommendation W3C, 2015 W3C Linked Data Platform Working Group URL: https://www.w3.org/TR/2015/REC-ldp-20150226/
  146. “Media Types with Multiple Suffixes” Work in Progress Internet Engineering Task Force, 2023 URL: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-ietf-mediaman-suffixes/03/
  147. “RDFa 1.1 Primer - Third Edition” W3C, 2015 URL: https://www.w3.org/TR/2015/NOTE-rdfa-primer-20150317/
  148. “JSON-LD 1.1” W3C, 2020 URL: https://www.w3.org/TR/2020/REC-json-ld11-20200716/
  149. William Stallings “Handbook of Computer-Communications Standards: The Open Systems (OSI) Model and OSI-related Standards” Carmel, IN, USA: Sams, 1990
  150. Stefan K Stanczyk “Process Modelling for Information System Description” In The Open University, 1987 DOI: 10.21954/ou.ro.0000f821
  151. Anisa Stefi “Do Developers Make Unbiased Decisions? - The Effect of Mindfulness and Not-Invented-Here Bias on the Adoption of Software Components” University of Münster, Münster, Germany, 2015 DOI: 10.18151/7217489
  152. “To Develop or to Reuse? Two Perspectives on External Reuse in Software Projects” In Software Business 210, Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing, 2015, pp. 192–206 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-19593-3˙18
  153. Sam Sun, Larry Lannom and Brian P. Boesch “Handle System Overview” RFC 3650, 2003 RFC Editor DOI: 10.17487/rfc3650
  154. “Handle System Protocol (Ver 2.1) Specification” RFC 3652, 2003 RFC Editor DOI: 10.17487/rfc3652
  155. “W3C XML Schema Definition Language (XSD) 1.1 Part 1: Structures” W3C, 2012 URL: https://www.w3.org/TR/2012/REC-xmlschema11-1-20120405/
  156. “Using Shape Expressions (ShEx) to Share RDF Data Models and to Guide Curation with Rigorous Validation” In The Semantic Web: 16th International Conference, ESWC 2019, Portorož, Slovenia, June 2–6, 2019, Proceedings 11503, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2019, pp. 606–620 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-21348-0˙39
  157. “Mapping between the OBO and OWL Ontology Languages” In Journal of Biomedical Semantics 2, 2011, pp. S3 DOI: 10.1186/2041-1480-2-s1-s3
  158. “Brief Introduction to Cordra & DOIP”, 2022 URL: https://www.rd-alliance.org/sites/default/files/Cordra.2022.pdf
  159. Ovidiu Turcoane “Linked Data, JSON-LD and the Semantics of Cultural and Scientific Heritage” In Digital Presentation and Preservation of Cultural and Scientific Heritage 4, 2014, pp. 95–105 DOI: 10.55630/dipp.2014.4.11
  160. “FAIR Signposting Profile”, 2022 URL: https://signposting.org/FAIR/
  161. Herbert Van de Sompel, Michael Nelson and Robert Sanderson “HTTP Framework for Time-Based Access to Resource States – Memento” RFC 7089, 2013 RFC Editor DOI: 10.17487/rfc7089
  162. Ruben Verborgh “Designing a Linked Data Developer Experience”, 2018 URL: https://ruben.verborgh.org/blog/2018/12/28/designing-a-linked-data-developer-experience/
  163. Ruben Verborgh and Miel Vander Sande “The Semantic Web Identity Crisis: In Search of the Trivialities That Never Were” In Satya Widya 11.1, 2020, pp. 19–27 DOI: 10.3233/SW-190372
  164. “FAIR-IMPACT project response to ”FAIR Assessment Tools: Towards an ”Apples to Apples” Comparisons”” Zenodo, 2023 FAIR-IMPACT DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7848102
  165. “OWL 2 Web Ontology Language Document Overview (Second Edition)” W3C, 2012 URL: https://www.w3.org/TR/2012/REC-owl2-overview-20121211/
  166. W3Techs “Usage Statistics of JSON-LD for Websites” 2023-05 Q-Success W3Techs - World Wide Web Technology Surveys URL: https://w3techs.com/technologies/details/da-jsonld
  167. “RDA Recommendation on PID Kernel Information” In Research Data Alliance Research Data Alliance, 2018 DOI: 10.15497/rda00031
  168. “Darwin Core: An Evolving Community-Developed Biodiversity Data Standard” In PLOS ONE 7.1, 2012, pp. e29715 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0029715
  169. Erik Wilde “The ’profile’ Link Relation Type” RFC 6906, 2013 RFC Editor DOI: 10.17487/rfc6906
  170. “FAIR Assessment Tools: Towards an ”Apples to Apples” Comparisons” Zenodo, 2022 EOSC FAIR Metrics subgroup DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7463421
Citations (6)

Summary

We haven't generated a summary for this paper yet.