A Hausdorff dimension analysis of sets with the product of consecutive vs single partial quotients in continued fractions (2208.09091v1)

Abstract: We present a detailed Hausdorff dimension analysis of the set of real numbers where the product of consecutive partial quotients in their continued fraction expansion grow at a certain rate but the growth of the single partial quotient is at a different rate. We consider the set \begin{equation*} \FF(\Phi_1,\Phi_2) \defeq \EE(\Phi_1) \backslash \EE(\Phi_2)=\left{x\in[0,1): \begin{split} a_n(x)a_{n+1}(x) & \geq\Phi_1(n) \text{\,\, for infinitely many } n\in\N a_{n+1}(x) & <\Phi_2(n) \text{\,\, for all sufficiently large } n\in\N \end{split} \right}, \end{equation*} where $\Phi_i:\N\to(0,\infty)$ are any functions such that $\lim\limits_{n\to\infty} \Phi_i(n)=\infty$. We obtain some surprising results including the situations when $\FF(\Phi_1,\Phi_2)$ is empty for various non-trivial choices of $\Phi_i$'s. Our results contribute to the metrical theory of continued fractions by generalising several known results including the main result of [Nonlinearity, 33(6):2615--2639, 2020]. To obtain some of the results, we consider an alternate generalised set, which may be of independent interest, and calculate its Hausdorff dimension. One of the main ingredients is in the usage of the classical mass distribution principle; specifically a careful distribution of the mass on the Cantor subset by introducing a new idea of two different types of probability measures.