Monopoles of the Dirac type and color confinement in QCD -- Gauge invariant mechansim (2204.11514v2)

Abstract: As a color confinement mechanism, a dual Meissner effect due to Abelian monopoles involved in QCD has been discussed so far in various ways. But still there is an important problem unsolved. It is gauge invariance of the schemes or, in other words, the reason why non-Abelian color confinement is explained by means of the Abelian dual Meissner effect. Here it is shown that a random Abelian method based on the violation of non-Abelian Bianchi identity (VNABI) could prove SU(3) invariance and explain why color-singlets alone can survive in the confinement phase of QCD in the framework of the Abelian dual Meissner effect due to Abelian monopole condensation. This is completely different from the 't Hooft's Abelian projection scheme which introduces an additional partial gauge-fixing or the idea of Bonati et al. which is based also on VNABI. Bonati et al. say that VNABI is related to the 't Hooft tensor and the relation can prove the gauge invariance of the 't Hooft's Abelian projection schemes. But the last idea is found to be incorrect. Existence of the relation between VNABI and the 't Hooft tensor alone can not account for gauge invariance of 't Hooft's Abelian projection schemes.